低噪声、高PSRR LDO电压调节器的设计
|
摘要
低压差线性稳压器(LDO)以其高PSRR、超低噪声、微功耗和极低的成本、外围器件少等优点将在电源管理市场上占有重要的一席。它被广泛应用于汽车电子产品、便携式电子设备、通讯设备、工业和医疗设备领域。因此,开展本课题的研究具有特别重大的现实意义。
本文设计了一款高电源抑制比、低噪声低压差线性稳压器芯片,它采用0.5微米CMOS工艺设计,有良好的电源抑制比(低频时超过75dB),支持较宽的输入电压范围(2.5～6V),输出电压为1.8V,在典型电流(500mA)情况下,压差为150mV。该电路主要用作对电源敏感的后级电路(如射频电路、VCO等)的电源电压。此外,芯片中还集成了过流保护电路和过热保护电路,保证电路的安全工作。基于以上技术优势,该芯片适用于手机、数码相机、mp3、mp4播放器、PDA等手提移动设备的供电模块。
本文首先阐述了低压差线性稳压器的基本理论,包括基本工作原理和主要的电路指标,然后根据性能需要进行了深入的技术研究和完整的电路设计。借助设计软件Cadence对电路进行了完整的设计和仿真,给出了合理的电路数据。仿真结果表明该电路实现了设计功能,达到了预定的设计指标。最后对全文进行了总结。
The low dropout (LDO) linear regulator with high PSRR, ultra low noise, micro power loss and the lowest cost, few off-chips components will be holding an important position on market of power management. It is applied broadly in automobile electronic equipments, portable communications equipments, industrial and medical fields. Therefore, it is of great important to study the low-dropout linear voltage regulator circuit.
The object of this thesis is to design a high power supply rejection ratio(PSRR)、low noise low-dropout linear voltage regulator. It adopts 0.5μm CMOS process,which has the high power supply rejection ratio (more than 75dB at low frequency), wide input voltage range (2.5-6V).The output voltage is 1.8V. When the load current is 500mA, the dropout voltage is only 150mV. The circuits is primarily used to power supply of the circuit, which is sensitive to power ripple ,such as RF,VCO and so on .In addition, the thermal shutdown and current limit sub-blocks are also integrated in this chip, which guarantee the electric circuit working in safe operation area. It is used as power supply for those systems:handset,MP3 player、MP4 player、PDA, numeral camera and so on based on the above technical advantages .
During circuit designing, the basic theory of LDO linear voltage regulator, including basic working principle and the main circuit parameters, is given first. Then the technique is studied and whole circuit of the IC is designed based on the performance requirement. Applying Cadence, the whole chip and its sub-block circuits are simulated and more, the reasonable electric circuit data are given. The simulation results indicate that the IC has achieved their function object.
本文设计了一款高电源抑制比、低噪声低压差线性稳压器芯片,它采用0.5微米CMOS工艺设计,有良好的电源抑制比(低频时超过75dB),支持较宽的输入电压范围(2.5～6V),输出电压为1.8V,在典型电流(500mA)情况下,压差为150mV。该电路主要用作对电源敏感的后级电路(如射频电路、VCO等)的电源电压。此外,芯片中还集成了过流保护电路和过热保护电路,保证电路的安全工作。基于以上技术优势,该芯片适用于手机、数码相机、mp3、mp4播放器、PDA等手提移动设备的供电模块。
本文首先阐述了低压差线性稳压器的基本理论,包括基本工作原理和主要的电路指标,然后根据性能需要进行了深入的技术研究和完整的电路设计。借助设计软件Cadence对电路进行了完整的设计和仿真,给出了合理的电路数据。仿真结果表明该电路实现了设计功能,达到了预定的设计指标。最后对全文进行了总结。
The low dropout (LDO) linear regulator with high PSRR, ultra low noise, micro power loss and the lowest cost, few off-chips components will be holding an important position on market of power management. It is applied broadly in automobile electronic equipments, portable communications equipments, industrial and medical fields. Therefore, it is of great important to study the low-dropout linear voltage regulator circuit.
The object of this thesis is to design a high power supply rejection ratio(PSRR)、low noise low-dropout linear voltage regulator. It adopts 0.5μm CMOS process,which has the high power supply rejection ratio (more than 75dB at low frequency), wide input voltage range (2.5-6V).The output voltage is 1.8V. When the load current is 500mA, the dropout voltage is only 150mV. The circuits is primarily used to power supply of the circuit, which is sensitive to power ripple ,such as RF,VCO and so on .In addition, the thermal shutdown and current limit sub-blocks are also integrated in this chip, which guarantee the electric circuit working in safe operation area. It is used as power supply for those systems:handset,MP3 player、MP4 player、PDA, numeral camera and so on based on the above technical advantages .
During circuit designing, the basic theory of LDO linear voltage regulator, including basic working principle and the main circuit parameters, is given first. Then the technique is studied and whole circuit of the IC is designed based on the performance requirement. Applying Cadence, the whole chip and its sub-block circuits are simulated and more, the reasonable electric circuit data are given. The simulation results indicate that the IC has achieved their function object.
