认知超宽带的频谱感知及波形设计
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摘要
认知超宽带(Cognitive Ultra Wideband, CUWB)无线通信系统,是结合认知无线电和超宽带技术的主要优点来联合设计研究的一种智能无线系统,是一种基于频谱感知的具有自适应频谱模板和灵活波形的新型超宽带系统。该系统的基本原理主要是利用认知无线电能够感知周围的频谱环境和UWB系统易于数字软件化的特性,依据感知得到的频谱信息和动态频谱分配策略来自适应地构建UWB系统的频谱结构,并生成相应地频谱灵活的自适应脉冲波形,根据信道的状态信息进行自适应地发射与接收。
认知超宽带涉及到众多的关键技术,本文从频谱感知及波形设计两个方面对超宽带模型进行了讨论。频谱感知技术的应用可以使超宽带系统感知到其它通信系统的工作情况,重点讨论了能量检测法以及循环特征检测法的检测性能,将二阶循环统计量应用于认知无线电当中,提出了基于二阶循环统计量的改进算法。仿真结果表明,基于二阶循环统计量的频谱感知方法在低信噪比条件下有很好的检测性能,而基于该方法的合作检测方法不仅能够缓解“隐蔽终端”问题,还能进一步提高检测性能。进一步的,本文进行了超宽带波形的设计。对目前讨论比较多的高斯二阶脉冲波形进行了理论分析,并从理论上分析推导了回转椭球波函数(PSWF)的形成过程,证明了其作为超宽带自适应脉冲波形的必然性。仿真结果表明,PSWF相较于高斯脉冲具有很大的灵活性,可以很好的避免对其它通信系统的干扰。
Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) is an intellective communication wireless communication system which combines the advantages of cognitive radio (CR) and ultra wideband (UWB). It is a new ultra wideband system based on self-adapting spectral mask and flexible waveform design. The basic thought of CUWB is that construct spectrum configuration adaptively by making use of the capability of spectrum sensing in CR and the characteristic of USB's digitalization. At the same time, corresponding self-adapting impulse waveform is generated, transmitted and received according to channel state information.
CUWB involves lots of key technologies. In this paper, CUWB basic structure is discussed from two aspects which include spectrum sensing and waveform design. The application of spectrum sensing technology can make UWB "sense" work status of other communication system. At first, methods of spectrum sensing are analyzed and discussed. Further, energy detection and cyclic feature detection are emphatically discussed. The simulation results show that cyclic feature detection has a good performance in the low SNR regime. The cooperative method based on cyclic feature detection not only can solve "the hidden terminal problem", but also improve detection performance.On the basis of spectrum sensing, waveform of UWB is designed. At first, Gaussian second-order impulse waveform is analyzed which is widely discussed by scholars. However, because it is lack of agility and low spectrum efficient it is unsuitable as an adaptive impulse waveform for CUWB. Further, in this paper, the establishment of PSWF is derived from the point of theory. It is proved that PSWF is certain as an adaptive impulse waveform of CUWB. The simulation results show PSWF has high spectrum efficient and can adapt spectral mask of UWB freely compared to Gaussian second-order impulse waveform.
认知超宽带涉及到众多的关键技术,本文从频谱感知及波形设计两个方面对超宽带模型进行了讨论。频谱感知技术的应用可以使超宽带系统感知到其它通信系统的工作情况,重点讨论了能量检测法以及循环特征检测法的检测性能,将二阶循环统计量应用于认知无线电当中,提出了基于二阶循环统计量的改进算法。仿真结果表明,基于二阶循环统计量的频谱感知方法在低信噪比条件下有很好的检测性能,而基于该方法的合作检测方法不仅能够缓解“隐蔽终端”问题,还能进一步提高检测性能。进一步的,本文进行了超宽带波形的设计。对目前讨论比较多的高斯二阶脉冲波形进行了理论分析,并从理论上分析推导了回转椭球波函数(PSWF)的形成过程,证明了其作为超宽带自适应脉冲波形的必然性。仿真结果表明,PSWF相较于高斯脉冲具有很大的灵活性,可以很好的避免对其它通信系统的干扰。
Cognitive Ultra Wideband (CUWB) is an intellective communication wireless communication system which combines the advantages of cognitive radio (CR) and ultra wideband (UWB). It is a new ultra wideband system based on self-adapting spectral mask and flexible waveform design. The basic thought of CUWB is that construct spectrum configuration adaptively by making use of the capability of spectrum sensing in CR and the characteristic of USB's digitalization. At the same time, corresponding self-adapting impulse waveform is generated, transmitted and received according to channel state information.
