柔性直流输电系统及其无网侧电动势传感器控制技术的研究
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摘要
随着风能、太阳能、生物能等可再生能源开发规模的不断扩大,其固有的分散性、小型性、远离负荷中心等特点日益突显出来。基于变流技术的柔性直流输电技术具有小型、高效、控制灵活等特点,经济效益和环保价值可观,并能有效地减少输电线路电压降落与闪变,提高电能质量。
详细阐述了柔性直流输电系统(VSC-HVDC)的组成结构及其功能,并对整个系统的核心部分——电压源型换流器(VSC)作了重点研究,对其调相原理和运行特性进行了理论分析和数学推导,从而归纳出柔性直流输电系统的工作原理。建立了dq旋转坐标系下精确的VSC-HVDC数学模型,对电流内环控制器存在的dq轴相互耦合运用前馈解耦控制理论,成功地实现了有功功率和无功功率的独立控制,对于功率外环则可以根据不同的控制要求而选择相应的控制策略。在此基础上,利用MATLAB 7.1仿真软件搭建了一个新型的柔性直流输电系统仿真平台,并进行了相关的仿真研究。
针对安装网侧电动势传感器对柔性直流输电系统所带来的不稳定性因素,提出了一种基于柔性直流输电系统的无网侧电动势传感器控制技术。基于电压源型换流器的电流模型,构造了一个新的可调电流模型,运用模型参考自适应理论对两个模型之间的电流误差进行PI调节,分别推导出了网侧电动势的幅值与相位角辨识率,从而有效地辨识出了网侧电动势。仿真结果表明,所提出的无网侧电动势传感器控制技术具有良好的辨识速度,且辨识精度高,系统鲁棒性强。
相比于柔性直流输电技术在国外工程上的成功应用,国内基本上还处于空白,因此设计了一个小容量的柔性直流输电实验系统,实验结果表明,该实验系统不仅具有良好的稳定性,抗干扰性能也十分优越,具有很强的鲁棒性,符合工程应用的基本要求,为今后的工程应用作了良好的铺垫。
With the rapid development of wind, solar and other renewable energy, the characteristic of inherent dispersion, small structure, far from the load centers and so on are constantly exposed. VSC-HVDC technology has small, efficient and flexible control characteristics and has significant economic and environmental value, reduces the transmission line voltage drop and flicker effectively, improves the power quality.
The basis of the composition of the VSC-HVDC system structure and function are detailed described, and made an in-depth research on the core of the whole system-voltage sourced converter (VSC), focus on the principles and operational characteristics of modulation theory analysis and mathematical analysis, then concluded VSC-HVDC system Working principle. Established the precise mathematical model of VSC-HVDC under the dq rotating coordinate system, used feedforward decoupling control theory to decouple the dq axis coupling of the current inner loop controller, then successfully achieved the active and reactive power independently controlled, for outer power control loop could select the appropriate control strategy according to different requirements. Built a new type of VSC-HVDC system simulation platform using MATLAB 7.1 and made some relevant simulation research.
The installation of the source voltage sensor in VSC-HVDC system will bring in some factors of instability, a new source voltage sensorlee control technology based on the VSC-HVDC system has been proposed in this paper. Based on voltage source converters current model, construct a new adjustable current model, using the model reference adaptive theory, regulated the current errors between the two model with PI regulator, then derived the rate of source voltage amplitude and phase angle respectively, thus identified the source voltage effectively. Simulation results show that the designed source voltage sensorless control technology has a good recognition rate, and high identification precision, a strong robustness.
Compared to the successful application of VSC-HVDC transmission technology foreign projects, there is few application of VSC-HVDC in civil. The paper designed a small-capacity VSC-HVDC experimental system, the relevant experimental results show that the designed experimental system not only has good stability, anti-interference performance is also very superior, and has strong robustness to meet the basic requirements of engineering applications, made a well basis for the future engineering applications.
