CLAM钢焊接温度场与应力场的三维数值模拟
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摘要
中国低活化马氏体钢—CLAM(China Low Activation Martensitic steel)是中科院等离子体物理研究所与国内外多家单位合作下发展的具有中国自主知识产权的低活化马氏体钢,是我国ITER(International Thermonuclear ExperimentalReactor)实验包层模块研究的首选结构材料。CLAM钢的焊接工艺和焊接技术关系到TBM(test blanket modules)能否最终成功制造,是CLAM钢走向实际应用的关键技术之一。目前,我国已经开展了对CLAM钢热等静压扩散焊接的初步研究,为了适应聚变堆包层模块制造的发展需求,其它焊接工艺如激光焊、氩弧焊、电子束焊以及焊接的热模拟分析等研究工作显得尤为重要和紧迫。本文正是基于这一背景下,采用有限元分析和实验相结合的方法对CLAM钢TIG焊焊接温度场及应力应变场进行了初步研究。
本文应用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了平板对接单面双层焊三维有限元数学模型,并利用生死单元和APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)参数化语言实现了焊接热源的移动加载,焊缝金属逐步填充的动态模拟及参数化建模过程。对CLAM钢焊接过程的温度场、焊后残余应力与变形情况进行了模拟分析。探讨了不同时刻,不同工艺参数下焊件的温度分布,焊件不同位置在焊接过程中经历的焊接热循环以及焊接熔池动态变化过程;对预热和未预热样件焊后焊缝区域的显微组织和硬度进行了对比分析;利用红外测温技术对温度场模拟结果进行了实验验证,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的有效性;在不考虑相变情况下分析了焊后残余应力沿路径的分布及焊后变形情况,为CLAM钢TIG焊的下一步模拟研究工作打下基础。
China Low Activation Martensitic steel—CLAM steel is being developed in Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Science, under wide collaboration with many other domestic and foreign institutes and universities,and is considered as the primary candidate structural material for test blanket modules of ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) project.CLAM steel welding procedure and Welding Techniques are related to whether TBM(test blanket modules) production will success finally and which are also one of the key technologies that CLAM steel trend towards practical applications.At present,primary study on hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding has been carried out in china,in order to satisfy the requirements of fusion reactors blanket module development,the other welding process such as laser welding,argon arc welding,electron beam welding and the welding thermal simulation technique are especially important and urgent.Based on this background,the paper had the preliminary study tempreture field, stress and strain fields of CLAM TIG welding by combining finite element analysis with text method.
Three dimensional finite element numerical model of two-pass welding by one side under butt joint condition was established using FEA software—ANSYS.Dynamic simulation of the moving of the welding heat source,the filling of welding material step by step and Parametric Modeling were realized by using APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)and life-death element technique.Welding temperature field, welding residual stress distribution and structure distortion problem after welding were simulated and analyzed.The temperature distribution on conditions of different time and process parameters;the heat recycle of different position and the dynamic change process of weld pool were discussed;analyzed the microstructures and micro hardness of the weld seam;simulative results of temperature field are verified by infrared temperature measurement and the simulating results approximately agree with the experimental results,it proved the validity of the model;the paper also analyzed welding residual stress distribution along the paths and structure distortion problem after welding taking no account of the phase transition,the study laid a foundation for futher simulation research work of CLAM TIG welding.
本文应用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立了平板对接单面双层焊三维有限元数学模型,并利用生死单元和APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)参数化语言实现了焊接热源的移动加载,焊缝金属逐步填充的动态模拟及参数化建模过程。对CLAM钢焊接过程的温度场、焊后残余应力与变形情况进行了模拟分析。探讨了不同时刻,不同工艺参数下焊件的温度分布,焊件不同位置在焊接过程中经历的焊接热循环以及焊接熔池动态变化过程;对预热和未预热样件焊后焊缝区域的显微组织和硬度进行了对比分析;利用红外测温技术对温度场模拟结果进行了实验验证,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了模型的有效性;在不考虑相变情况下分析了焊后残余应力沿路径的分布及焊后变形情况,为CLAM钢TIG焊的下一步模拟研究工作打下基础。
China Low Activation Martensitic steel—CLAM steel is being developed in Institute of Plasma Physics,Chinese Academy of Science, under wide collaboration with many other domestic and foreign institutes and universities,and is considered as the primary candidate structural material for test blanket modules of ITER(International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) project.CLAM steel welding procedure and Welding Techniques are related to whether TBM(test blanket modules) production will success finally and which are also one of the key technologies that CLAM steel trend towards practical applications.At present,primary study on hot isostatic pressing diffusion welding has been carried out in china,in order to satisfy the requirements of fusion reactors blanket module development,the other welding process such as laser welding,argon arc welding,electron beam welding and the welding thermal simulation technique are especially important and urgent.Based on this background,the paper had the preliminary study tempreture field, stress and strain fields of CLAM TIG welding by combining finite element analysis with text method.
