基于Flex和ArcGIS Server的WebGIS实现研究
摘要
WebGIS是Internet技术应用于GIS开发的产物,高效开发富有表现力的WebGIS应用系统已成为GIS应用开发的主流。随着互联网影响的不断扩大和GIS技术在各行业中应用的日益广泛,人们已不满足于传统WebGIS的表现效果和交互性,对系统的伸缩性和开发的简洁性也提出了更高的要求。新一代网络应用RIA(Rich Internet Application)的出现,以其良好的交互性、表现力和用户体验,给WebGIS带来了新的发展契机。开发RIA的主流技术Flex与网络应用设计开发方式REST(Representational State Transfer)及ArcGIS Server编程接口为新一代WebGIS应用开发提供了现实而便捷的途径。
本文依托国土资源大调查之《汾渭盆地地区地裂缝地面沉降监测与防治研究》工作项目,利用RIA和REST两种新技术,探讨基于Flex框架和ArcGIS Server平台进行新一代应用型WebGIS开发的集成技术与实现方法。论文首先阐述了Flex框架和ArcGIS Server体系结构,剖析了基于ArcGIS API for Flex构建WebGIS应用的具体方法和技术细节；其次,重点对基于Flex的WebGIS开发中的关键技术问题进行了深入研究,提出了快速搭建企业级WebGIS的整体解决方案；最后,初步实现了汾渭盆地地裂缝地面沉降WebGIS(简称FWDD-GIS)应用型管理信息系统,验证了基于Flex的集成式WebGIS开发技术的先进性和便易性。本研究取得了以下成果和结论：
1)运用RIA和REST技术,设计并实现的基于Flex和ArcGIS Server的WebGIS通用开发框架,可供需求相似的WebGIS应用系统开发借鉴；
2)解决了一系列WebGIS应用系统开发中的关键技术问题。例如,客户端自定义组件的开发；客户端地图数据的实时更新与管理；客户端功能的扩展；跨域访问的安全沙箱冲突的解决。3)通过对ArcGIS Server服务参数的研究,提出了从服务器端优化系统性能的方法。
4)在Adobe Flex Builder 3环境下初步完成了FWDD-GIS的设计与开发,系统运行效率高,交互能力强,表现力丰富,且总体指标达到实用水平要求,具备应用型地理信息系统管理、统计、显示、查询、分析等基本功能和常用操作,体现了基于Flex开发WebGIS系统的优越性。
WebGIS namely World Wide Web Geographic Information System, is an outcome of applying internet technology to the GIS development, and efficient developing of expressive WebGIS applications has become the mainstream of the GIS application development. As the influence of Internet continues to expand and the application of GIS technology in industries becomes more extensive, people are no longer satisfied with the performance effect and interactivity of the WebGIS which is based on the traditional web technology, and put forward higher requests for both the system's flexibility and development simplicity. The emergence of a new generation web application named RIA (Rich Internet Application), with its good interactivity, expression and user experience has brought new development opportunities to WebGIS. Flex is currently the mainstream technology in developing RIA, and REST (Representational State Transfer) is a new way of web application design and development. The REST-style application programming interfaces of ArcGIS Server together with Flex have provided a practical and convenient approach for developing the new generation WebGIS application.
Supported by Research on Monitoring and Prevention of Geofractures and Land Subsidence in Basin of Fenhe and Weihe River as a key work project in Survey on Land Resource, applying RIA and REST technologies, the research work in this paper discussed the integrating techniques and implementing methods about the new WebGIS development based on Flex framework and ArcGIS Server. This paper firstly expounded the Flex framework and ArcGIS Server system structure, and analyzed the specific method and technical details that using ArcGIS API for Flex to construct WebGIS applications; secondly, focusing on the key technical problems in the WebGIS development based on Flex, it carried out intensive studies and came up with the integrated solution to enterprise-level WebGIS; finally, it implemented the WebGIS application named Information Management System of Geofractures and Land Subsidence Hazards in Basin of Fenhe and Weihe River (hereinafter simply referred to as FWDD-GIS), thus verifying the advancement and the convenience of integration WebGIS development method. This research has made the following results and conclusions.
1) Using RIA and REST technology, the paper designed and implemented the general development framework of WebGIS based on Flex and ArcGIS Server, which can serve as a reference for developing WebGIS applications of similar demands.
2) Throungh in-depth study, it solved a series of key technical problems in developing WebGIS applications based on Flex and ArcGIS Server, such as developing user-defined client components or controls, client map data real-time update and management, extending client functions, as well as solving the safety-sand-box conflicts in Flex cause by cross-domain data access.
