杆件损伤的试验与数值模拟研究
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摘要
结构损伤诊断是土木工程学科中的热点问题。工程实际有迫切的需求。杆件自身既是一种代表性的结构,也是构成大型复杂结构的基本单元。结构损伤大多表现在杆件和节点上。本文以杆件损伤识别为目标。采用模型试验,理论分析和数值模拟等手段展开较系统的研究。取得以下的成果:
(1)对钢直管模型进行了模态测试。应用模态测试数据证明了乐音准则和频率比法的有效性。
(2)分别采用扭簧模型、阶梯梁模型计算了钢直管模型的解析解,并同ANSYS数值模拟结果与实验实测值进行了对比。结果表明钢直管模型的解析解与试验实测值存在一定差别,但可以用来定性的判断数值模拟结果的有效性。数值模拟结果与实验实测值较接近,可以近似作为结构健康诊断基准,对结构损伤进行粗略的判断。
(3)提出了对于满足对称性的结构,可以应用对称信号法、乐音准则法和频率比法对结构进行健康诊断;对不满足对称性的结构可以将ANSYS数值模拟所得频率作为健康基准,结合乐音准则法和频率比法进行健康诊断。
Structural damage detection is one of the key topics in civil engineering. There is urgent demand in engineering practice. Straight bar is both one kind of representative structure and basic element of complex structure. Most of the structural damages appear in bars or joints. Damage detection method in straight bar is studied by modal test, theory analysis and numerical simulation. It can be concluded that:
(1) Systemic modal test was conducted on three straight steel bars. Music tone law method and frequency ratio method were proved to be effective for damage detection of this kind of specimens.
(2) Torsion spring model and general step beam model were used to simulate the steel model. Analytic solutions and numerical solution model of ANSYS were compared with the experimental results subjected to the two kinds of working condition. The results show that the analytical solution and test results do not agree well, but can be used to judge validity of numerical simulation results by qualitative. A comparison of experimental results with the ANSYS model simulation show good agreement, which can be used as a benchmark for the structural health diagnosis to identificate the damage situation of structure.
(3) Symmetrical signal method ,Musical tone law method and Frequency ratio method were proved to effective for symmetrical structure and for unsymmetrical structure, modal parameters derived from finite element method .can be regarded as the baseline for structures without damage; Damage can be detected by incorporating musical tone law method and frequency ratio method.
(1)对钢直管模型进行了模态测试。应用模态测试数据证明了乐音准则和频率比法的有效性。
(2)分别采用扭簧模型、阶梯梁模型计算了钢直管模型的解析解,并同ANSYS数值模拟结果与实验实测值进行了对比。结果表明钢直管模型的解析解与试验实测值存在一定差别,但可以用来定性的判断数值模拟结果的有效性。数值模拟结果与实验实测值较接近,可以近似作为结构健康诊断基准,对结构损伤进行粗略的判断。
(3)提出了对于满足对称性的结构,可以应用对称信号法、乐音准则法和频率比法对结构进行健康诊断;对不满足对称性的结构可以将ANSYS数值模拟所得频率作为健康基准,结合乐音准则法和频率比法进行健康诊断。
Structural damage detection is one of the key topics in civil engineering. There is urgent demand in engineering practice. Straight bar is both one kind of representative structure and basic element of complex structure. Most of the structural damages appear in bars or joints. Damage detection method in straight bar is studied by modal test, theory analysis and numerical simulation. It can be concluded that:
(1) Systemic modal test was conducted on three straight steel bars. Music tone law method and frequency ratio method were proved to be effective for damage detection of this kind of specimens.
(2) Torsion spring model and general step beam model were used to simulate the steel model. Analytic solutions and numerical solution model of ANSYS were compared with the experimental results subjected to the two kinds of working condition. The results show that the analytical solution and test results do not agree well, but can be used to judge validity of numerical simulation results by qualitative. A comparison of experimental results with the ANSYS model simulation show good agreement, which can be used as a benchmark for the structural health diagnosis to identificate the damage situation of structure.
(3) Symmetrical signal method ,Musical tone law method and Frequency ratio method were proved to effective for symmetrical structure and for unsymmetrical structure, modal parameters derived from finite element method .can be regarded as the baseline for structures without damage; Damage can be detected by incorporating musical tone law method and frequency ratio method.
引文
[1]崔飞,袁万城,史家钧.基于静态应变及位移测量的结构损伤识别法[J].同济大学学报, 2000,28(1):5-8.
