LED光质（R/B）处理对甘薯组培苗品质及节能效果的影响
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摘要
植物组织培养作为一种短时间内获得大量同品质种苗的快速繁育技术,目前已经成为遗传育种、种质资源保护和脱毒快繁的重要手段。传统组培所采用的人工光源荧光灯不仅散热量大,电能利用率低,而且还有明显的组培苗徒长现象,新型节能光源的研究极为迫切。
有明显的促使组培苗徒长的作用,并且散热多,不仅增加了空调的耗电量,还降低了灯具的电能利用率,增大耗电量。
本文针对植物组培光源荧光灯发热量大、光源光量子效率低和使用寿命相对较短的缺点,设计了一套由红色LED(660nm、637nm)和蓝色LED(460nm、450nm)灯管组合而成的组培光源;针对LED光源价格问题,采用将红色LED灯管和荧光灯结合的方法,构建了一套组培光源系统;研究了以上LED光源及其组合对甘薯组培苗的品质的影响,并对各光源组合进行了经济性评价。主要得到以下结论:
1. LED灯管的物理光学性能特性比荧光灯更省电、更有效。满负荷下光照度范围可达201.8~246.9μmol·m-2·s-1;可调光质范围为2.2~9.4;LED灯管均匀度为0.94~0.95,比荧光灯提高了13%;光照度和功率都与占空比呈线性关系,完全可以通过调节占空比达到调节光照度的目的;
2. 660nm红光LED和450nm蓝光LED灯管组合中,R/B=8为适宜的光质比;637nm红光LED和460nm蓝光LED灯管组合中,应设定R/B=10,此时根冠比、地下鲜重最大,地上部分和地下部分的相关性得到较好的协调,植株发育健壮;
3. 637nmLED灯管和荧光灯的组合光源(637F)是最佳光源组合方式。此时637F下生长的甘薯组培苗的各指标均显著优于荧光灯;株高和地上部干鲜重都显著优于纯红蓝(波峰分别为637nm和460nm)LED灯管;除地上鲜重以外的其他指标都没有与660nmLED灯管和荧光灯的组合光源(660F)下生长的甘薯组培苗表现出显著性差异。637F能同时促进地上部和根部生长。R/B=10是660F和637F的适宜光质比;
4.除660nm红光灯管+450nm蓝光灯管的组合外,其它3个LED组合的每层组培架的修正十年总费用已经低于荧光灯。尤其是637F的修正十年总费用低于荧光灯38.24%,大大降低LED灯管在组培领域的应用门槛。
Plant tissue culture is important means for inheritance, breeding, protection of germplasm resources, detoxification and rapid propagation, as a rapid propagation technology getting mass seedling in short time. The traditional artificial light of tissue culture is tubular fluorescent lamps (TFL), which can lead vain growth of tissue culture plantlets and release so much heat that electric energy consumption of air condition is increased.
A set of tissue culture light combinded with red LED tube (660nm, 637nm) and blue LED tube (460nm, 450nm) was designed to solve problems of large heat release, low photo active efficiency and short use life of TFL; a tissue culture light system was designed to reduce price of LED light by means of combining the red LED tube with TFL. Influence of the above LED tubes and the combination light on growth of sweet potato plantlets in vitro and cost accounting of LED combination lights were carried on. The main conclusions as follows:
1. The physical and optical responses of LED tubes were better than TFL. Range of light intensity of LED tubes was 201.8~246.9μmol·m-2·s-1;range of light quality was 2.2~9.4; uniform of LED tube was 0.94~0.95 and higher 13% than TFL; and light intensity and power of LED tube were linear with duty ratio, so the light intensity could be controlled by change the duty ratio;
2. Proper R/B of combination of 660nm red LED tubes and 450nm blue LED tubes was 8, and proper R/B of combination of 637nm red LED tubes and 460nm blue LED tubes was 10. Top-root ratio and root fresh weight were highest and relevance between shoot and root was balanced;
3. Combination of 637nm LED tubes and TFL (637F) was the best combination way. The sweet potato plantlets in vitro under 637F were better than there under TFL; significant difference were not showed in height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight compared with sweet potato plantlets in vitro under red and blue LED tubes; significant difference were not showed compared with sweet potato plantlets in vitro under combination of 660nm LED tubes and TFL (660F) expect shoot fresh weight. The 637F could promote both shoot growth and root growth. And proper R/B for 660F and 637F were 10;
4. All-in cost each layer of tissue culture light systems were lower than TFL expect the combination of 660nm red LED tubes and 450nm blue LED tubes. The all-in cost of 637F was lower 38.24% than TFL, and price of tissue culture LED light was reduced sharply.