3) Through the research on ArcGIS Server service parameters, it proposed concrete methods to optimize the application system's overall performance from the server-side.
4) The research work preliminarily finished the design and the development of FWDD-GIS application system in Adobe Flex Builder 3 environment. The system is of high efficiency, strong interactive capability and rich expression, and has generally met the practical requirement. Besides, it has basic functions and common abilities such as management, statistics, display, query, analysis and so on. This practice reflected the superiority of WebGIS systems based on Flex.
本文依托国土资源大调查之《汾渭盆地地区地裂缝地面沉降监测与防治研究》工作项目,利用RIA和REST两种新技术,探讨基于Flex框架和ArcGIS Server平台进行新一代应用型WebGIS开发的集成技术与实现方法。论文首先阐述了Flex框架和ArcGIS Server体系结构,剖析了基于ArcGIS API for Flex构建WebGIS应用的具体方法和技术细节；其次,重点对基于Flex的WebGIS开发中的关键技术问题进行了深入研究,提出了快速搭建企业级WebGIS的整体解决方案；最后,初步实现了汾渭盆地地裂缝地面沉降WebGIS(简称FWDD-GIS)应用型管理信息系统,验证了基于Flex的集成式WebGIS开发技术的先进性和便易性。本研究取得了以下成果和结论：
1)运用RIA和REST技术,设计并实现的基于Flex和ArcGIS Server的WebGIS通用开发框架,可供需求相似的WebGIS应用系统开发借鉴；
2)解决了一系列WebGIS应用系统开发中的关键技术问题。例如,客户端自定义组件的开发；客户端地图数据的实时更新与管理；客户端功能的扩展；跨域访问的安全沙箱冲突的解决。3)通过对ArcGIS Server服务参数的研究,提出了从服务器端优化系统性能的方法。
4)在Adobe Flex Builder 3环境下初步完成了FWDD-GIS的设计与开发,系统运行效率高,交互能力强,表现力丰富,且总体指标达到实用水平要求,具备应用型地理信息系统管理、统计、显示、查询、分析等基本功能和常用操作,体现了基于Flex开发WebGIS系统的优越性。
WebGIS namely World Wide Web Geographic Information System, is an outcome of applying internet technology to the GIS development, and efficient developing of expressive WebGIS applications has become the mainstream of the GIS application development. As the influence of Internet continues to expand and the application of GIS technology in industries becomes more extensive, people are no longer satisfied with the performance effect and interactivity of the WebGIS which is based on the traditional web technology, and put forward higher requests for both the system's flexibility and development simplicity. The emergence of a new generation web application named RIA (Rich Internet Application), with its good interactivity, expression and user experience has brought new development opportunities to WebGIS. Flex is currently the mainstream technology in developing RIA, and REST (Representational State Transfer) is a new way of web application design and development. The REST-style application programming interfaces of ArcGIS Server together with Flex have provided a practical and convenient approach for developing the new generation WebGIS application.
Supported by Research on Monitoring and Prevention of Geofractures and Land Subsidence in Basin of Fenhe and Weihe River as a key work project in Survey on Land Resource, applying RIA and REST technologies, the research work in this paper discussed the integrating techniques and implementing methods about the new WebGIS development based on Flex framework and ArcGIS Server. This paper firstly expounded the Flex framework and ArcGIS Server system structure, and analyzed the specific method and technical details that using ArcGIS API for Flex to construct WebGIS applications; secondly, focusing on the key technical problems in the WebGIS development based on Flex, it carried out intensive studies and came up with the integrated solution to enterprise-level WebGIS; finally, it implemented the WebGIS application named Information Management System of Geofractures and Land Subsidence Hazards in Basin of Fenhe and Weihe River (hereinafter simply referred to as FWDD-GIS), thus verifying the advancement and the convenience of integration WebGIS development method. This research has made the following results and conclusions.
1) Using RIA and REST technology, the paper designed and implemented the general development framework of WebGIS based on Flex and ArcGIS Server, which can serve as a reference for developing WebGIS applications of similar demands.
2) Throungh in-depth study, it solved a series of key technical problems in developing WebGIS applications based on Flex and ArcGIS Server, such as developing user-defined client components or controls, client map data real-time update and management, extending client functions, as well as solving the safety-sand-box conflicts in Flex cause by cross-domain data access.
3) Through the research on ArcGIS Server service parameters, it proposed concrete methods to optimize the application system's overall performance from the server-side.
