汽车用蓄电池管理系统
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摘要
铅酸蓄电池是汽车的重要电源,当汽车的发电机发电不足时,汽车的起动,点火,照明等都需要蓄电池供电。当发电机输出的电压高于蓄电池端电压时,蓄电池被充电。而现在普遍采用的汽车用蓄电池的充电管理方式是对由6只蓄电池(每只2V)串联而成的12V蓄电池组整组进行充电管理。这种管理模式存在的问题是：忽略了各单只蓄电池之间内阻,容量,化学特性的差异,易使某些单只蓄电池在充电过程中发生过充,欠充等现象而过早损坏。另外,对于长期行驶在繁华市区、崎岖山路的车辆以及驾教练车等,经常在频繁变换工况下运行,发动机带动发电机也在高速和低速间频繁改变,当发电机的转速低到输出的电压低于蓄电池组的端电压12V时,将无法对整组蓄电池充电,致使蓄电池放电之后,无法及时充电或者充电量小于放电量,甚至长期处于只放电不充电的过放电状态,使得蓄电池更易受损。
针对管理模式问题,本论文采用获得国家发明专利的“蓄电池组分只同时均充技术”,以单只蓄电池端电压监测和充电控制为目标,以保证充电过程中蓄电池组中单只蓄电池容量和端电压的一致性。同时拓宽了充电条件,即只要发电机能够输出2V以上的电压即可进行充电。这种管理方法可以有效的延长蓄电池组的寿命。
本论文在掌握铅酸蓄电池充放电特性,分析国内外针对蓄电池充放电管理研究的基础上,设计了基于AT89S52单片机控制的汽车用蓄电池管理系统。着重介绍了系统原理及软硬件设计。硬件设计包括：单片机最小系统设计,数据采集系统设计以及控制输出模块设计等。软件设计包括：数据采集程序,数据显示程序,输出控制程序以及主程序。并进行印制电路板的设计和制作。并通过对比实验充分证明了本汽车用蓄电池管理系统在解决蓄电池不一致性问题上效果明显。
本论文的创新点：针对目前蓄电池管理系统只对整组蓄电池进行充电放电管理的弊端,提出了一种新的管理方法：蓄电池组分只同时均充管理。它既保证了蓄电池组中每只蓄电池均能“充满”,又能保证每只电池不会发生过充电及过放电情况,提高了电池组的使用寿命。将该管理系统应用于汽车的蓄电池上,尤其随着电动汽车或混合动力汽车等新能源汽车的上市,该方法将会有广阔的市场前景。
Lead-acid battery is important power of automobile,when the electric quantity is output by generator of automobile is deficiency, automobile need lead-acid battery power supply to starting, ignition, lighting and so on .when the voltage is output by generator of automobile higher voltage of battery,the battery is charged. The traditional way of automotive battery-storages that charge the whole battery- storages 12V,it is composed with 6 single batterys(every single is 2V).But this way neglected difference of internal resistance, capacity and chemical properties of battery- storages, using this kind of way, battery- storages will bring about over charge electricity, charge not enough or over turn on electricity and damage early.And for some automobile long-term driving in the downtown area, ruggedness mountain pass and practice automobile of driving school and so on, working condition is frequent change, generator of automobile frequent change in high speed and low speed .when the voltage is output by generator of automobile lower voltage of battery,the battery can not be charged. Leading to after battery discharged can not be charged timely, even the battery long-term in the lack electricity state.This lead to seriously damaged the battery.
In view of this problem, this paper adopt the technique of chargeing the single battery- storage at the same time got national patent.with the single a storage battery carries the electric voltage monitors with refresh the control for target,to guarantee each a battery- storage capacity consist with the electric voltage. And to widen condition of charging, that is 2V voltage is output by generator of automobile enough to charge. To prolong its service life.
On base of analyzing the research of charging and discharging methods and the method of charging and discharging of battery at domestic and abroad.Designing an system of charging automotive battery-storages based on AT89S52 microcomputer. And emphatically introduces the system principles and designs of software and hardware. Designing of hardware includes:designing of microcomputer smallest system, designing of data collection system and designing of control output module and so on.And some designing of software includes:designing of data collection system program, designing of data display program ,designing of control output module program and main program.Designing and making of PCB are discussed.And by comparing experimental, speak volumes for the system of charging automotive battery-storages had obvious effect in solving inconsistency of battery.
Innovative point of this paper:aim at the present serious problem that charging engine and battery protective system only charge the whole group of battery, this paper brings forward a new method of uniform charging:chargeing the single battery- storage at the same time management system(BSMS) and design the intellectual average charging management system, which can assure that every battery in the group can be charged fully and every battery will not be overcharged and over discharged. The design perfects the capacity utilization of battery group and pulls off the life of battery.If this system of charging battery- storages is applied on battery- storages of the automotive, especially electric vehicle and mixed power vehicle, its marke-foreground will be very good.
