河南官坡伟晶岩中锂辉石的矿物学及提锂工艺研究
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摘要
锂及其化合物在现代工业和科技领域中占有非常重要的地位。提高对锂矿床的开发利用效率,优化提锂工艺技术,成为当前对锂矿产研究的一项重要课题。
本文主要通过现代测试技术对河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿中锂辉石及其共生矿物的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学等特征进行了系统地研究。提高和完善了对河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿的认识。同时利用该矿区的锂辉石,进行了碱焙烧提锂工艺的实验研究。
研究表明:河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿的主要含锂矿物为锂辉石、锂云母、锂电气石,其中含锂量具有提锂价值的是锂辉石和锂云母。矿区中的锂辉石广泛分布,呈板状、块状产出,部分锂辉石还存在蚀变为腐锂辉石的现象。通过锂辉石和腐锂辉石的手标本观察、X射线粉晶衍射分析、X射线荧光化学分析,认识到该区锂辉石受到流体蚀变作用短,期次少,对锂辉石矿的工业利用价值影响不大,而且还具有找矿的指导意义。
通过对河南官坡伟晶岩矿中锂辉石的共生矿物的研究,发现该伟晶岩矿中还存在铌、钽、铷、铯等稀有金属的富集。结合该伟晶岩区的区域地质地貌概况,得到该区伟晶岩脉的形成是岩浆分异作用后期挥发性组分与稀有金属组分在沿褶皱裂隙上升的过程中结晶而成的。
本文还利用该矿区锂辉石进行了碱焙烧提锂工艺的实验研究。锂辉石在焙烧至1000℃生成β锂辉石。利用Na2CO3和β锂辉石(β锂辉石与Na2CO3摩尔比1:4)混合焙烧至800℃使β锂辉石分解,锂转变为可溶性锂离子。利用过量的盐酸溶解焙烧生成物,使锂离子进入溶液,同时原生成物中的硅元素将以偏硅酸的形式沉淀;再通过往溶液中添加氢氧化钠使溶液中的铝离子沉淀出来。最后,向溶液中添加Na2CO3,用恒温蒸发溶剂的方法,使碳酸锂析出,达到提锂的目的。
Lithium and Li-compounds are of significance to the fields of modern industry and technology. Therefore, improving the efficiency of exploitation and lithium extracting technique tends to be an important problem on lithium deposit.
This article does systematic research on Spodumene and the accrete minerals from HeNan GuanPo pegmatite lithium mineral by testing mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry etc. characters. Furthermore, taking experiment on the lithium-extracting with alkali roasting technique.
The main Li-contained minerals from HeNan GuanPo pegmatite are Spodumene, Lepidolite and Elbaite, but only Spodumene and Lepidolite can be used for lithium-extracting. Spodumene in this zone is widely existent with plank and piece shape, some of which altered to Cymatolite. According to the observation of the hand specimens, XRD, X-ray fluorescence analysis, the Spodumene in this area got short period of liquid alteration, which impacts little on the industrial value in use. This conclusion is also instructive to prospecting.
There are lots of rare metals enriched in this pegmatite by analyzing the accrete minerals, such as Nb,Ta,Rb,Cs etc. based on the regional geological geomorphology of this zone, pegmatitic dyke of this zone is formed in the course of magmatic differentiation, crystallized in the process of the volatile and rare metals ascending in the shirring.
This article experiments on the lithium-extracting with alkali roasting technique. The study shows that Spodumene alters toβ-Spodumene when roasted to 1000℃, then, mixed with sodium carbonate (mol ratio is 1:4) roasting to 800℃to make Li transforms into soluble ion. After that, add hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in turn to make sure that silicon and aluminium precipitated. Finally, adds sodium carbonate and vaporizes in constant temperature to obtain lithium carbonate.
