膨胀土判别与分类指标及方法研究
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摘要
膨胀土判别与分类指标及方法的选取对工程措施的制定影响甚深,选择合理的指标和分类方法至关重要。本文从这两方面出发,结合在建的合六高速公路及周六高速公路路基工程,对皖中地区膨胀土进行了系统的室内试验研究,包括矿物成分、物化分析试验,基本物理性质试验,强度特性试验,击实特性试验等,对皖中地区膨胀土的矿物成分、基本物理性质、强度特性、胀缩性等几方面的性质进行了详尽的论述。
对几个常用的表征膨胀土胀缩机理的指标如自由膨胀率、液塑限、塑性指数、标准吸湿含水量、胶粒含量等进行了系统的研究和探讨,并结合统计学理论,对以上指标的灵敏性进行了分析,研究发现,塑性指数这个指标对膨胀土判别分类结果影响最大。
对自由膨胀率的试验方法和指标合理性进行了深入研究:试验方法中,重点研究了土样制备对自由膨胀率的影响,通过试验分析研究,指出了自由膨胀率试验中存在的缺陷,并建议了合理的试验方法;利用推荐的试验方法,对皖中地区膨胀土进行了大量的试验,研究了指标反映膨胀土本质的程度,研究了该指标与其他指标的相关性,研究了皖中地区自由膨胀率特性,研究了自由膨胀率的分类特征,通过与反映本质特征的指标蒙脱石含量、塑性指数等的对比,发现现行规范推荐的分类标准对皖中地区膨胀土判别分类不适用,建议了合理的分类标准,并对分类标准进行了合理性验证。
对于新公路规范推荐的指标——标准吸湿含水量,简单阐述了其物理意义和试验方法,研究了指标反映膨胀土本质程度,研究了该指标与其他间接性判别指标的相关性,研究了皖中地区标准吸湿含水量特性,研究了标准吸湿含水量的统计特征和分类特征,通过与反映本质特征的指标蒙脱石含量、塑性指数等的对比,发现规范推荐的分类标准对皖中地区膨胀土判别和分类不适用,建议了合理的分类标准,并对分类标准进行了合理性验证。
引进了一个新的膨胀土判别指标——自由膨胀比,它是10g烘干土样在分别盛有蒸馏水和柴油(或CCl4)的标准量筒(通常为50 mL)中沉积稳定时的体积之比。阐述了该指标的物理意义、优点等,利用采集土样,通过与反映本质的蒙脱石含量、比表面积、阳离子交换量的相关性分析以及与自由膨胀率、塑性指数、液限、标准吸湿含水量等间接性判别指标的相关性分析及其他对比分析,对新指标的合理性进行了验证。结合自由膨胀率试验方法中周期短、易操作等优点,建议了合理的试验方法;推荐了自由膨胀比的分类标准,并初步验证了其合理性。
建议了一种新的统计学判别分类方法——Fisher判别分析方法。将蒙脱石含量作为控制
Theselectionofindicesandmethodsforidentificationandclassificationofexpansivesoilshasmuch influence on formulating the engineering measures, therefore, choosing reasonable indicesand methods to identify and classify expansive soils is most important. Setting out from above twoaspects and relying on the subgrade projects of HeFei-LiuAn expressway and ZhouJi-LiuAnexpressway, systematical laboratory tests have been carried on including basic physical tests,physico-chemical and mineral component analysis tests, compaction and mechanics tests etc. Thecharacteristicsofmineralcomponent,strength,basicphysicalproperties,swelling-shrinkagebehaviorofexpansivesoilsinmiddlezoneofAnHuiProvinceareexpoundedindetail.
Several commonusedindicesthatcancharacterizeswelling-shrinkagemechanismsuchasfreeswelling ratio, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, standard absorbent water content, colloidparticle content are studied and discussed. Integrating the above informations with statistics theory,the sensitivity of the indices is analyzed and results show that plastic index influences results ofidentificationandclassificationmostly.
Studies are conducted on test methods and rationalityof free swelling ratio. The influences ofsoilsamplepreparingon thetestresultarediscussedemphatically,several problemsintestmethodsare pointed out and a suitable method is recommended. Alarge number of free swelling ratio testsbased on the above method are carried out, and to a what extent the index reflecting swelling, therelationship between the index and swelling, the characteristics of free swelling ratio and thecharacteristics of classification for expansive soil in Middle zone of AnHui Province are studied.Compared with montmorillonite content and plastic index, the norm suggested in Standard JTGD30-2004 doesn’t fit identification and classification of expansive soil in Middle zone of AnHuiProvince.Asuitablenormissuggestedanditsrationalityisverifiedbasedoncollectedsoilsamples.
Regarding the new index suggested in Standard JTG D30-2004—standard absorbent watercontent, its physical significance and test method is expounded briefly, a large scale of standardabsorbent water content tests are carried out and to a what extent the index reflecting swelling, therelationship between the index and swelling,free swellinig ratio characteristics and thecharacteristics of classifying for expansive soils in Middle zone of AnHui Province are studied.Comparision with montmorillonite content and plastic index, the norm suggested in Standard JTGD30-2004 doesn’t fit identification and classification of expansive soils in Middle zone of AnHuiProvince. A suitable norm is suggested and the rationality is verified based on collected soilsamples.