针对管理模式问题,本论文采用获得国家发明专利的“蓄电池组分只同时均充技术”,以单只蓄电池端电压监测和充电控制为目标,以保证充电过程中蓄电池组中单只蓄电池容量和端电压的一致性。同时拓宽了充电条件,即只要发电机能够输出2V以上的电压即可进行充电。这种管理方法可以有效的延长蓄电池组的寿命。
本论文在掌握铅酸蓄电池充放电特性,分析国内外针对蓄电池充放电管理研究的基础上,设计了基于AT89S52单片机控制的汽车用蓄电池管理系统。着重介绍了系统原理及软硬件设计。硬件设计包括：单片机最小系统设计,数据采集系统设计以及控制输出模块设计等。软件设计包括：数据采集程序,数据显示程序,输出控制程序以及主程序。并进行印制电路板的设计和制作。并通过对比实验充分证明了本汽车用蓄电池管理系统在解决蓄电池不一致性问题上效果明显。
本论文的创新点：针对目前蓄电池管理系统只对整组蓄电池进行充电放电管理的弊端,提出了一种新的管理方法：蓄电池组分只同时均充管理。它既保证了蓄电池组中每只蓄电池均能“充满”,又能保证每只电池不会发生过充电及过放电情况,提高了电池组的使用寿命。将该管理系统应用于汽车的蓄电池上,尤其随着电动汽车或混合动力汽车等新能源汽车的上市,该方法将会有广阔的市场前景。
Lead-acid battery is important power of automobile,when the electric quantity is output by generator of automobile is deficiency, automobile need lead-acid battery power supply to starting, ignition, lighting and so on .when the voltage is output by generator of automobile higher voltage of battery,the battery is charged. The traditional way of automotive battery-storages that charge the whole battery- storages 12V,it is composed with 6 single batterys(every single is 2V).But this way neglected difference of internal resistance, capacity and chemical properties of battery- storages, using this kind of way, battery- storages will bring about over charge electricity, charge not enough or over turn on electricity and damage early.And for some automobile long-term driving in the downtown area, ruggedness mountain pass and practice automobile of driving school and so on, working condition is frequent change, generator of automobile frequent change in high speed and low speed .when the voltage is output by generator of automobile lower voltage of battery,the battery can not be charged. Leading to after battery discharged can not be charged timely, even the battery long-term in the lack electricity state.This lead to seriously damaged the battery.
In view of this problem, this paper adopt the technique of chargeing the single battery- storage at the same time got national patent.with the single a storage battery carries the electric voltage monitors with refresh the control for target,to guarantee each a battery- storage capacity consist with the electric voltage. And to widen condition of charging, that is 2V voltage is output by generator of automobile enough to charge. To prolong its service life.
On base of analyzing the research of charging and discharging methods and the method of charging and discharging of battery at domestic and abroad.Designing an system of charging automotive battery-storages based on AT89S52 microcomputer. And emphatically introduces the system principles and designs of software and hardware. Designing of hardware includes:designing of microcomputer smallest system, designing of data collection system and designing of control output module and so on.And some designing of software includes:designing of data collection system program, designing of data display program ,designing of control output module program and main program.Designing and making of PCB are discussed.And by comparing experimental, speak volumes for the system of charging automotive battery-storages had obvious effect in solving inconsistency of battery.
Innovative point of this paper:aim at the present serious problem that charging engine and battery protective system only charge the whole group of battery, this paper brings forward a new method of uniform charging:chargeing the single battery- storage at the same time management system(BSMS) and design the intellectual average charging management system, which can assure that every battery in the group can be charged fully and every battery will not be overcharged and over discharged. The design perfects the capacity utilization of battery group and pulls off the life of battery.If this system of charging battery- storages is applied on battery- storages of the automotive, especially electric vehicle and mixed power vehicle, its marke-foreground will be very good.