[2]曹晖,张新亮,李英民.利用模态柔度曲率差识别框架的损伤[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(6):116-120.
[3]陈晗.动静结合法在钢桁架损伤诊断中的应用研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士论文,2007.
[4]郭艳芬.涪陵乌江二桥健康监测传感器优化布置研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士论文,2009.
[5]郭惠勇,李正良.基于测量位移和频率的结构损伤二次识别方法[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(4):94-96.
[6]郭迅.乐音准则法及其在结构损伤诊断中的应用研究[J].国家自然基金申请书,2009,7(3).
[7]何天宝.重庆涪陵石板沟长江大桥健康监测系统的研究与开发[D].重庆工商大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[8]黄勇.直管损伤识别若干问题的研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所博士论文,2008.
[9]韩大建,谢峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,18(6):69-73.
[10]韩大建,王文东.基于振动的结构损伤识别方法的近期研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):91-96.
[11]李爱群,丁幼亮,费国庆,繆长青.润扬大桥斜拉桥模态频率识别的环境变异性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(2):245-250.
[12]卢书楠.对称信号法及其在结构健康诊断中的应用研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2005.
[13]刘文峰,柳春图,应怀樵.通过频率改变率进行损伤定位的方法研究[J].振动与冲击,23(2):28-30.
[14]李周.人工神经网络与小波分析在梁式结构损伤识别中的应用研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[15]李徳葆.实验应变/应力模态分析若干问题的进展评述[J] .振动与冲击1996(15):13-18.
[16]齐怀展.基于模型修正的大跨斜拉桥损伤识别研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[17]秦权.桥梁结构的健康监测[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2):37-42.
[18]沈文浩,张森文等.基于试验模态振型的结构损伤检测参数比较[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):268-271.
[19]史治宇,张令弥,吕令毅.基于模态应变能诊断结构破损的修正方法[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,30(3):84-87.
[20]邬晓光,徐祖恩.大型桥梁健康监测动态及发展趋势[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(1):39-42.
[21]王玉珏,徐海涛.张吉刚.基于柔度法的损伤识别[J].四川建筑,27(1):133-134.
[22]王术新,姜哲.裂纹梁固有频率分析[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(4):30-33.
[23]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[24]薛松涛,钱宇音等.采用二阶频率灵敏度的损伤识别和试验[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(3):263-267.
[25]张启伟,范立础。利用动静力测量数据的桥梁结构损伤识别[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(5):528-532.
[26]赵玲,李爱群,基于结构测试的损伤诊断方法研究[J]。陈丽华。东南大学学报(自然科学版)。2003,33(5),610-612.
[27]朱永,符欲梅等.大佛寺长江大桥健康监测系统[J].土木工程学报,2005.,38(10):66-71.
[28]张德文,魏阜旋.模型修正与破损诊断[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[29]张煜.求变截面梁横向振动固有频率的状态变量法[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,30(1):6-10.
[30]周叮.一类变截面梁横向自由振动的精确解析解[J].振动与冲击,1996,15(3):12-15.
[31]张岱,刘书贤.变截面悬臂梁的有限元分析[J].山西建筑,2005,31(6):2-3.
[32] Adams R D. A Vibration Technique for Non-Destructively Assessing the Integrity of Structures [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1978, 20(2):93-100.
[33] Banan M R, Hjelmstad K D. Parameter estimation of structures from static response,I:computational aspects[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,1994,12 (11): 3243-3258.
[34] Bement M, Farrar C R. Issues for the application of statistical models in damage detection [A].18th International Modal Analysis Conference [c].San Antonio: SPIE,2000.1392-1398.
[35] Cawley P, Adams R D. The location of defects in structures from measurement natural frequencies[J].Journal of strain Analysis, 1979, 14(2):49-57.
[36] Doebling S W,Farrar C R. Compultation of Structural Flexbility for Bridge Health Monitoring Using Ambient Modal Data[C].Engineering Mechanics:Proceedings of 11th Conference, Lin Y K Su T C(eds),ASCE,New York,1996,2:1114-1116.
[37] Farrar C R,Jauregui D A.Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge:Experiment[J].Smart Material Structure, 1998,7(5):704-719.
[38] Friwell M I, Penny J E T, Willsonm D A L. Using vibration data and statistical measures to locate damage in structures, Int J Analysis and Experimental Modal Analysis ,1994,9(4):239-254.
[39] Fox C H J. The location of defects in structures: a comparison fo the use of natural frequency and mode shape data[A].In: Proceedings of the 10th International Modal Analysis Conference[C].San Diego, California, 1992.522-528.