CUWB involves lots of key technologies. In this paper, CUWB basic structure is discussed from two aspects which include spectrum sensing and waveform design. The application of spectrum sensing technology can make UWB "sense" work status of other communication system. At first, methods of spectrum sensing are analyzed and discussed. Further, energy detection and cyclic feature detection are emphatically discussed. The simulation results show that cyclic feature detection has a good performance in the low SNR regime. The cooperative method based on cyclic feature detection not only can solve "the hidden terminal problem", but also improve detection performance.On the basis of spectrum sensing, waveform of UWB is designed. At first, Gaussian second-order impulse waveform is analyzed which is widely discussed by scholars. However, because it is lack of agility and low spectrum efficient it is unsuitable as an adaptive impulse waveform for CUWB. Further, in this paper, the establishment of PSWF is derived from the point of theory. It is proved that PSWF is certain as an adaptive impulse waveform of CUWB. The simulation results show PSWF has high spectrum efficient and can adapt spectral mask of UWB freely compared to Gaussian second-order impulse waveform.
引文
[1]Federal Communication Commission. Facilitating opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum use employing cognitive radio technologies. NPRM and Order, ET Docket No.03-318, FCC-03-322, 2003
[2]Mitola J, Maguire G. Cognitive radio:Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine.1999,6(4):13-18P
[3]Scholtz R A. Multiple accesses with time-hopping impulse modulation. Military Communications Conference, Boston, USA,1993: 447-450P
[4]Win MZ, Scholtz R A. Impulse radio:How it works. IEEE Communications Letters.1998,2:36-38P
[5]Win MZ, Scholtz R A. Ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum impulse radio for wireless multiple-access communications. IEEE Trans Communications.2000,48(4):679-691P
[6]Federal Communication Commission. Revision of Part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. First Report and Order, ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48,2002
[7]Foerster J. Interference modeling of pulse-based UWB waveforms on narrowband systems. Vehicular Technology Conference, Birmingham, USA,2002,4:1931-1935P
[8]Xiliang Luo, Liuqing Yang, Giannakis G.B. Designing optimal pulse-shapers for ultra-wideband radios. IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies,2003:349-353P
[9]Federal Communication Commission. Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Cognitive radio Technologies. NPRM& Order, ET Docker no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003
[10]Xiaofei Zhou, Yazdandoost.K.Y., Honggang Zhang Chlamtac. Cognospectrrum:spectrum adaptation and evolution in cognitive ultra-wideband radio. Ultra-Wideband.2005, (9):713-718P
[11]Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Yazdandoost.K.Y., Chlamtac. Multiple signal waveforms adaptation in communications. IEEE Journal.2006, 24(4):878-884P
[12]Jin Tian, Guangguo Bi. A new link maintenance and compensation model for cognitive UWB radio systems.2006 6th International Conference, 2006. ITS Telecommunications Proceeding,2006:254-257P
[13]Xiaofei Zhou, Honggang Zhang, Chlamtac. Space-frequency coded cooperative scheme among distributed nodes in cognitive UWB radio. IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Berlin,2005:461-465P
[14]Granelli, Honggang Zhang. Cognitive ultra wideband radio:a research vision and its open challenges. Second International Workshop on Networking with Ultra Wideband, Rrente University, Italy,2005:55-59P
[15]Marco Chiani, Andrea Giorgetti, Gianluigi Liva. Ultra wide bandwidth communications towards cognitive radio. EMC Europe Workshop 2005, Italy,2005:114-117P
[16]郑红,周伟正. 超宽带技术在认知无线电中的应用研究.数据通信,2006,2：11-13页