4) The research work preliminarily finished the design and the development of FWDD-GIS application system in Adobe Flex Builder 3 environment. The system is of high efficiency, strong interactive capability and rich expression, and has generally met the practical requirement. Besides, it has basic functions and common abilities such as management, statistics, display, query, analysis and so on. This practice reflected the superiority of WebGIS systems based on Flex.
引文
[1]孟令奎,史文中,张鹏林.网络地理信息系统原理与技术[M].北京：科学出版社,2005年
[2]李青元,张福浩,朱雪华等.WebGIS实现技术探讨[J].中国图形图像学报,1998,3(6)：485-489
[3]吴涛,戚铭尧,黎勇,颜辉武.WebGIS开发中的RIA技术应用研究[J].测绘通报,2006,6：34-37
[4]Leonard Richardson, Sam Ruby. RESTful Web Services[M]. O'Reilly Media,2007年
[5]许卓明,栗明,董逸生.基于RPC和基于REST的Web服务交互模型比较分析[J].计算机工程,2003,29(20)：6-8
[6]陈洪磊.面向RIA的Web应用程序框架研究[D].西安：西北工业大学,2007年
[7]刘江.Flex与RIA的前因后果[J].程序员,2008,12
[8]刘二年.基于Rich Internet Application技术的WebGIS研究[D].南京：南京师范大学,2006年
[9]王青山,汉博.基于RIA的网络GIS的发展与应用[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(2)：115-118
[10]张宏,丰江帆,闾国年,滕学伟.基于RIA技术的WebGIS研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2)：37-41
[11]尹金发.基于Flex和J2EE技术的RIA系统的设计与实现[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008年
[12]彭晓川.基于Flex的RIA与J2EE应用的整合[J].电脑与电信,2008,2：37-39
[13]Fielding Roy Thomas. Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures[D]. Irvine:University of California,2000
[14]姚鹤岭.基于REST方式构建WebService的研究[D].郑州：解放军信息工程大学,2005年
[15]栾绍鹏.基于RIA的地理信息服务研究与实践[D].郑州：解放军信息工程大学,2007年
[16]董龙飞,肖娜.Adobe Flex大师之路[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009年5月
[17]InfoQ.理解REST软件架构[EB/OL].http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/rest-architecure
[18]詹骞.基于Ajax/REST的GIS WEB服务研究与实现[D].北京：中国地质大学,2008
[19]余飞,曹谢东,陈明.基于REST方式构建Web Service的研究[J].福州电脑,2007,10：136
[20]王存玮.REST架构应用软件测试系统的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2008
[21]PJustin R. Erenkrantz, Michael Gorlick, PGirish Suryanarayana, PRichard N. Taylor. From representations to computations:the evolution of web architectures[J]. ACM, 2007:255-264
[22]陈亮,尹飞,韩龙斌.基于面向资源架构的REST方式Web服务的开发方法[J].中国信息科技,2008,22：110-111
[23]O'Reilly T. REST vs. SOAP at Amazon[EB/OL]. http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg /3005,2003
[24]M.zur Muehlen, J. V. Nickerson, and K. D. Swenson. Developing Web Services Choreograph Standards-the case of REST vs. SOAP[J]. Decision Support Systems,2005, 40(1):9-29
[25]袁煜锋.基于Flex和REST的WebGIS研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009
[26]马琰钢,李建,郜庆林,朱健.FLEX技术在公共气象服务业务平台中的应用[J].浙江气象,2009,S1：51-53
[27]Jeff Tapper, Michael Labriola, Matthew Boles, James Talbot著,杨博,杜昱宏等译.Flex3权威指南[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009
[28]李捷,李杰.WebService及其相关技术初探[J].九江职业技术学院学报,2010,2：27-28
[29]易敏.面向服务架构(SOA)的地理信息服务研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2008
[30]李斌.地裂缝地面沉降灾害管理信息系统开发及应用研究—以西安地裂缝地面沉降灾害管理信息系统为例[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[31]金鼎.西安地裂缝地面沉降信息管理系统设计与实现[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[32]李满春,任建武,陈刚等.GIS设计与实现[M].北京：科学出版社,2005年2月
[33]ChenJun, Li J. He J. and Li Zhilin. Development of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) in China:An Overview[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2002
[34]Scott Davis. GIS for Web Developers[M]. Pragmatic Bookshelf,2007