本文主要通过现代测试技术对河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿中锂辉石及其共生矿物的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学等特征进行了系统地研究。提高和完善了对河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿的认识。同时利用该矿区的锂辉石,进行了碱焙烧提锂工艺的实验研究。
研究表明:河南官坡伟晶岩锂矿的主要含锂矿物为锂辉石、锂云母、锂电气石,其中含锂量具有提锂价值的是锂辉石和锂云母。矿区中的锂辉石广泛分布,呈板状、块状产出,部分锂辉石还存在蚀变为腐锂辉石的现象。通过锂辉石和腐锂辉石的手标本观察、X射线粉晶衍射分析、X射线荧光化学分析,认识到该区锂辉石受到流体蚀变作用短,期次少,对锂辉石矿的工业利用价值影响不大,而且还具有找矿的指导意义。
通过对河南官坡伟晶岩矿中锂辉石的共生矿物的研究,发现该伟晶岩矿中还存在铌、钽、铷、铯等稀有金属的富集。结合该伟晶岩区的区域地质地貌概况,得到该区伟晶岩脉的形成是岩浆分异作用后期挥发性组分与稀有金属组分在沿褶皱裂隙上升的过程中结晶而成的。
本文还利用该矿区锂辉石进行了碱焙烧提锂工艺的实验研究。锂辉石在焙烧至1000℃生成β锂辉石。利用Na2CO3和β锂辉石(β锂辉石与Na2CO3摩尔比1:4)混合焙烧至800℃使β锂辉石分解,锂转变为可溶性锂离子。利用过量的盐酸溶解焙烧生成物,使锂离子进入溶液,同时原生成物中的硅元素将以偏硅酸的形式沉淀;再通过往溶液中添加氢氧化钠使溶液中的铝离子沉淀出来。最后,向溶液中添加Na2CO3,用恒温蒸发溶剂的方法,使碳酸锂析出,达到提锂的目的。
Lithium and Li-compounds are of significance to the fields of modern industry and technology. Therefore, improving the efficiency of exploitation and lithium extracting technique tends to be an important problem on lithium deposit.
This article does systematic research on Spodumene and the accrete minerals from HeNan GuanPo pegmatite lithium mineral by testing mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry etc. characters. Furthermore, taking experiment on the lithium-extracting with alkali roasting technique.
The main Li-contained minerals from HeNan GuanPo pegmatite are Spodumene, Lepidolite and Elbaite, but only Spodumene and Lepidolite can be used for lithium-extracting. Spodumene in this zone is widely existent with plank and piece shape, some of which altered to Cymatolite. According to the observation of the hand specimens, XRD, X-ray fluorescence analysis, the Spodumene in this area got short period of liquid alteration, which impacts little on the industrial value in use. This conclusion is also instructive to prospecting.
There are lots of rare metals enriched in this pegmatite by analyzing the accrete minerals, such as Nb,Ta,Rb,Cs etc. based on the regional geological geomorphology of this zone, pegmatitic dyke of this zone is formed in the course of magmatic differentiation, crystallized in the process of the volatile and rare metals ascending in the shirring.
This article experiments on the lithium-extracting with alkali roasting technique. The study shows that Spodumene alters toβ-Spodumene when roasted to 1000℃, then, mixed with sodium carbonate (mol ratio is 1:4) roasting to 800℃to make Li transforms into soluble ion. After that, add hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in turn to make sure that silicon and aluminium precipitated. Finally, adds sodium carbonate and vaporizes in constant temperature to obtain lithium carbonate.