[17]陈国东,武穆清.一种基于多频带PSWFs组合的CUWB自适应脉冲波形设计.电子与信息学报,2008,30(6)：1431-1436页
[18]张洪欣,吕英华, 贺鹏飞.利用小波函数生成UWB正交成形脉冲序列的方法.北京邮电大学学报,2006,29(4)：65-68页
[19]Mitola J. Cognitive radio:An integrated agent architecture of software defined radio. Doctor of Technology. Royal Institute Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden,2000
[20]Jondral F K. Software-defined radio-basic and evolution to cognitive radio. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking.2005, (3):275-283P
[21]Wild B, Ramchandran K. Detection primary receivers for cognitive radio applications.2005 First IEEE International Symposium,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:124-130P
[22]Zheng H, Cao L. Device-centric spectrum management.2005 First IEEE International Symposium,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:56-65P
[23]Kanodia V, Sabharwal A, Knightly E. MOAR:a multi-channel opportunistic auto-rate media access protocol for ad hoc networks. First International Conference on Broadband Networks,2004:600-610P
[24]Krishnamurthy S, Thoppian M, Venkatesan S, Prakash R. Control channel based MAC-layer configuration, routing and situation awareness for cognitive radio networks. Military Communications Conference, Atlantic City, NY, USA,2005:455-460P
[25]Basar T, Olsder G J. Dynamic non-cooperative game theory. Second edition. New York:Academic Press,1999
[26]Rick Roberts. Comments on FCC NPRM ET Docket 03-237 Interference Noise Temperature. IEEE 802.15-03-0534-00-0003a,2003
[27]Robert W Brodersen, Adam Wolisz. CORVUS:a cognitive radio approach for usage of virtual unlicensed spectrum. White paper, Berkeley Wireless Research Center, CA, USA,2004
[28]Honggang Zhang, Ryuji KOHNO. Soft-Spectrum Adaptation in UWB Impulse Radio. The 14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Beijing, China.2003
[29]H Yamaguchi. Active interference cancellation technique for MB-OFDM cognitive radio.34th European Microwave Conference,2004:1105-1108P
[30]FCC. Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed Rulemaking. ET Docker No 03-237,2003
[31]Kolodzy P J. Interference temperature:a metric for dynamic spectrum utilization. International Journal of Network Management.2006,16: 103-113P
[32]Akyildiz I F, Lee W Y, Vuran M C. Next Generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:A survey. Computer Networks.2006,50(13):2127-2159P
[33]Weiss, Merrill S. New measurements and predictions of UHF television receiver local oscillator radiation interference. http://h-e.com//pdfs/rw_bts03.pdf.2003
[34]Wild B, Ramchandran K. Detecting primary receivers for cognitive radio application.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:124-130P
[35]Ghasemi, Sousa ES. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:131-136P
[36]Sahai A, Hoven N, Tandra R. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio. Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing 2004,2004:772-776P
[37]Digham F, Alouini M, Simon M. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels. IEEE International Conference on Communications, NJ, USA,2005:3575-3579P
[38]Ganesan G, Li Y G. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 137-143P
[39]Fehske A, Gaeddert JD, Reed J H. A new approach to signal classification using spectral correlation and neural networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:144-150P
[40]Tang H. Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio systems.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 151-159P
[41]Cabric D, Mishra SM, Brodersen RW. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radio.38th Asilomar Conference on Signals. Systems and Computers,2004, Paciffic Grove, CA, USA,2004:137-143P
[42]E. P. C.Kao. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. Thomson Press,2003
[43]Zhao J, Zheng H, Yang G H. Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 259-268P