[35]Tomlin CD.. Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling [M]. Englewood Ciliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1990
[36]Model Our World[Z]. ESRI,2006
[37]Exploring ArcObjects[Z]. ESRI,2002
[38]ArcGIS Engine Developer Guide[Z]. ESRI,2004
[39]ArcGIS Developer Help[Z]. ESRI,2004
[2]李青元,张福浩,朱雪华等.WebGIS实现技术探讨[J].中国图形图像学报,1998,3(6)：485-489
[3]吴涛,戚铭尧,黎勇,颜辉武.WebGIS开发中的RIA技术应用研究[J].测绘通报,2006,6：34-37
[4]Leonard Richardson, Sam Ruby. RESTful Web Services[M]. O'Reilly Media,2007年
[5]许卓明,栗明,董逸生.基于RPC和基于REST的Web服务交互模型比较分析[J].计算机工程,2003,29(20)：6-8
[6]陈洪磊.面向RIA的Web应用程序框架研究[D].西安：西北工业大学,2007年
[7]刘江.Flex与RIA的前因后果[J].程序员,2008,12
[8]刘二年.基于Rich Internet Application技术的WebGIS研究[D].南京：南京师范大学,2006年
[9]王青山,汉博.基于RIA的网络GIS的发展与应用[J].测绘科学技术学报,2006,23(2)：115-118
[10]张宏,丰江帆,闾国年,滕学伟.基于RIA技术的WebGIS研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2)：37-41
[11]尹金发.基于Flex和J2EE技术的RIA系统的设计与实现[D].成都：西南交通大学,2008年
[12]彭晓川.基于Flex的RIA与J2EE应用的整合[J].电脑与电信,2008,2：37-39
[13]Fielding Roy Thomas. Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-Based Software Architectures[D]. Irvine:University of California,2000
[14]姚鹤岭.基于REST方式构建WebService的研究[D].郑州：解放军信息工程大学,2005年
[15]栾绍鹏.基于RIA的地理信息服务研究与实践[D].郑州：解放军信息工程大学,2007年
[16]董龙飞,肖娜.Adobe Flex大师之路[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2009年5月
[17]InfoQ.理解REST软件架构[EB/OL].http://www.infoq.com/cn/articles/rest-architecure
[18]詹骞.基于Ajax/REST的GIS WEB服务研究与实现[D].北京：中国地质大学,2008
[19]余飞,曹谢东,陈明.基于REST方式构建Web Service的研究[J].福州电脑,2007,10：136
[20]王存玮.REST架构应用软件测试系统的研究与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2008
[21]PJustin R. Erenkrantz, Michael Gorlick, PGirish Suryanarayana, PRichard N. Taylor. From representations to computations:the evolution of web architectures[J]. ACM, 2007:255-264
[22]陈亮,尹飞,韩龙斌.基于面向资源架构的REST方式Web服务的开发方法[J].中国信息科技,2008,22：110-111
[23]O'Reilly T. REST vs. SOAP at Amazon[EB/OL]. http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/wlg /3005,2003
[24]M.zur Muehlen, J. V. Nickerson, and K. D. Swenson. Developing Web Services Choreograph Standards-the case of REST vs. SOAP[J]. Decision Support Systems,2005, 40(1):9-29
[25]袁煜锋.基于Flex和REST的WebGIS研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2009
[26]马琰钢,李建,郜庆林,朱健.FLEX技术在公共气象服务业务平台中的应用[J].浙江气象,2009,S1：51-53
[27]Jeff Tapper, Michael Labriola, Matthew Boles, James Talbot著,杨博,杜昱宏等译.Flex3权威指南[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2009
[28]李捷,李杰.WebService及其相关技术初探[J].九江职业技术学院学报,2010,2：27-28
[29]易敏.面向服务架构(SOA)的地理信息服务研究[D].上海：华东师范大学,2008
[30]李斌.地裂缝地面沉降灾害管理信息系统开发及应用研究—以西安地裂缝地面沉降灾害管理信息系统为例[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[31]金鼎.西安地裂缝地面沉降信息管理系统设计与实现[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[32]李满春,任建武,陈刚等.GIS设计与实现[M].北京：科学出版社,2005年2月
[33]ChenJun, Li J. He J. and Li Zhilin. Development of Geographic Information Systems(GIS) in China:An Overview[J]. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,2002
[34]Scott Davis. GIS for Web Developers[M]. Pragmatic Bookshelf,2007
[35]Tomlin CD.. Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling [M]. Englewood Ciliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall,1990
[36]Model Our World[Z]. ESRI,2006
[37]Exploring ArcObjects[Z]. ESRI,2002
[38]ArcGIS Engine Developer Guide[Z]. ESRI,2004
[39]ArcGIS Developer Help[Z]. ESRI,2004