露井联采矿山边界参数优化及覆岩关键层破断特征分析
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摘要
我国一直都是煤炭消费大国,这种状况仍会持续很长一段时期。随着国家经济建设的飞速发展,能源消费也必将迅速增长,而煤炭生产中的效率和安全性的要求也会不断提高。在高产高效矿井建设过程中,露井联采作为一种新的采矿模式应运而生,但在巨厚近水平煤层的露井联采方面,国内外都没有成熟的工程经验。本文在对已有的研究成果进行深入分析的基础上,采用相似模拟和数值分析相结合的研究方法,对露井联采边坡的边界参数优化和覆岩关键层破断特征进行了研究。
(1)根据相似理论和工程原型,设计并进行了相似模拟试验,主要研究了井工开采下,覆岩和边坡台阶变形破坏特征,初步研究了井工开采方向对边坡稳定性的影响。相似模拟试验的结果和现场实测数据吻合较好。
(2)为取得合理的物理力学参数,采用相似模拟试验中的地质剖面,在FLAC3D中建立三维数值模型模拟相似模拟试验中的开采过程,并使结果与相似模拟试验吻合。设计巨厚近水平煤层条件下不同的露井联采方案,对应不同的方案构建计算模型进行数值模拟。数值模拟中,依据一定的标准控制开采,对模拟结果进行对比分析,从而优化边界参数。
(3)把岩层控制中的关键层理论应用到露井联采边坡中,将露井联采边坡工程模型概化为两种力学模型,从内力和变形两个方面,研究在工作面推进过程中关键层岩板的破断特征。通过对比分析计算结果并结合实际,判断两种力学模型的合理性。
通过以上研究分析得出了一些露井联采边坡的变形破坏规律,为巨厚近水平煤层的露井联采工程实践提供了理论参考。
China is always a big coal consumer, and this situation will last a long time in the future. With the rapid development of the economic construction, the energy consumption and the requirements for high efficiency and safety in coal production are bound to increase. In the construction of high production and high efficiency coal mine, the model of open-underground combined mining has been adopted more and more, but there is no mature engineering experience in open-underground combined mining of shallow horizontal thick coal at home and abroad. On the basis of intensive study on existing research results, parameters optimization of the boundary of open-underground combined mining mine and fracture characteristics of the roof key strata have been studied by using two methods of similar simulation and numerical simulation in the paper.
(1) Bases on the similarity theory and actual engineering, the similar simulation experiment is designed and carried out. The research in this part focuses on deformation characteristics of the steps and overburden rock due to underground mining, and involves the influence the direction of underground mining brings to slope stability. The monitoring and simulation results are in good agreement.
(2) In order to obtain reasonable physico-mechanical parameters, a numerical model in FLAC3D is established which uses the geologic section in similar simulation experiment, the mining in the experiment is simulated and the results of numerical simulation are made in agreement with similar simulation. Three numerical models are established according to three mining schemes designed for shallow horizontal thick coal. In the mining simulation, specific criterions are applied to detect failure in the model, and then, boundary parameters of the mine are optimized through contrastive analysis of the simulation results.
(3) The key strata theory in ground control is applied in open-underground combined mining slope engineering, the engineering model is generalized as two different mechanical models. And during the process of advance of the face, fracture characteristics of the key strata are studied in terms of deformation and internal force. The rationality of two mechanical models is assessed according to the contrastive analysis of calculation results along with consideration of engineering practice.
Through the above research, some deformation-failure rules of open-underground combined mining slope are obtained which can provide useful theory reference for future open-underground combined mining project.
(1)根据相似理论和工程原型,设计并进行了相似模拟试验,主要研究了井工开采下,覆岩和边坡台阶变形破坏特征,初步研究了井工开采方向对边坡稳定性的影响。相似模拟试验的结果和现场实测数据吻合较好。
(2)为取得合理的物理力学参数,采用相似模拟试验中的地质剖面,在FLAC3D中建立三维数值模型模拟相似模拟试验中的开采过程,并使结果与相似模拟试验吻合。设计巨厚近水平煤层条件下不同的露井联采方案,对应不同的方案构建计算模型进行数值模拟。数值模拟中,依据一定的标准控制开采,对模拟结果进行对比分析,从而优化边界参数。
(3)把岩层控制中的关键层理论应用到露井联采边坡中,将露井联采边坡工程模型概化为两种力学模型,从内力和变形两个方面,研究在工作面推进过程中关键层岩板的破断特征。通过对比分析计算结果并结合实际,判断两种力学模型的合理性。
通过以上研究分析得出了一些露井联采边坡的变形破坏规律,为巨厚近水平煤层的露井联采工程实践提供了理论参考。
China is always a big coal consumer, and this situation will last a long time in the future. With the rapid development of the economic construction, the energy consumption and the requirements for high efficiency and safety in coal production are bound to increase. In the construction of high production and high efficiency coal mine, the model of open-underground combined mining has been adopted more and more, but there is no mature engineering experience in open-underground combined mining of shallow horizontal thick coal at home and abroad. On the basis of intensive study on existing research results, parameters optimization of the boundary of open-underground combined mining mine and fracture characteristics of the roof key strata have been studied by using two methods of similar simulation and numerical simulation in the paper.