[44]H.Urkowit. Energy detection of unknown deterministic signal. Proc. IEEE. 1967,55(4):523-531P
[45]Amod V. Dandawate. Statistical Test for presence of Cyclostationarity. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.1994,42(9), 2355-2369P
[46]Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto, Guerino Gianeola著，葛利嘉，朱林，袁 晓芳,陈帮富等译.超宽带无线电基础.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：131-161页
[47]J.T. Conroy, J. LoCicero, D. W. Ucci. Communication Techniques Using Monopulse Waveforms. IEEE MILCOM, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1999,22-27P
[48]Luo Xiliang, Yang Liuqing, Giannnakis G B. Designing optimal pulse-shaper for ultra-wideband radios.2003 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband and System and Technologies, Baltimore, USA,2003:349-353P
[49]张洪欣,吕英华,贺鹏飞,等.利用小波函数生成UWB正交成形脉冲序列的方法.北京邮电大学学报,2006,29(4)：65-68页
[50]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Nagasaka Hiroyuki. Ultra Wideband impulse radio using free-verse pulse waveform shaping, Soft-Spectrum Adaptation and local sine template receiving. IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks,2003
[51]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Ogawa Hiroyo. CRL-UWB Consortium's Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a. IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks,2003
[52]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Ogawa Hiroyo. CRL-UWB Consortium's Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY proposal update for IEEE 802.15.3a IEEE P802.15-03/097r5,2003
[53]Zhang Honggang, Kohno Ryuji. Soft Spectrum Adaptation in UWB impulse radio.14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor& Mobile Radio Communication, Beijing, China,2003:289-293P
[54]Zhang Honggang, Kohno Ryuji. SSA realization in UWB multiple access systems based on prolate spheroidal wave functions. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networkintg Conference,2004:1794-1799P
[55]Usuda K, Zhang Honggang, Nakagawa M. M-ary pulse shape modulation for PSWF-based UWB systems in multipath fading environment. IEEE Global Telecommunication Conference 2004, Dallas Texas, USA,2004: 3498-3504P
[56]PARR B, CHO B, WALLACE K. A novel ultra-wideband pulse design algorithm. IEEE Communication Letters.2003,7(5):219-221P
[57]Dilmaghani R S, Ghavami M, Allen Ben, Aghvami H. Novel UWB pulse shaping using prolate spheroidal wave functions.14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor& Mobile Radio Communications, Beijing, China,2003:602-606P
[2]Mitola J, Maguire G. Cognitive radio:Making software radios more personal. IEEE Personal Communications Magazine.1999,6(4):13-18P
[3]Scholtz R A. Multiple accesses with time-hopping impulse modulation. Military Communications Conference, Boston, USA,1993: 447-450P
[4]Win MZ, Scholtz R A. Impulse radio:How it works. IEEE Communications Letters.1998,2:36-38P
[5]Win MZ, Scholtz R A. Ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum impulse radio for wireless multiple-access communications. IEEE Trans Communications.2000,48(4):679-691P
[6]Federal Communication Commission. Revision of Part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems. First Report and Order, ET Docket 98-153, FCC 02-48,2002
[7]Foerster J. Interference modeling of pulse-based UWB waveforms on narrowband systems. Vehicular Technology Conference, Birmingham, USA,2002,4:1931-1935P
[8]Xiliang Luo, Liuqing Yang, Giannakis G.B. Designing optimal pulse-shapers for ultra-wideband radios. IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies,2003:349-353P
[9]Federal Communication Commission. Facilitating Opportunities for Flexible, Efficient, and Reliable Spectrum Use Employing Cognitive radio Technologies. NPRM& Order, ET Docker no.03-108, FCC 03-322,2003