[40] Fugate M L,Hoons S,Farrar C R.Unsupervised learning methods for vibration -based damage detection[A].18th International Modal Analysis Conference [C]. San Antonio:SPIE,2000,652-659.
[41] Gudmundson P. Eigenfrequency changes of structures due to cracks, notches or other geometrical changes.Journal of Mech.Phys.Solids,1982, 30(5):339-353.
[42] Hearn G,Testa R B.Modal analysis for damage detection in structures. Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE 1991,117(10):2042-3063.
[43] Ko J M, et al. Multi-stage Identification Scheme for Detecting Damage in Cable-stayed Kap Shui MunBridge[J].Engineering Structures, 2002,24: 857-868.
[44] Kaouk M, Zimmerman D C. Structural damage assessment using a generalized minimum rank perturbation theory[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(4):836-842.
[45] Law S S,Shi Z Y, Zhang L M. Structural damage detection from incomplete and noisy modal test data[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998, 124(11):1280-1288.
[46] Mayes R L. An Experimental Algorithm for Detecting Damage Applied to the I-40 Bridge over the Rio Grande[C].Proc.13th International Modal Analysis Conference, 1995:219-225.
[47] Messina A,Williams E J,Contursi T.Structural damage detection by a sensitivity and statistical-based method[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1998, 216 (5): 791-805.
[48] Ostnchowicz W M,Krawczuk M. Analysis of the Effect of Cracks on the Natural Frequencies of a Cantilever beam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 150(2): 191-201.
[49] Paney A K, Biswas M ,Samman M M. Damage detection from change in curvature mode shapes[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 145(2): 321-332.
[50] Pandey A K, Biswas M. Damage Detection in Structures Using Changes in Flexibility [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1994,169:3-17.
[51] Pandey A K.Experimental verification of flexibility difference method for locating damage in structures [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995,184(2): 311-328.
[52] Ratcliffe C P. Afrequency and curvature based experimental method for locating damage in structure[J].Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 2000,122(7):324-329.
[53] Shi Z Y, Law S S, Zhang L M. Structural damage localization from modal strain energy change[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,218 (5): 825-844.
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[2]曹晖,张新亮,李英民.利用模态柔度曲率差识别框架的损伤[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(6):116-120.
[3]陈晗.动静结合法在钢桁架损伤诊断中的应用研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士论文,2007.
[4]郭艳芬.涪陵乌江二桥健康监测传感器优化布置研究[D].重庆交通大学硕士论文,2009.
[5]郭惠勇,李正良.基于测量位移和频率的结构损伤二次识别方法[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(4):94-96.
[6]郭迅.乐音准则法及其在结构损伤诊断中的应用研究[J].国家自然基金申请书,2009,7(3).
[7]何天宝.重庆涪陵石板沟长江大桥健康监测系统的研究与开发[D].重庆工商大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[8]黄勇.直管损伤识别若干问题的研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所博士论文,2008.
[9]韩大建,谢峻.大跨度桥梁健康监测技术的近期研究进展[J].桥梁建设,2002,18(6):69-73.
[10]韩大建,王文东.基于振动的结构损伤识别方法的近期研究进展[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,31(1):91-96.
[11]李爱群,丁幼亮,费国庆,繆长青.润扬大桥斜拉桥模态频率识别的环境变异性[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(2):245-250.
[12]卢书楠.对称信号法及其在结构健康诊断中的应用研究[D].中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2005.
[13]刘文峰,柳春图,应怀樵.通过频率改变率进行损伤定位的方法研究[J].振动与冲击,23(2):28-30.
[14]李周.人工神经网络与小波分析在梁式结构损伤识别中的应用研究.西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[15]李徳葆.实验应变/应力模态分析若干问题的进展评述[J] .振动与冲击1996(15):13-18.
[16]齐怀展.基于模型修正的大跨斜拉桥损伤识别研究[D].天津大学硕士学位论文,2007.
[17]秦权.桥梁结构的健康监测[J].中国公路学报,2000,13(2):37-42.
[18]沈文浩,张森文等.基于试验模态振型的结构损伤检测参数比较[J].暨南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):268-271.
[19]史治宇,张令弥,吕令毅.基于模态应变能诊断结构破损的修正方法[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,30(3):84-87.
[20]邬晓光,徐祖恩.大型桥梁健康监测动态及发展趋势[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2003,23(1):39-42.
[21]王玉珏,徐海涛.张吉刚.基于柔度法的损伤识别[J].四川建筑,27(1):133-134.