详细阐述了柔性直流输电系统(VSC-HVDC)的组成结构及其功能,并对整个系统的核心部分——电压源型换流器(VSC)作了重点研究,对其调相原理和运行特性进行了理论分析和数学推导,从而归纳出柔性直流输电系统的工作原理。建立了dq旋转坐标系下精确的VSC-HVDC数学模型,对电流内环控制器存在的dq轴相互耦合运用前馈解耦控制理论,成功地实现了有功功率和无功功率的独立控制,对于功率外环则可以根据不同的控制要求而选择相应的控制策略。在此基础上,利用MATLAB 7.1仿真软件搭建了一个新型的柔性直流输电系统仿真平台,并进行了相关的仿真研究。
针对安装网侧电动势传感器对柔性直流输电系统所带来的不稳定性因素,提出了一种基于柔性直流输电系统的无网侧电动势传感器控制技术。基于电压源型换流器的电流模型,构造了一个新的可调电流模型,运用模型参考自适应理论对两个模型之间的电流误差进行PI调节,分别推导出了网侧电动势的幅值与相位角辨识率,从而有效地辨识出了网侧电动势。仿真结果表明,所提出的无网侧电动势传感器控制技术具有良好的辨识速度,且辨识精度高,系统鲁棒性强。
相比于柔性直流输电技术在国外工程上的成功应用,国内基本上还处于空白,因此设计了一个小容量的柔性直流输电实验系统,实验结果表明,该实验系统不仅具有良好的稳定性,抗干扰性能也十分优越,具有很强的鲁棒性,符合工程应用的基本要求,为今后的工程应用作了良好的铺垫。
With the rapid development of wind, solar and other renewable energy, the characteristic of inherent dispersion, small structure, far from the load centers and so on are constantly exposed. VSC-HVDC technology has small, efficient and flexible control characteristics and has significant economic and environmental value, reduces the transmission line voltage drop and flicker effectively, improves the power quality.
The basis of the composition of the VSC-HVDC system structure and function are detailed described, and made an in-depth research on the core of the whole system-voltage sourced converter (VSC), focus on the principles and operational characteristics of modulation theory analysis and mathematical analysis, then concluded VSC-HVDC system Working principle. Established the precise mathematical model of VSC-HVDC under the dq rotating coordinate system, used feedforward decoupling control theory to decouple the dq axis coupling of the current inner loop controller, then successfully achieved the active and reactive power independently controlled, for outer power control loop could select the appropriate control strategy according to different requirements. Built a new type of VSC-HVDC system simulation platform using MATLAB 7.1 and made some relevant simulation research.
The installation of the source voltage sensor in VSC-HVDC system will bring in some factors of instability, a new source voltage sensorlee control technology based on the VSC-HVDC system has been proposed in this paper. Based on voltage source converters current model, construct a new adjustable current model, using the model reference adaptive theory, regulated the current errors between the two model with PI regulator, then derived the rate of source voltage amplitude and phase angle respectively, thus identified the source voltage effectively. Simulation results show that the designed source voltage sensorless control technology has a good recognition rate, and high identification precision, a strong robustness.
Compared to the successful application of VSC-HVDC transmission technology foreign projects, there is few application of VSC-HVDC in civil. The paper designed a small-capacity VSC-HVDC experimental system, the relevant experimental results show that the designed experimental system not only has good stability, anti-interference performance is also very superior, and has strong robustness to meet the basic requirements of engineering applications, made a well basis for the future engineering applications.
引文
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[2]Ooi B T, Wang X. Boost type PWM HVDC transmission system[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,1991,6(4):1557-1563.
[3]科技部.柔性(轻型)直流输电系统关键技术研究框架[M].北京：国家电网公司科技部,2006：1-5.
[4]胡冬良,赵成勇,李广凯.电压源换流器高压直流输电的进展[J].南方电网技术,2008,12(5)：19-23.
[5]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,11(1)：1-10.
[6]郑超,周孝信,李若梅,等.VSC-HVDC稳态特性与潮流算法的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：1-5.
[7]Nikolas Flourentzou, Vassilios G . Agelidis , Georgios D. Demetriades. VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems:An Overview[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[8]Cuiqing Du, Agneholm E, Olsson G. Use of VSC-HVDC for Industrial Systems Having Onsite Generation With Frequency Control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):2233-2240.
[9]Cuiqing Du, Evert Agneholm, Gustaf Olsson. Comparison of Different Frequency Controllers for a Vsc-HVDC Supplied System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2008,23(4):2224-2232.
[10]H. F. Latorre, M. Ghandhari, L. Soder. Application of Control Lyapunov Functions to Voltage Source Converters-based High Voltage Direct Current for Improving Transient Stability[J]. POWER TECH,2007,23(1):14-23.
[11]Alejadro Pizano-Matinez, Claudio R. Fuerte-Esquivel, H. Ambriz-Perez, Enrique Acha. Modeling of VSC-Based HVDC Systems for a Newton-Raphson OPF Algorithm[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,2007,22(4):1794-1803.
[12]Akshaya Moharana, P. K. Dash. Input-Output Linearization and Robust Sliding-Mode Controller for the VSC-HVDC Transmission Link[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2010,23(1):1-10.
[13]张桂斌,徐政,王广柱.基于VSC的直流输电系统的稳态建模及其非线性控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(1)：17-22.
[14]宋瑞华,周孝信.基于LMI方法的VSC-HVDC多重模型阻尼控制器设计[J].电力系统自动化,2007,2(18)：16-20.
[15]赵成勇,孙营,李广凯.双馈入直流输电系统中VSC-HVDC的控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(7)：97-103.
[16]郑超.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电系统数学建模与仿真分析[D].北京：中国电力科学研究院,2006：23-29.
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