[10]Xiaofei Zhou, Yazdandoost.K.Y., Honggang Zhang Chlamtac. Cognospectrrum:spectrum adaptation and evolution in cognitive ultra-wideband radio. Ultra-Wideband.2005, (9):713-718P
[11]Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Yazdandoost.K.Y., Chlamtac. Multiple signal waveforms adaptation in communications. IEEE Journal.2006, 24(4):878-884P
[12]Jin Tian, Guangguo Bi. A new link maintenance and compensation model for cognitive UWB radio systems.2006 6th International Conference, 2006. ITS Telecommunications Proceeding,2006:254-257P
[13]Xiaofei Zhou, Honggang Zhang, Chlamtac. Space-frequency coded cooperative scheme among distributed nodes in cognitive UWB radio. IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Berlin,2005:461-465P
[14]Granelli, Honggang Zhang. Cognitive ultra wideband radio:a research vision and its open challenges. Second International Workshop on Networking with Ultra Wideband, Rrente University, Italy,2005:55-59P
[15]Marco Chiani, Andrea Giorgetti, Gianluigi Liva. Ultra wide bandwidth communications towards cognitive radio. EMC Europe Workshop 2005, Italy,2005:114-117P
[16]郑红,周伟正. 超宽带技术在认知无线电中的应用研究.数据通信,2006,2：11-13页
[17]陈国东,武穆清.一种基于多频带PSWFs组合的CUWB自适应脉冲波形设计.电子与信息学报,2008,30(6)：1431-1436页
[18]张洪欣,吕英华, 贺鹏飞.利用小波函数生成UWB正交成形脉冲序列的方法.北京邮电大学学报,2006,29(4)：65-68页
[19]Mitola J. Cognitive radio:An integrated agent architecture of software defined radio. Doctor of Technology. Royal Institute Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden,2000
[20]Jondral F K. Software-defined radio-basic and evolution to cognitive radio. Eurasip Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking.2005, (3):275-283P
[21]Wild B, Ramchandran K. Detection primary receivers for cognitive radio applications.2005 First IEEE International Symposium,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:124-130P
[22]Zheng H, Cao L. Device-centric spectrum management.2005 First IEEE International Symposium,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:56-65P
[23]Kanodia V, Sabharwal A, Knightly E. MOAR:a multi-channel opportunistic auto-rate media access protocol for ad hoc networks. First International Conference on Broadband Networks,2004:600-610P
[24]Krishnamurthy S, Thoppian M, Venkatesan S, Prakash R. Control channel based MAC-layer configuration, routing and situation awareness for cognitive radio networks. Military Communications Conference, Atlantic City, NY, USA,2005:455-460P
[25]Basar T, Olsder G J. Dynamic non-cooperative game theory. Second edition. New York:Academic Press,1999
[26]Rick Roberts. Comments on FCC NPRM ET Docket 03-237 Interference Noise Temperature. IEEE 802.15-03-0534-00-0003a,2003
[27]Robert W Brodersen, Adam Wolisz. CORVUS:a cognitive radio approach for usage of virtual unlicensed spectrum. White paper, Berkeley Wireless Research Center, CA, USA,2004
[28]Honggang Zhang, Ryuji KOHNO. Soft-Spectrum Adaptation in UWB Impulse Radio. The 14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Beijing, China.2003
[29]H Yamaguchi. Active interference cancellation technique for MB-OFDM cognitive radio.34th European Microwave Conference,2004:1105-1108P
[30]FCC. Notice of inquiry and notice of proposed Rulemaking. ET Docker No 03-237,2003
[31]Kolodzy P J. Interference temperature:a metric for dynamic spectrum utilization. International Journal of Network Management.2006,16: 103-113P
[32]Akyildiz I F, Lee W Y, Vuran M C. Next Generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks:A survey. Computer Networks.2006,50(13):2127-2159P
[33]Weiss, Merrill S. New measurements and predictions of UHF television receiver local oscillator radiation interference. http://h-e.com//pdfs/rw_bts03.pdf.2003
[34]Wild B, Ramchandran K. Detecting primary receivers for cognitive radio application.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:124-130P
[35]Ghasemi, Sousa ES. Collaborative spectrum sensing for opportunistic access in fading environment.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:131-136P
