基于GEM模型的江苏制造业集群竞争力研究
摘要
在经济全球化的今天,市场竞争已从企业发展战略向产业集群战略演化。产业集群不仅没有被全球化和一体化浪潮淹没,而且不断涌现和发展壮大,成为全球重要的经济发展战略模式,并构成当今世界经济的基本空间构架。在其成长过程中,产业集群自身的竞争力是决定其兴衰成败的内在机制。产业集群通过协同效应显现出的竞争优势日益受到关注,成为区域参与国际竞争的新生力量。
经过三十年的改革开放,中国制造业集群经历了从无到有、由弱到强的发展道路。江苏作为最先改革开放的地区之一,不断吸引外资,发展民营经济,通过政府引导促进制造业集群的发展,取得了巨大成就。开创了本地“一村一品、一镇一业”的独特的制造业集群发展的道路。但是大多数制造业集群都是劳动密集型产业,生产装备、生产方式、产品技术含量等都处于较低水平;另一方面,由于资源和信息获取条件的限制,集群企业在自主创新和整合能力方面缺乏竞争力。再者,政府过多的干预和不当的引导限制了市场的作用,中介组织和辅助行业发展也不够完善,服务水平有待提高。江苏作为经济大省,制造业集群对全省乃至全国的经济发展的贡献不容忽视,如何促进产业升级、提高自主创新能力、转变政府职能、有效的提升本地制造业集群竞争力是当前最重要的问题之一。
本文首先分析了当今产业集群发展的背景,并对国内外关于产业集群竞争力研究及其评价的研究现状进行了回顾,然后对产业集群竞争力和GEM模型以及产业集群竞争力的来源进行了研究,并从社会学、经济学、管理学的理论角度综合研究了GEM模型与产业集群竞争力的关系,分析了GEM模型在评价产业集群竞争力方面的优势和不足,并对GEM模型进行了有效的改进,在此基础上构建了基于GEM模型的制造业集群竞争力评价指标体系。随后采用专家咨询法和层次分析法确定评价指标及其权重。最后通过对江苏制造业集群竞争力的综合评价以及与浙江、广东制造业集群竞争力的横向比较分析,探讨了基于GEM模型的江苏制造业集群竞争力提升的制约因素,并提出了提升江苏制造业集群竞争力的对策建议。
The global economy is imperative today. Marketing competition has evolved from industry development strategy to industrial cluster strategy. Industrial cluster is not only flooded by the wave of globalization and integration but that constantly emerging and developing from strength to strength. So it is becoming an important mode of global economic development strategy and constitutes a basic space framework of today’s global economy. In the process of growth the competence of industrial cluster is the internal generative mechanism which decides the ebb and flow of industrial cluster. Through synergism the competence of industrial cluster is of catholic concern and become new blood in order that the areas take part in international competition.
For the past thirty years of reform and opening-up, manufacturing industrial clusters underwent great changes in China, which developed from none to existence, from weak to strong. As one of the open area which began at the earliest Jiangsu continued to attract foreign funds, develop private economy, promote manufacturing industrial clusters, and have succeeded to admiration. Jiangsu created a new special road named“one country one product, one town one industrial”. But most of manufacturing industrial clusters is labor-intensive industries, the production methods, the technological content of the products are at a low level. Meanwhile, due to limitation of getting recourse and information they are weak in the self-determination innovation ability and integration capacity. Again, local government’s interference restrict the role of market, agent and supplementary industry are not perfect. As large economic province of china, it can’t afford to neglect contribution of manufacturing industrial clusters to economy. How to work for upgrade industries, how to raise innovation ability, how to transform the government functions, how to effectively promote of manufacture, which is one of most important problem at present.
The article reviews the studies of competition and its evaluation at first. Then it introduces GEM model and, analyses the relationship of them. It also analyses advantages and disadvantages of GEM model based on the views of demo tics, economics and management, and the origin of competence of industrial cluster. Moreover, it which improved GEM model makes systems analysis of the key factors of the evaluating system, and selects the most measurable and scientific key factors by consulting management experts and using the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Finally, it makes a comprehensive evaluation on competence of manufacturing industrial clusters in Jiangsu province and compares the results with those in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces. According to the result, it points out the main problems which obstruct the advancement of the competitive competence of in Jiangsu province, and provides solutions to improve the competence of manufacturing industrial clusters in Jiangsu Province.