有明显的促使组培苗徒长的作用,并且散热多,不仅增加了空调的耗电量,还降低了灯具的电能利用率,增大耗电量。
本文针对植物组培光源荧光灯发热量大、光源光量子效率低和使用寿命相对较短的缺点,设计了一套由红色LED(660nm、637nm)和蓝色LED(460nm、450nm)灯管组合而成的组培光源;针对LED光源价格问题,采用将红色LED灯管和荧光灯结合的方法,构建了一套组培光源系统;研究了以上LED光源及其组合对甘薯组培苗的品质的影响,并对各光源组合进行了经济性评价。主要得到以下结论:
1. LED灯管的物理光学性能特性比荧光灯更省电、更有效。满负荷下光照度范围可达201.8~246.9μmol·m-2·s-1;可调光质范围为2.2~9.4;LED灯管均匀度为0.94~0.95,比荧光灯提高了13%;光照度和功率都与占空比呈线性关系,完全可以通过调节占空比达到调节光照度的目的;
2. 660nm红光LED和450nm蓝光LED灯管组合中,R/B=8为适宜的光质比;637nm红光LED和460nm蓝光LED灯管组合中,应设定R/B=10,此时根冠比、地下鲜重最大,地上部分和地下部分的相关性得到较好的协调,植株发育健壮;
3. 637nmLED灯管和荧光灯的组合光源(637F)是最佳光源组合方式。此时637F下生长的甘薯组培苗的各指标均显著优于荧光灯;株高和地上部干鲜重都显著优于纯红蓝(波峰分别为637nm和460nm)LED灯管;除地上鲜重以外的其他指标都没有与660nmLED灯管和荧光灯的组合光源(660F)下生长的甘薯组培苗表现出显著性差异。637F能同时促进地上部和根部生长。R/B=10是660F和637F的适宜光质比;
4.除660nm红光灯管+450nm蓝光灯管的组合外,其它3个LED组合的每层组培架的修正十年总费用已经低于荧光灯。尤其是637F的修正十年总费用低于荧光灯38.24%,大大降低LED灯管在组培领域的应用门槛。
Plant tissue culture is important means for inheritance, breeding, protection of germplasm resources, detoxification and rapid propagation, as a rapid propagation technology getting mass seedling in short time. The traditional artificial light of tissue culture is tubular fluorescent lamps (TFL), which can lead vain growth of tissue culture plantlets and release so much heat that electric energy consumption of air condition is increased.
A set of tissue culture light combinded with red LED tube (660nm, 637nm) and blue LED tube (460nm, 450nm) was designed to solve problems of large heat release, low photo active efficiency and short use life of TFL; a tissue culture light system was designed to reduce price of LED light by means of combining the red LED tube with TFL. Influence of the above LED tubes and the combination light on growth of sweet potato plantlets in vitro and cost accounting of LED combination lights were carried on. The main conclusions as follows:
1. The physical and optical responses of LED tubes were better than TFL. Range of light intensity of LED tubes was 201.8~246.9μmol·m-2·s-1;range of light quality was 2.2~9.4; uniform of LED tube was 0.94~0.95 and higher 13% than TFL; and light intensity and power of LED tube were linear with duty ratio, so the light intensity could be controlled by change the duty ratio;
2. Proper R/B of combination of 660nm red LED tubes and 450nm blue LED tubes was 8, and proper R/B of combination of 637nm red LED tubes and 460nm blue LED tubes was 10. Top-root ratio and root fresh weight were highest and relevance between shoot and root was balanced;
3. Combination of 637nm LED tubes and TFL (637F) was the best combination way. The sweet potato plantlets in vitro under 637F were better than there under TFL; significant difference were not showed in height, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight compared with sweet potato plantlets in vitro under red and blue LED tubes; significant difference were not showed compared with sweet potato plantlets in vitro under combination of 660nm LED tubes and TFL (660F) expect shoot fresh weight. The 637F could promote both shoot growth and root growth. And proper R/B for 660F and 637F were 10;
4. All-in cost each layer of tissue culture light systems were lower than TFL expect the combination of 660nm red LED tubes and 450nm blue LED tubes. The all-in cost of 637F was lower 38.24% than TFL, and price of tissue culture LED light was reduced sharply.
引文
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