[22]王术新,姜哲.裂纹梁固有频率分析[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(4):30-33.
[23]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.
[24]薛松涛,钱宇音等.采用二阶频率灵敏度的损伤识别和试验[J].同济大学学报,2003,31(3):263-267.
[25]张启伟,范立础。利用动静力测量数据的桥梁结构损伤识别[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(5):528-532.
[26]赵玲,李爱群,基于结构测试的损伤诊断方法研究[J]。陈丽华。东南大学学报(自然科学版)。2003,33(5),610-612.
[27]朱永,符欲梅等.大佛寺长江大桥健康监测系统[J].土木工程学报,2005.,38(10):66-71.
[28]张德文,魏阜旋.模型修正与破损诊断[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[29]张煜.求变截面梁横向振动固有频率的状态变量法[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2001,30(1):6-10.
[30]周叮.一类变截面梁横向自由振动的精确解析解[J].振动与冲击,1996,15(3):12-15.
[31]张岱,刘书贤.变截面悬臂梁的有限元分析[J].山西建筑,2005,31(6):2-3.
[32] Adams R D. A Vibration Technique for Non-Destructively Assessing the Integrity of Structures [J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1978, 20(2):93-100.
[33] Banan M R, Hjelmstad K D. Parameter estimation of structures from static response,I:computational aspects[J].Journalof Structural Engineering,1994,12 (11): 3243-3258.
[34] Bement M, Farrar C R. Issues for the application of statistical models in damage detection [A].18th International Modal Analysis Conference [c].San Antonio: SPIE,2000.1392-1398.
[35] Cawley P, Adams R D. The location of defects in structures from measurement natural frequencies[J].Journal of strain Analysis, 1979, 14(2):49-57.
[36] Doebling S W,Farrar C R. Compultation of Structural Flexbility for Bridge Health Monitoring Using Ambient Modal Data[C].Engineering Mechanics:Proceedings of 11th Conference, Lin Y K Su T C(eds),ASCE,New York,1996,2:1114-1116.
[37] Farrar C R,Jauregui D A.Comparative study of damage identification algorithms applied to a bridge:Experiment[J].Smart Material Structure, 1998,7(5):704-719.
[38] Friwell M I, Penny J E T, Willsonm D A L. Using vibration data and statistical measures to locate damage in structures, Int J Analysis and Experimental Modal Analysis ,1994,9(4):239-254.
[39] Fox C H J. The location of defects in structures: a comparison fo the use of natural frequency and mode shape data[A].In: Proceedings of the 10th International Modal Analysis Conference[C].San Diego, California, 1992.522-528.
[40] Fugate M L,Hoons S,Farrar C R.Unsupervised learning methods for vibration -based damage detection[A].18th International Modal Analysis Conference [C]. San Antonio:SPIE,2000,652-659.
[41] Gudmundson P. Eigenfrequency changes of structures due to cracks, notches or other geometrical changes.Journal of Mech.Phys.Solids,1982, 30(5):339-353.
[42] Hearn G,Testa R B.Modal analysis for damage detection in structures. Journal of Structural Engineering. ASCE 1991,117(10):2042-3063.
[43] Ko J M, et al. Multi-stage Identification Scheme for Detecting Damage in Cable-stayed Kap Shui MunBridge[J].Engineering Structures, 2002,24: 857-868.
[44] Kaouk M, Zimmerman D C. Structural damage assessment using a generalized minimum rank perturbation theory[J]. AIAA Journal,1994,32(4):836-842.
[45] Law S S,Shi Z Y, Zhang L M. Structural damage detection from incomplete and noisy modal test data[J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998, 124(11):1280-1288.
[46] Mayes R L. An Experimental Algorithm for Detecting Damage Applied to the I-40 Bridge over the Rio Grande[C].Proc.13th International Modal Analysis Conference, 1995:219-225.
[47] Messina A,Williams E J,Contursi T.Structural damage detection by a sensitivity and statistical-based method[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1998, 216 (5): 791-805.
[48] Ostnchowicz W M,Krawczuk M. Analysis of the Effect of Cracks on the Natural Frequencies of a Cantilever beam[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 150(2): 191-201.
[49] Paney A K, Biswas M ,Samman M M. Damage detection from change in curvature mode shapes[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1991, 145(2): 321-332.
[50] Pandey A K, Biswas M. Damage Detection in Structures Using Changes in Flexibility [J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1994,169:3-17.
[51] Pandey A K.Experimental verification of flexibility difference method for locating damage in structures [J].Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995,184(2): 311-328.
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