Three dimensional finite element numerical model of two-pass welding by one side under butt joint condition was established using FEA software—ANSYS.Dynamic simulation of the moving of the welding heat source,the filling of welding material step by step and Parametric Modeling were realized by using APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)and life-death element technique.Welding temperature field, welding residual stress distribution and structure distortion problem after welding were simulated and analyzed.The temperature distribution on conditions of different time and process parameters;the heat recycle of different position and the dynamic change process of weld pool were discussed;analyzed the microstructures and micro hardness of the weld seam;simulative results of temperature field are verified by infrared temperature measurement and the simulating results approximately agree with the experimental results,it proved the validity of the model;the paper also analyzed welding residual stress distribution along the paths and structure distortion problem after welding taking no account of the phase transition,the study laid a foundation for futher simulation research work of CLAM TIG welding.
引文
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[22]S.W.Wen,P.HILTON,D.C.J.Farrugia.Modelling of a submerged Arc Welding Process[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2001,119:203-209
[23]陈楚,汪建华,杨洪庆.非线性焊接热传导的有限元分析和计算[J].焊接学报,1983(3):139-148
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[28]武传松,L.Dorn.熔滴冲击力对MIG焊接熔池表面形状的影响[J].金属学报,1997,33(7):774-780
[29]J.H.Wang.Improvement in Numerical Accuracy and Stability of 3-D TEM Analysis in Welding[J].Welding Journal,1996,75(4):129-134
[30]J.H.Wang,H.Lu,Murakawa Hidekazu.An TEM model of bucking distortion during welding of thin plate[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1999,E-4(2):69-72
[31]蔡洪能,唐慕尧.TIG焊温度场的有限元分析[J].机械工程学报,1996,32(2):34-39
[32]Yueda.Analysis of elasric-palastic stress and stain dring welding[J].Trans.Japan Welding Soc,1971,2(2):90-94
[33]莫春立,钱百年,国旭名等.焊接热源计算模式的研究进展[J].焊接学报,2001,22(3):93-96
[34]Daehn,Glenn,S,Anderson,peter.M.Tempreture change induced plasticity in metal matrix composites[J].Effect of reinforcement morphology,Scripta Metallurgica et materialia,1991,25(10):2279-2284
[35]K.S.Alfredsson,B.L.Josefson.Harmonic Response of a Spot Welded Box Beam-Influence of Welding Rsidual Stresses and Deformations[J].IUTAM Symposium on the Mechanical Effects of Weldimg,1991,6:1-8
[36]Bruneau,Michel,Mahin,et al.Ultimate behavior of heavy steel section welded splices and design implications[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116(8),2214-2235
[37]Cho Y.W.,OhY.J.,et al.Numerical analysis of molten metal shape in cold crucibles by 3D FEM[J].Modelling and simulation in materials Science and Engineering,1996,4(1):11-22
[38]Cho Y.WL.Karlon.Thermal stress in welding[M].Thermal Stresses Ⅰ,North-Holland,Amsterdam,Chapter5,1986:229-389
[39]楼志文等.瞬态温度场和热弹塑性场的有限元分析[J].西安交通大学学报1981,15(6):1-8
[40]汪建华,戚新海,钟晓敏.焊接结构三维热变形的有限元模拟[J].上海交通大学学报1994,28(6):59-65
[41]汪建华.管板接头三维焊接变形的数值模拟[J].焊接学报,1995,16(3):140-145
[42]汪建华.压缩机变形的三维数值模拟[J]_机械工程学报,1996,32(1):85-91
[43]梁陈剑.远程焊接数值模拟系统的研究[D].清华大学硕士学位论文,2002
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