引文
[1]马鸿文.工业矿物与岩石(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[2]曾绍金,张鹏远.河南省地质矿产志.北京:中国展望出版社,1992
[3]路凤香,桑隆康.岩石学.北京:地质出版社,2002
[4]常丽华,陈曼云,金巍等.透明矿物薄片鉴定手册.北京:地质出版社,2006
[5]邓晋福.岩石相平衡与岩石成因.武汉:武汉地质学院出版社,1987
[6]中国科学院矿床地球化学开放实验室.矿床地球化学.北京:地质出版社,1997
[7]栾世伟,毛玉元,范良明等.可可托海地区稀有金属成矿与找矿.成都:成都科技大学出版社
[8]曾广策,朱云海,叶德隆.晶体光学及光性矿物学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006
[9]王濮,潘兆橹,翁宝玲等.系统矿物学.北京:地质出版社,1987
[10]贺同兴,卢良兆,李树勋等.变质岩岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1988
[11]潘兆橹.结晶学及矿物学.北京:地质出版社,1994
[12]唐国凡,吴盛先.四川省康定县甲基卡花岗伟晶岩锂矿床地质研究报告,四川省地质矿产局攀西地质大队,1984
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[15]乔玲.锂云母中锂的提取及氯化锂制备的工艺研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:南京工业大学,2004
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[2]曾绍金,张鹏远.河南省地质矿产志.北京:中国展望出版社,1992
[3]路凤香,桑隆康.岩石学.北京:地质出版社,2002
[4]常丽华,陈曼云,金巍等.透明矿物薄片鉴定手册.北京:地质出版社,2006
[5]邓晋福.岩石相平衡与岩石成因.武汉:武汉地质学院出版社,1987
[6]中国科学院矿床地球化学开放实验室.矿床地球化学.北京:地质出版社,1997
[7]栾世伟,毛玉元,范良明等.可可托海地区稀有金属成矿与找矿.成都:成都科技大学出版社
[8]曾广策,朱云海,叶德隆.晶体光学及光性矿物学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2006
[9]王濮,潘兆橹,翁宝玲等.系统矿物学.北京:地质出版社,1987
[10]贺同兴,卢良兆,李树勋等.变质岩岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1988
[11]潘兆橹.结晶学及矿物学.北京:地质出版社,1994
[12]唐国凡,吴盛先.四川省康定县甲基卡花岗伟晶岩锂矿床地质研究报告,四川省地质矿产局攀西地质大队,1984
[13]陈西京,王淑荣,张秀颖.秦岭花岗伟晶岩基本特征与成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1993
[14]李健康.川西典型伟晶岩型矿床的形成机理及其大陆动力学背景. [博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2006
[15]乔玲.锂云母中锂的提取及氯化锂制备的工艺研究. [硕士学位论文].南京:南京工业大学,2004
[16]冀康平.锂资源的开发与利用[J].无机盐工业, 2005,(05)
[17]孟庆江,杨仁武.开发江西锂资源大有可为[J].江西冶金, 1997,(03)
[18]青海盐湖锂资源开发取得多项重大进展[J].海湖盐与化工, 2003,(05)
[19]俞集良.玻利维亚将开发其巨大的锂资源[J].中国有色冶金, 1984, (07)
[20]任学佑,沈西湖.世界锂资源开发利用格局的变化[J].世界有色金属, 1998,(08)
[21]李明慧,郑绵平.锂资源的分布及其开发利用[J].科技导报, 2003,(12)
[22]马培华,张彭熹.中国盐湖锂资源的可持续开发[J].中国科学院院刊, 1999,(03)
[23]宋新宇,姚建华.柴达木盆地锂资源开发[J].干旱区资源与环境, 1999,(03)
[24]李昱昀,狄晓亮,高洁.国内外盐湖卤水锂资源及开发现状[J].海湖盐与化工, 2005,(05)
[25]邹天人.中国伟晶岩型宝石玉石矿床[J].矿床地质, 1996, (S2) .
[26]黄宣镇.与花岗伟晶岩建造有关的宝玉石矿床[J].中国非金属矿工业导刊, 2003, (03) .22-28
[27]王登红,邹天人,徐志刚,余金杰,付小方.伟晶岩矿床示踪造山过程的研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2004, (04) . 30-41
[28]杨岳清,王文瑛,倪云祥,陈成湖,朱锦煌.福建南平花岗伟晶岩中绿柱石的矿物学研究[J].福建地质, 1998, (02) . 52-58
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