(1) Bases on the similarity theory and actual engineering, the similar simulation experiment is designed and carried out. The research in this part focuses on deformation characteristics of the steps and overburden rock due to underground mining, and involves the influence the direction of underground mining brings to slope stability. The monitoring and simulation results are in good agreement.
(2) In order to obtain reasonable physico-mechanical parameters, a numerical model in FLAC3D is established which uses the geologic section in similar simulation experiment, the mining in the experiment is simulated and the results of numerical simulation are made in agreement with similar simulation. Three numerical models are established according to three mining schemes designed for shallow horizontal thick coal. In the mining simulation, specific criterions are applied to detect failure in the model, and then, boundary parameters of the mine are optimized through contrastive analysis of the simulation results.
(3) The key strata theory in ground control is applied in open-underground combined mining slope engineering, the engineering model is generalized as two different mechanical models. And during the process of advance of the face, fracture characteristics of the key strata are studied in terms of deformation and internal force. The rationality of two mechanical models is assessed according to the contrastive analysis of calculation results along with consideration of engineering practice.
Through the above research, some deformation-failure rules of open-underground combined mining slope are obtained which can provide useful theory reference for future open-underground combined mining project.
引文
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2韩可琦,王玉浚.中国能源消费的发展趋势与前景展望.中国矿业大学学报, 2004, 33(1): 1-5
3 Wenmao Liu, Jianjun Wu, Yang Kun, etal. Econometrical Analysis to the Coal Consumption and Economic Growth in China. Power and Energy Engineering Conference, 2009. APPEEC 2009. Asia-Pacific 27-31 March 2009 Page(s): 1-6
4王树仁,何满潮,武崇福.复杂工程条件下边坡工程稳定性研究.北京:科学出版社, 2007: 1-26
5王振伟,王建国,于永江.露井联采条件下黄土基底排土场变形演化规律.辽宁工程技术大学学报, 2008, 27(2): 165-167
6李银海.边坡工程常用稳定性分析方法.中国水运, 2007, 5(5): 94-95
7黄满刚,孙世国.边坡稳定性分析方法的研究.矿业快报, 2008, (7): 34-37
8靳付成.边坡稳定性分析方法的研究现状与展望.西部探矿工程, 2007, (4): 5-9
9汪磊,高玮,杨大勇.岩质边坡稳定性分析方法研究.武汉工业学院学报, 2009, 28(2): 80-84
10杨学堂,王飞.边坡稳定性评价方法及发展趋势.岩土工程技术, 2004, 18(2): 103-106
11 A.W. Bishop. The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slope. Geotechnique, 1995, 15(1): 7-17
12 N. Janbu. Soil Stability Computations. //R.C. Hirschfeid, S.J. Poulos. Embankment Dam Engineering. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973: 47-87
13 N.R. Morgenstern, V.E. Price. The Analysis of the Atability of General Slip Surfaces. Geotechnique, 1965, (15): 79-93
14 E. Spencer. A Method of Analysis for Stability of Embankment Using Parallel Inters Slice Force. Geotechnique, 1967, (17): 11-26
15 S.K. Sarma. Stability of Embankments and Slopes. Geotechnique, 1979, (38): 157-159
16冯少杰,孙世国.边坡稳定性评价方法及其发展趋势.中国矿山工程, 2007, 36(6): 41-44
17方建瑞,朱合华,蔡永昌.边坡稳定性分析方法与进展.地下空间与工程学报, 2007, 3(2): 343-347
18何晖宇,李春雷.边坡稳定性分析理论和研究方法的发展与现状.交通科技, 2008, (4): 65-67
19 R E Goodman, G H Shi. Block Theory and Its Application to Rock Engineering. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1985
20 M.R. Yeung. Review of Validation of the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis(DDA) Method. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2006, 30(4): 271-305
21 Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.. Fast Language Analysis of continua in 3 dimensions, version 3.0, user’s manual. Itasca Consulting Group, Inc., 2005, 10-35
22 Qixin Pan, Laishan Chang. A Study of Application about FLAC-3D in Damage of Rock Mass Slope. Key Engineering Materials, 2006, 306-308 II: 1427-1432
23 Xianwu Huang, Xianbiao Mao, Xiexing Miao, etal. Study of Slope Reinforcement Force based on FLAC. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 2006, 16(2): 123-127
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