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水体中多环芳烃的TiO_2光催化降解研究
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摘要
多环芳烃(PAHs)是美国环保局制定的129种优先控制污染物中的一类,主要来源于燃料的不完全燃烧,它对哺乳类动物及人类有致癌、致畸、致突变的作用。随着世界工业的迅速发展,大量化石燃料消费、工业废水的排放,以及船舶运输的溢油事件,使水体中多环芳烃的污染日趋严重。光催化氧化法是去除这一类难降解有机污染物的有效方法。本文以菲和芘为代表,研究水相中的多环芳烃在TiO_2催化下的光降解,应用UV-vis分光光度法、红外光谱法、COD_(Cr)法、GC-MS等方法对其降解动力学和降解机理进行深入研究,主要研究成果如下:
     (1)采用有机溶剂溶解PAHs后均匀涂布在TiO_2颗粒表面的方法建立了一套研究多环芳烃在水相中的TiO_2光催化降解的方法,解决了多环芳烃在水中溶解度小带来的困难。这个方法也可以应用到类似的水不溶性有机污染物的光催化降解的研究上,从而可以用较为简单的方法来深入研究这一类化合物的的反应动力学和降解途径。这个方法的建立,是这类水不溶性有机污染物的光催化降解研究的一个重大突破。
     (2)研究了TiO_2的投入量、pH值、多环芳烃的表面覆盖度及Fe~(3+)浓度等因素对多环芳烃降解速率的影响,发现TiO_2的投入量、pH值对降解速率几乎没有影响;而随着多环芳烃表面覆盖度和水中Fe~(3+)浓度的增加,降解速率减慢。
     (3)通过对紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)、红外光谱(IR)和COD_(Cr)值变化的研究,发现反应过程中有中间产物生成,且随着反应的进行,反应物和中间产物均不断矿化,最终完全消失。
     (4)以GC-MS方法检测出反应过程中的中间产物,并对其进行了定性和定量的研究,剖析了多环芳烃TiO_2光降解的途径,并进一步证实了TiO_2光降解有机物的作用机理。
Photocatalytic Degradation of Poly cyclic aromatic Hydrocarbons
    Catalyzed by TiO2 in Aquatic system
    Wen Sheng (Organic Geochemistry) Directed by Sheng Guo-ying, Fu Jia-mo and Zhao Jin-cai
    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the 129 priority pollutants listed by US EPA. They mostly derive from the incomplete combustion of the fuel. Many of them are toxic and carcinogenic for mammal and human being. With the development of the world industry, the use of fossil fuel, release of the wastewater and the accidents of the oil leakage, the pollution of the PAHs in water is more and more serious. The photocatalytic degradation is an efficient way to delete such almost non-degradable pollutants. In this article, phenanthrene and pyrene are used as examples to study the photodegradation of PAHs catalyzed by TiC>2 in aquatic system. UV-vis spectrophotometer. IR spectrometer, chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements and GC-MS analytical techniques were used to describe the degradation kinetics, monitor the formed intermediates and to reveal the photodegradation pathway. We've made some progress as follows:
    (1) PAHs is first dissolved in organic resolvent and then TiO2 is added in. After the solution is volatilized. PAHs is absorbed on the surface of TiO2. Use this method, it is relatively easy to study the photodegradation of PAHs catalyzed by TiO2 in aquatic system. Under this study system, the infusibility of PAHs is not a problem. It can also be used in the study of the photocatalytic degradation of some other water non-resolvable organic compounds, so we can study the degradation kinetics and pathway of such kind of organic matters with this more easy method. The establishment of this method is a breakthrough in the field of study of photodcatlytic degradation of such water non-resolvable organic compounds.
    
    
    
    (2) Some factors affecting the photodegradation rate are studied, including amount of TiOz, pH, surface coverage, concentration of Fe3+. It is found that the first two factors almost have no effect on it. But with the increasing of surface coverage and concentration of Fe3+, the degradation rates decrease.
    (3) Through the study on the variation of UV-vis spectrophotometer, IR spectrometer and CODcr value, we find the production of some intermediate products. And following the progress of the reaction, the reactors and the intermediate products are all gradually mineralized, and all disappear at last.
    (4) GC-MS is used to detected the intermediate products during the reaction, some intermediate products are confirmed and the photodegradation pathway of the PAHs are described. The investigation also ulteriorly proved the mechanism of reaction of TiOj on the organic compounds.
引文
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