A new index is introduced—relative free swelling ratio firstly suggested by Indian scientistsPrakash and Sridharan, which is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium sediment volume of 10 goven dried soil in distilled water to that in coal soil(or CCl4). The significance and advantanges ofthe index are described. Relative free swellingratio and physical and mechanics properties tests areconducted systematically. It can be found out that when comparing to free swelling ratio, relativefree swelling ratio shows better correlation with cation exchange capacity, specific surface and
对几个常用的表征膨胀土胀缩机理的指标如自由膨胀率、液塑限、塑性指数、标准吸湿含水量、胶粒含量等进行了系统的研究和探讨,并结合统计学理论,对以上指标的灵敏性进行了分析,研究发现,塑性指数这个指标对膨胀土判别分类结果影响最大。
对自由膨胀率的试验方法和指标合理性进行了深入研究:试验方法中,重点研究了土样制备对自由膨胀率的影响,通过试验分析研究,指出了自由膨胀率试验中存在的缺陷,并建议了合理的试验方法;利用推荐的试验方法,对皖中地区膨胀土进行了大量的试验,研究了指标反映膨胀土本质的程度,研究了该指标与其他指标的相关性,研究了皖中地区自由膨胀率特性,研究了自由膨胀率的分类特征,通过与反映本质特征的指标蒙脱石含量、塑性指数等的对比,发现现行规范推荐的分类标准对皖中地区膨胀土判别分类不适用,建议了合理的分类标准,并对分类标准进行了合理性验证。
对于新公路规范推荐的指标——标准吸湿含水量,简单阐述了其物理意义和试验方法,研究了指标反映膨胀土本质程度,研究了该指标与其他间接性判别指标的相关性,研究了皖中地区标准吸湿含水量特性,研究了标准吸湿含水量的统计特征和分类特征,通过与反映本质特征的指标蒙脱石含量、塑性指数等的对比,发现规范推荐的分类标准对皖中地区膨胀土判别和分类不适用,建议了合理的分类标准,并对分类标准进行了合理性验证。
引进了一个新的膨胀土判别指标——自由膨胀比,它是10g烘干土样在分别盛有蒸馏水和柴油(或CCl4)的标准量筒(通常为50 mL)中沉积稳定时的体积之比。阐述了该指标的物理意义、优点等,利用采集土样,通过与反映本质的蒙脱石含量、比表面积、阳离子交换量的相关性分析以及与自由膨胀率、塑性指数、液限、标准吸湿含水量等间接性判别指标的相关性分析及其他对比分析,对新指标的合理性进行了验证。结合自由膨胀率试验方法中周期短、易操作等优点,建议了合理的试验方法;推荐了自由膨胀比的分类标准,并初步验证了其合理性。
建议了一种新的统计学判别分类方法——Fisher判别分析方法。将蒙脱石含量作为控制
Theselectionofindicesandmethodsforidentificationandclassificationofexpansivesoilshasmuch influence on formulating the engineering measures, therefore, choosing reasonable indicesand methods to identify and classify expansive soils is most important. Setting out from above twoaspects and relying on the subgrade projects of HeFei-LiuAn expressway and ZhouJi-LiuAnexpressway, systematical laboratory tests have been carried on including basic physical tests,physico-chemical and mineral component analysis tests, compaction and mechanics tests etc. Thecharacteristicsofmineralcomponent,strength,basicphysicalproperties,swelling-shrinkagebehaviorofexpansivesoilsinmiddlezoneofAnHuiProvinceareexpoundedindetail.
Several commonusedindicesthatcancharacterizeswelling-shrinkagemechanismsuchasfreeswelling ratio, liquid limit, plastic limit, plastic index, standard absorbent water content, colloidparticle content are studied and discussed. Integrating the above informations with statistics theory,the sensitivity of the indices is analyzed and results show that plastic index influences results ofidentificationandclassificationmostly.
Studies are conducted on test methods and rationalityof free swelling ratio. The influences ofsoilsamplepreparingon thetestresultarediscussedemphatically,several problemsintestmethodsare pointed out and a suitable method is recommended. Alarge number of free swelling ratio testsbased on the above method are carried out, and to a what extent the index reflecting swelling, therelationship between the index and swelling, the characteristics of free swelling ratio and thecharacteristics of classification for expansive soil in Middle zone of AnHui Province are studied.Compared with montmorillonite content and plastic index, the norm suggested in Standard JTGD30-2004 doesn’t fit identification and classification of expansive soil in Middle zone of AnHuiProvince.Asuitablenormissuggestedanditsrationalityisverifiedbasedoncollectedsoilsamples.
Regarding the new index suggested in Standard JTG D30-2004—standard absorbent watercontent, its physical significance and test method is expounded briefly, a large scale of standardabsorbent water content tests are carried out and to a what extent the index reflecting swelling, therelationship between the index and swelling,free swellinig ratio characteristics and thecharacteristics of classifying for expansive soils in Middle zone of AnHui Province are studied.Comparision with montmorillonite content and plastic index, the norm suggested in Standard JTGD30-2004 doesn’t fit identification and classification of expansive soils in Middle zone of AnHuiProvince. A suitable norm is suggested and the rationality is verified based on collected soilsamples.
A new index is introduced—relative free swelling ratio firstly suggested by Indian scientistsPrakash and Sridharan, which is defined as the ratio of the equilibrium sediment volume of 10 goven dried soil in distilled water to that in coal soil(or CCl4). The significance and advantanges ofthe index are described. Relative free swellingratio and physical and mechanics properties tests areconducted systematically. It can be found out that when comparing to free swelling ratio, relativefree swelling ratio shows better correlation with cation exchange capacity, specific surface and
引文
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