引文
[1]邱望标,邱志远.蓄电池组均充管理系统的关键技术[J],会议期刊,2006年6月
[2]周志敏,周纪海等.充电器电路设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出板社,2005
[3]陈家瑞.汽车构造上册[M].北京：机械工业出板社,2000
[4]杨继光,马丽娟,陈巍.电池技术的发展及展望.宁夏工程技术,2003.8
[5]陈胜洋,武立军,李红.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的现状与前景电池,2003,33：190-192
[6]汪海霞等.电力系统用阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的选择和应用.中国电力出板社.2001,102-130
[7]胡信国,童一波,毛贤仙.阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的最新发展,蓄电池,2001.4
[8]DerekLidow博士,未来十年内电源的变革,电子产品世界,2005.2
[9]《电信技术》杂志社.通信电源维护管理经验荟萃.北京：人民邮电出板社.2006.3,175-213
[10]张胜永.阀控铅酸蓄电池的实践与探索.电池工业,2002.10
[11]于同双.铅酸蓄电池行业现状分析及对策,蓄电池,1999.4
[12]陈杰.智能铅酸蓄电池组性能的监控系统.机电工程,2005.6
[13]唐明明.蓄电池组智能充放电系统及其集群控制.武汉大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.5
[14]《电信技术》杂志社.通信电源维护管理经验荟萃.北京：人民邮电出板社.2006.3,175-213
[15]麻有良,陈全世.铅酸电池的不一致性与均衡充电的研究.武汉科技大学学报,2001,24(1)：48-51
[16]郑贵林,李金召.一种新型直流屏蓄电池监控系统.电力自动化设备,2005.1
[17]张磊.基于EVHEV的蓄电池均衡技术的研究.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.12
[18]颜儒芬.通信电源系统的蓄电池维护方案及探讨.电子质量,2005.6
[19]万国龙.虚拟蓄电池测试系统.电子器件,2003.3
[20]许会,车新生.蓄电池测试系统单片机数据采集记录系统.电源技术,1994.6
[21]鲍慧.蓄电池运行监测与诊断系统.电力系统自动化,2004.7
[22]王伟.铅酸蓄电池管理系统实现的软硬件研究.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文, 2005.3
[23]潘尚智.阀控式铅酸蓄电池管理系统.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文,2001.3月
[24]张磊.基于EVHEV的蓄电池均衡技术的研究.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.12
[25]肖建.电池在线检测系统研究与设计.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.11
[26]张家友.串联蓄电池组充电均衡系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2006.4
[27]匡石.多路巡检控制仪的研制.沈阳工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2003.6
[28]张胜永.阀控铅酸蓄电池的实践与探索.电池工业,2002.10
[29]邱望标.基于分只均充的免维护电池容量选择.贵州工业大学学报,1998.10
[30]陈红雨,吴玲,任超.从欧洲蓄电池会议看国外铅酸蓄电池的研究动态.蓄电池,2000.6
[31]杨凌.中国铅酸蓄电池行业的发展及趋势.世界有色金属,1999.11
[32]郝文化Protel DXP电路原理图与PCB设计.北京：机械工业出板社,2004.3
[33]黄威.铅酸蓄电池组串联放电均衡控制实验研究[D]：[学位论文].长沙理工大学,2005.
[34]邱志远.蓄电池组智能分只均充控制系统研究及应用[D]：[学位论文].贵州大学,2007.
[35]刘全忠.电子技术[M].北京：高等教育出板社,1999
[36]Kiartzis, S.J, Bakirtzis, A.G, Theocharis, J.B, Tsagas, Gr. Fuzzy expert system for peak load forecasting. Application to the Greek power system. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference-MELECON, v 3,2000, p 1097-1100.
[37]Chiasson J.N., Tolbert L.M., McKenzie K.J., Zhong Du. A unified approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations in multilevel converters, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 19, Issue:2, March 2004, Pages:478-490
[38]Poulin.J, Heron.R, Mailloux.D.Expert management system for VRLA batteries in remote telecommunications centers.International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Proceedings),1994, p 497-504.
[39]Yuang-Shung Lee, Ming-Wang Chen. Ko-Lin Hsu, Jiun-Yi Du, Ching-Fang Chuang. Cell equalization scheme with energy transferring capacitance for series connected battery strings. In:TENCON '02. Proceedings.2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Volume:3,28-31 Oct.2002, Pages:2042·2045 vol.3
[40]Michael.J.Pont. Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems-Building reliable applications with the 8051 family of microcontrollers. The US:Addison Wesley Press.2004.6, p96-120
[41]Mills, John A. Application of a battery monitoring system to VRLA batteries for a Santa Barbara bus. Proceedings of the Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances,1998; p 187-190.