[36]Sahai A, Hoven N, Tandra R. Some fundamental limits in cognitive radio. Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing 2004,2004:772-776P
[37]Digham F, Alouini M, Simon M. On the energy detection of unknown signals over fading channels. IEEE International Conference on Communications, NJ, USA,2005:3575-3579P
[38]Ganesan G, Li Y G. Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 137-143P
[39]Fehske A, Gaeddert JD, Reed J H. A new approach to signal classification using spectral correlation and neural networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005:144-150P
[40]Tang H. Some physical layer issues of wide-band cognitive radio systems.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA, 2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 151-159P
[41]Cabric D, Mishra SM, Brodersen RW. Implementation issues in spectrum sensing for cognitive radio.38th Asilomar Conference on Signals. Systems and Computers,2004, Paciffic Grove, CA, USA,2004:137-143P
[42]E. P. C.Kao. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. Thomson Press,2003
[43]Zhao J, Zheng H, Yang G H. Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks.2005 First IEEE International Symposium, Maryland USA,2005. New Frontier in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005: 259-268P
[44]H.Urkowit. Energy detection of unknown deterministic signal. Proc. IEEE. 1967,55(4):523-531P
[45]Amod V. Dandawate. Statistical Test for presence of Cyclostationarity. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.1994,42(9), 2355-2369P
[46]Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto, Guerino Gianeola著，葛利嘉，朱林，袁 晓芳,陈帮富等译.超宽带无线电基础.北京：电子工业出版社,2005：131-161页
[47]J.T. Conroy, J. LoCicero, D. W. Ucci. Communication Techniques Using Monopulse Waveforms. IEEE MILCOM, Atlantic City, New Jersey, 1999,22-27P
[48]Luo Xiliang, Yang Liuqing, Giannnakis G B. Designing optimal pulse-shaper for ultra-wideband radios.2003 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband and System and Technologies, Baltimore, USA,2003:349-353P
[49]张洪欣,吕英华,贺鹏飞,等.利用小波函数生成UWB正交成形脉冲序列的方法.北京邮电大学学报,2006,29(4)：65-68页
[50]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Nagasaka Hiroyuki. Ultra Wideband impulse radio using free-verse pulse waveform shaping, Soft-Spectrum Adaptation and local sine template receiving. IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks,2003
[51]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Ogawa Hiroyo. CRL-UWB Consortium's Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY proposal for IEEE 802.15.3a. IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks,2003
[52]Kohno Ryuji, Zhang Honggang, Ogawa Hiroyo. CRL-UWB Consortium's Soft-Spectrum UWB PHY proposal update for IEEE 802.15.3a IEEE P802.15-03/097r5,2003
[53]Zhang Honggang, Kohno Ryuji. Soft Spectrum Adaptation in UWB impulse radio.14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor& Mobile Radio Communication, Beijing, China,2003:289-293P
[54]Zhang Honggang, Kohno Ryuji. SSA realization in UWB multiple access systems based on prolate spheroidal wave functions. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networkintg Conference,2004:1794-1799P
[55]Usuda K, Zhang Honggang, Nakagawa M. M-ary pulse shape modulation for PSWF-based UWB systems in multipath fading environment. IEEE Global Telecommunication Conference 2004, Dallas Texas, USA,2004: 3498-3504P
[56]PARR B, CHO B, WALLACE K. A novel ultra-wideband pulse design algorithm. IEEE Communication Letters.2003,7(5):219-221P
[57]Dilmaghani R S, Ghavami M, Allen Ben, Aghvami H. Novel UWB pulse shaping using prolate spheroidal wave functions.14th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor& Mobile Radio Communications, Beijing, China,2003:602-606P
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