经过三十年的改革开放,中国制造业集群经历了从无到有、由弱到强的发展道路。江苏作为最先改革开放的地区之一,不断吸引外资,发展民营经济,通过政府引导促进制造业集群的发展,取得了巨大成就。开创了本地“一村一品、一镇一业”的独特的制造业集群发展的道路。但是大多数制造业集群都是劳动密集型产业,生产装备、生产方式、产品技术含量等都处于较低水平;另一方面,由于资源和信息获取条件的限制,集群企业在自主创新和整合能力方面缺乏竞争力。再者,政府过多的干预和不当的引导限制了市场的作用,中介组织和辅助行业发展也不够完善,服务水平有待提高。江苏作为经济大省,制造业集群对全省乃至全国的经济发展的贡献不容忽视,如何促进产业升级、提高自主创新能力、转变政府职能、有效的提升本地制造业集群竞争力是当前最重要的问题之一。
本文首先分析了当今产业集群发展的背景,并对国内外关于产业集群竞争力研究及其评价的研究现状进行了回顾,然后对产业集群竞争力和GEM模型以及产业集群竞争力的来源进行了研究,并从社会学、经济学、管理学的理论角度综合研究了GEM模型与产业集群竞争力的关系,分析了GEM模型在评价产业集群竞争力方面的优势和不足,并对GEM模型进行了有效的改进,在此基础上构建了基于GEM模型的制造业集群竞争力评价指标体系。随后采用专家咨询法和层次分析法确定评价指标及其权重。最后通过对江苏制造业集群竞争力的综合评价以及与浙江、广东制造业集群竞争力的横向比较分析,探讨了基于GEM模型的江苏制造业集群竞争力提升的制约因素,并提出了提升江苏制造业集群竞争力的对策建议。
The global economy is imperative today. Marketing competition has evolved from industry development strategy to industrial cluster strategy. Industrial cluster is not only flooded by the wave of globalization and integration but that constantly emerging and developing from strength to strength. So it is becoming an important mode of global economic development strategy and constitutes a basic space framework of today’s global economy. In the process of growth the competence of industrial cluster is the internal generative mechanism which decides the ebb and flow of industrial cluster. Through synergism the competence of industrial cluster is of catholic concern and become new blood in order that the areas take part in international competition.
For the past thirty years of reform and opening-up, manufacturing industrial clusters underwent great changes in China, which developed from none to existence, from weak to strong. As one of the open area which began at the earliest Jiangsu continued to attract foreign funds, develop private economy, promote manufacturing industrial clusters, and have succeeded to admiration. Jiangsu created a new special road named“one country one product, one town one industrial”. But most of manufacturing industrial clusters is labor-intensive industries, the production methods, the technological content of the products are at a low level. Meanwhile, due to limitation of getting recourse and information they are weak in the self-determination innovation ability and integration capacity. Again, local government’s interference restrict the role of market, agent and supplementary industry are not perfect. As large economic province of china, it can’t afford to neglect contribution of manufacturing industrial clusters to economy. How to work for upgrade industries, how to raise innovation ability, how to transform the government functions, how to effectively promote of manufacture, which is one of most important problem at present.
The article reviews the studies of competition and its evaluation at first. Then it introduces GEM model and, analyses the relationship of them. It also analyses advantages and disadvantages of GEM model based on the views of demo tics, economics and management, and the origin of competence of industrial cluster. Moreover, it which improved GEM model makes systems analysis of the key factors of the evaluating system, and selects the most measurable and scientific key factors by consulting management experts and using the method of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). Finally, it makes a comprehensive evaluation on competence of manufacturing industrial clusters in Jiangsu province and compares the results with those in Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces. According to the result, it points out the main problems which obstruct the advancement of the competitive competence of in Jiangsu province, and provides solutions to improve the competence of manufacturing industrial clusters in Jiangsu Province.
引文
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