[42]Kiyokawa.I, Niida. K. Tsujikawa. T, Motozu.T. Integrated VRLA-battery management system. Telecommunications Energy Conference,2000.INTELEC.Twenty-second International, 2000, Page(s):703-706
[2]周志敏,周纪海等.充电器电路设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出板社,2005
[3]陈家瑞.汽车构造上册[M].北京：机械工业出板社,2000
[4]杨继光,马丽娟,陈巍.电池技术的发展及展望.宁夏工程技术,2003.8
[5]陈胜洋,武立军,李红.电动车用铅酸蓄电池的现状与前景电池,2003,33：190-192
[6]汪海霞等.电力系统用阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的选择和应用.中国电力出板社.2001,102-130
[7]胡信国,童一波,毛贤仙.阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池的最新发展,蓄电池,2001.4
[8]DerekLidow博士,未来十年内电源的变革,电子产品世界,2005.2
[9]《电信技术》杂志社.通信电源维护管理经验荟萃.北京：人民邮电出板社.2006.3,175-213
[10]张胜永.阀控铅酸蓄电池的实践与探索.电池工业,2002.10
[11]于同双.铅酸蓄电池行业现状分析及对策,蓄电池,1999.4
[12]陈杰.智能铅酸蓄电池组性能的监控系统.机电工程,2005.6
[13]唐明明.蓄电池组智能充放电系统及其集群控制.武汉大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.5
[14]《电信技术》杂志社.通信电源维护管理经验荟萃.北京：人民邮电出板社.2006.3,175-213
[15]麻有良,陈全世.铅酸电池的不一致性与均衡充电的研究.武汉科技大学学报,2001,24(1)：48-51
[16]郑贵林,李金召.一种新型直流屏蓄电池监控系统.电力自动化设备,2005.1
[17]张磊.基于EVHEV的蓄电池均衡技术的研究.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.12
[18]颜儒芬.通信电源系统的蓄电池维护方案及探讨.电子质量,2005.6
[19]万国龙.虚拟蓄电池测试系统.电子器件,2003.3
[20]许会,车新生.蓄电池测试系统单片机数据采集记录系统.电源技术,1994.6
[21]鲍慧.蓄电池运行监测与诊断系统.电力系统自动化,2004.7
[22]王伟.铅酸蓄电池管理系统实现的软硬件研究.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文, 2005.3
[23]潘尚智.阀控式铅酸蓄电池管理系统.浙江大学硕士研究生学位论文,2001.3月
[24]张磊.基于EVHEV的蓄电池均衡技术的研究.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.12
[25]肖建.电池在线检测系统研究与设计.天津大学硕士研究生学位论文,2004.11
[26]张家友.串联蓄电池组充电均衡系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2006.4
[27]匡石.多路巡检控制仪的研制.沈阳工业大学硕士研究生学位论文,2003.6
[28]张胜永.阀控铅酸蓄电池的实践与探索.电池工业,2002.10
[29]邱望标.基于分只均充的免维护电池容量选择.贵州工业大学学报,1998.10
[30]陈红雨,吴玲,任超.从欧洲蓄电池会议看国外铅酸蓄电池的研究动态.蓄电池,2000.6
[31]杨凌.中国铅酸蓄电池行业的发展及趋势.世界有色金属,1999.11
[32]郝文化Protel DXP电路原理图与PCB设计.北京：机械工业出板社,2004.3
[33]黄威.铅酸蓄电池组串联放电均衡控制实验研究[D]：[学位论文].长沙理工大学,2005.
[34]邱志远.蓄电池组智能分只均充控制系统研究及应用[D]：[学位论文].贵州大学,2007.
[35]刘全忠.电子技术[M].北京：高等教育出板社,1999
[36]Kiartzis, S.J, Bakirtzis, A.G, Theocharis, J.B, Tsagas, Gr. Fuzzy expert system for peak load forecasting. Application to the Greek power system. Proceedings of the Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference-MELECON, v 3,2000, p 1097-1100.
[37]Chiasson J.N., Tolbert L.M., McKenzie K.J., Zhong Du. A unified approach to solving the harmonic elimination equations in multilevel converters, Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Volume: 19, Issue:2, March 2004, Pages:478-490
[38]Poulin.J, Heron.R, Mailloux.D.Expert management system for VRLA batteries in remote telecommunications centers.International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Proceedings),1994, p 497-504.
[39]Yuang-Shung Lee, Ming-Wang Chen. Ko-Lin Hsu, Jiun-Yi Du, Ching-Fang Chuang. Cell equalization scheme with energy transferring capacitance for series connected battery strings. In:TENCON '02. Proceedings.2002 IEEE Region 10 Conference on Computers, Communications, Control and Power Engineering, Volume:3,28-31 Oct.2002, Pages:2042·2045 vol.3
[40]Michael.J.Pont. Patterns for Time-Triggered Embedded Systems-Building reliable applications with the 8051 family of microcontrollers. The US:Addison Wesley Press.2004.6, p96-120
[41]Mills, John A. Application of a battery monitoring system to VRLA batteries for a Santa Barbara bus. Proceedings of the Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances,1998; p 187-190.
[42]Kiyokawa.I, Niida. K. Tsujikawa. T, Motozu.T. Integrated VRLA-battery management system. Telecommunications Energy Conference,2000.INTELEC.Twenty-second International, 2000, Page(s):703-706