基于3S一体化的土地资源动态监测的研究
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摘要
3S技术是研究土地利用动态变化的重要技术手段,具有传统方法无法比拟的优越性。GPS用于对变化区域进行现场精确定位和实测;RS技术具有快速、实时、客观的优势,它能提供多波段、多时相、不同分辨率的大范围信息;GIS技术除了具备机助制图功能,更重要的是它具有对地理空间数据的强大分析、处理功能。结合3S技术对土地利用进行动态监测,不仅能及时准确提供土地利用现状信息,而且,根据多个时相的影像叠加处理,能从宏观和微观两方面观察土地利用在结构、比例、类型等的变化过程。这些信息无疑为土地管理有关部门的决策者作出快速、果断的决策提供了最直接、客观的依据。
瑞安市地处中国东南沿海,位于上海经济开发区之南,是目前我国的百强县(市)之一。正因为其经济发展的迅速,使得它的土地利用变化程度异常的激烈,尤其是耕地的减少和建设用地的增加。
本文采用GIS矢量数据与RS影像的融合影像的解译来提取土地利用变化信息的手段,结合GIS和GPS对瑞安市2002-2006年间土地利用变化进行动态监测;采用3S技术相结合的方法分析瑞安市研究期内的动态变化;利用马尔柯夫模型建立瑞安市土地利用变化的转移矩阵,以实现对未来土地利用变化的预测,为瑞安市土地部门的管理、开发和城市规划建设提供依据和基础资料。
The 3S technology is very important for land use,which can not be compared with the traditional method of superiority. GPS for locating the detected change areas with accurate position data;RS has fast, real-time, objective advantage, and it can offer large range messages of multi-wave bands, multi-time phases, and different resolution ratio; GIS not only possesses graphics function by machine, but also it can analyze, process the datum of geographical space powerfully.Combining 3S technology with the dynamic monitoring of land use change, we can not merely get current accurate situation information of land utilization in time, and according to the overlaying of images of multi-time phases, we also can observe the change course of land utilization in the structure,proportion, and type from two respects of macroscopic and microcosmic.These information has undoubtedly offered the most direct, objective basis for the fact that the policymakers of the related departments of land management make fast, resolute decision.
Ruian city is situated at southeast China the coast, which is one of Chinese's top 100 counties(cities),located the south of Economic Development Zone of Shanghai.It is for this reason for its rapid economic development, making its land-use changed in the degree of abnormality of the intense, especially in the reduction of arable land and the increase of the building.
In this paper, using the interpretation of the image integration of the GIS vector data and the RS images to extract information on land-use change means, It combines GPS and GIS to carry on the dynamic monitoring of land-use changes for Ruian city between 2002-2006years. of the Ryan-year period 2002-2006 the city land-use changes in the dynamic monitoring; Using the way of the integration of 3S technology to analyze the dynamic changes of Ruian during the study period;Using the Markov model to establish the transfer of Ruian’s land-use change matrix, which is in order to achieve the future land-use changes in the forecast. All of those are to provide a basis and the information of foundation for Ruian’s land management and urban planning construction.
瑞安市地处中国东南沿海,位于上海经济开发区之南,是目前我国的百强县(市)之一。正因为其经济发展的迅速,使得它的土地利用变化程度异常的激烈,尤其是耕地的减少和建设用地的增加。
本文采用GIS矢量数据与RS影像的融合影像的解译来提取土地利用变化信息的手段,结合GIS和GPS对瑞安市2002-2006年间土地利用变化进行动态监测;采用3S技术相结合的方法分析瑞安市研究期内的动态变化;利用马尔柯夫模型建立瑞安市土地利用变化的转移矩阵,以实现对未来土地利用变化的预测,为瑞安市土地部门的管理、开发和城市规划建设提供依据和基础资料。
The 3S technology is very important for land use,which can not be compared with the traditional method of superiority. GPS for locating the detected change areas with accurate position data;RS has fast, real-time, objective advantage, and it can offer large range messages of multi-wave bands, multi-time phases, and different resolution ratio; GIS not only possesses graphics function by machine, but also it can analyze, process the datum of geographical space powerfully.Combining 3S technology with the dynamic monitoring of land use change, we can not merely get current accurate situation information of land utilization in time, and according to the overlaying of images of multi-time phases, we also can observe the change course of land utilization in the structure,proportion, and type from two respects of macroscopic and microcosmic.These information has undoubtedly offered the most direct, objective basis for the fact that the policymakers of the related departments of land management make fast, resolute decision.
Ruian city is situated at southeast China the coast, which is one of Chinese's top 100 counties(cities),located the south of Economic Development Zone of Shanghai.It is for this reason for its rapid economic development, making its land-use changed in the degree of abnormality of the intense, especially in the reduction of arable land and the increase of the building.
In this paper, using the interpretation of the image integration of the GIS vector data and the RS images to extract information on land-use change means, It combines GPS and GIS to carry on the dynamic monitoring of land-use changes for Ruian city between 2002-2006years. of the Ryan-year period 2002-2006 the city land-use changes in the dynamic monitoring; Using the way of the integration of 3S technology to analyze the dynamic changes of Ruian during the study period;Using the Markov model to establish the transfer of Ruian’s land-use change matrix, which is in order to achieve the future land-use changes in the forecast. All of those are to provide a basis and the information of foundation for Ruian’s land management and urban planning construction.
引文
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[2] Harini Nagendra, Darla K. Munroe, Jane Southworth. Introduction to the special issue from pattern to process: landscape fragmentation and the analysis of land use/landcover change[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment. 2004 (101):111-115.
[3] Lambin E F, Ehrlich D. Land-cover changes in sub-saharanafrica(1982-1991): application of a change index based on remotely sensed surface temperature and vegetation indices at a continental scale. Remote Sens Environ. 1997(61): 181-200.
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[5]李辉霞,陈国阶,何晓蓉.现阶段我国耕地变化趋势及其驱动力分析李[J].域研究与开发,2004,23 (3): 98-101.
[6] Tom P. Evans, Hugh Kelley. Multi-scale analysis of a household level agent-based model of landcover change[J].Journal of Envimnmental Management,2004 (72):57-72.
[7] Brett A. Bryan. Physical environmental modeling, visualization and query for supporting landscape planning decisions [J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2003(65): 237-259.
[8]张殿发,王世杰,李瑞玲.土地利用/土地覆被变化对长江流域水环境的影响研究[J].地域研究与开发,2003, 22(1): 69-72.
[9]欧阳志云,王如松,符贵南.生态位适宜度模型及其在土地利用适宜性评价中的应用[J].生态学报,1996,16 (2):113-120.
[10]王桥,王文杰,郑丙辉等.中国西部地区生态环境现状遥感调查[J].遥感学报,2003,7(6 ):490-498.
[11]高志强,刘纪远,庄大方等.基于遥感和GIS的中国土地利用/土地覆盖的现状研究[J],遥感学报,1999,2 (3):134-139.
[12]陈百明.试论中国土地利用和土地覆盖变化及其人类驱动力研究[J].自然资源,1997,19(2): 31-36.
[13]王良健,包浩生,彭补拙.基于遥感与GIS的区域土地利用变化的动态监测与预测研究[J].经济地理,2000,20 (2):47251.
[14]周万村,江晓波.川、滇、黔、渝国土资源可持续发展决策支持信息系统建设[J].山地学报, 2000, 18 (6) : 5362540.
[15]燕琴,张继贤,孙晓霞. IKONOS数据在土地利用动态监测中的应用方法研究[J].测绘科学, 2002, 27 (2) : 40242.
[16]冯德俊,李永树,邓芳.基于小波系数差值法的变化信息自动发现[J].遥感信息, 2004 (2) : 13217.
[17]黄福奎,吴豪翔.加拿大的土地利用动态监测[J].中国土地科学,1990(40): 43-47.
[18]冯绮,黄新宇。遥感技术在资源环境监测中的作用及发展趋势[J].遥感技术与应用,1999 14(4): 59-70.
[19]沈润平.土地利用遥感监测的关键技术及其应用研究-以江西都阳湖地区为例[D].浙江:浙江大学博士学位论文,2002.7-8
[20]史培军等.土地利用/覆盖变化研究的方法与实践[M].北京:科学出版社.2000.
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[23]孙家柄,舒宁,关泽群编著.遥感原理方法和应用[M].北京:测绘出版社.1997.
[24] IGBP/HDP.Land Use and Land Cover Change Science/Research Plan[J].IGBPR Rep.1995(35) and HDP Rep.1995(7).
[25]摆万奇,赵士洞.中国土地利用和土地覆被变化研究模型综述[J],自然资源学报,1997, 12 (12):169-175.
[26] Xinhao Wang, Zhi-Yong Yin. Using GIS to assess the relationship between land use and water quality at a watershed level[J].Environment International. 1997, 23(1): 103-114.
[27] Y. Polichtchouk. Geo-information systems and regional environmental prediction[J].Safety Science. 1998(30): 63-70.
[28]郑柄辉,田自强,王文杰,李子成.中国西部地区土地利用\土地覆盖近期动态分析[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):1078-1086.
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