引文
[1]“电源管理:半导体市场中跳动的音符”电子工程专辑 2006.1。
[2]“中国电源管理芯片市场发展现状与未来趋势”电子工程世界 2008.7
[3]张立,赵永健,“现代电力电子技术”,北京:科学出版社,1992。
[4]“当今电源管理技术呈现四大发展趋势”电子系统设计 2006.6
[5]王梓.低功耗、耐高温的线性稳压器的设计与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[6]张娜娜.高电源抑制比低压差线性稳压器的设计与研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2007,1
[7]王兴君,曲宝鹏,刘鸿燕等.CMOS稳压器XD1095的设计 电子科技.2005
[8]模拟CMOS集成电路设计[美]毕查德.拉扎维 著 陈贵灿等译 西安交通大学出版社.2003,172-182,312-315
[9]彭增发,黄展,毛友德等.一种新型的高噪声抑制比及高温度稳定性的基准电压产生器.微电子技术[J],2003,33(3):51-55
[10]黄晨,汪贵平.带隙型集成电压基准源的原理及应用.西安公路学院学报,1994,14(2):148-152
[11]马克·皮尔森,金国峰.电压基准源的合理选择.电测与仪表,2001,38(424):52-53
[12]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(上).模拟器件天地.1999,6:9-11
[13]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(下).模拟器件天地.1999,7:8-10
[14]黎海明.高性能CMOS带隙电压基准源的研究与设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文2006,1
[15]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(下).模拟器件天地.1999,7:10-11
[16]翟美霞.CMOS带隙基准源的研究与实现.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[17]陈浩琼,高清运,秦世才.带隙基准电压的误差及改进.固体电子学研究与进 展,2005,25(4):531-534
[18]段尚枢.运算放大器应用基础.哈尔宾工业大学出版社,1998
[19]Plilip E.Allen著,冯军等译.CMOS模拟集成电路设计.电子工业出版社2005.3P123-125
[20]华帅.全差分低噪声运算放大器的研究与设计.国防科技大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[21]马勋等:LDO降压转换器的稳定性分析[J]微电子学,VOL.34,No.2,204.04,P:142-147
[22]刘鸿雁.微功耗低噪声线性稳压ASIC的设计.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[23]李先锐.超低漏、低噪声CMOS稳压器ASIC的研究与实现.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2003,1.
[24]R.Perez,"A Comparative Assessment between Linear and Switching Power Supplies in Portable Electronic Devices",IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,vol.2,2000,pp.839-843
[25]Keith Billings,"Switching Power Supply Handbook",2nded.Mc.Graw Hill,1999
[26]"Rincon-Mora G A,Allen P A.A Low-voltage,low-quiescent current,low-dropout regulator,IEEE J.of Solid-State Circuits,1998,33(1):36-44"
[27]G.A.Rincon-Mora and P.E.Allen,"Study and design of low drop-out regulators".Submitted to IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.
[28]Linear and Switching Voltage Regulator Fundamentals,National Semiconductor Application not.1999
[29]Tom Kugelstadt.Fundamental Theory of PMOS Low-Dropout Voltage regulators,TI Company,Inc.,1999[30]Jeff.Falin.ESR,Stability,and the LDO Regulator.Ti Company,Inc.,2002[31]V Gupta,G A Rincon-Mora,Predicting and designing for the impact of process variations and mismatch on the trim range and yield of bandgap references.IEEE Sixth International Symposiumon Quality of Electronic Design,2005:503-508
[32]Takeshi Fukumoto,Hiroyuki Okada,Kazuyuki Nakamura.Optimizing Bias-circuit Design of Cascode Operational Amplifier for wide Dynamic Range Operations. Semiconductor Technology Academic Research.2001 ,pp:305-310
[33]So-bong shin,sang-gug Lee. An Adaptive Bias Circuits for High Effciency Power AMP.IEEE Journal,2000pp:30-33
[34]Zeki A ,Kuntman H.Accurate and high output impedance current mirror suitable for CMOS current output stages. Electronics Letters, 1997,33(12): 1042-1043
[35]Baker M,W Sarpeshkar R. A Low-power High PSRR current-mode microphone preamplifier. Solid-state Circuits,2003,38(10):1671-1678
[36]Bang S.Lee. Technical Review of Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Operation and Performance ,Mixed Signal Products. 1999
[37]Tom Kugelstadt. Fundamental Theory of PMOS Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators.Mixed-signal Products. 1999:1 -5
[38]Martin Galinski.High Current LDO With Foldback Current Limiting. Micrel Application Hint 46.sep,2003,
[2]“中国电源管理芯片市场发展现状与未来趋势”电子工程世界 2008.7
[3]张立,赵永健,“现代电力电子技术”,北京:科学出版社,1992。
[4]“当今电源管理技术呈现四大发展趋势”电子系统设计 2006.6
[5]王梓.低功耗、耐高温的线性稳压器的设计与实现.浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[6]张娜娜.高电源抑制比低压差线性稳压器的设计与研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2007,1
[7]王兴君,曲宝鹏,刘鸿燕等.CMOS稳压器XD1095的设计 电子科技.2005
[8]模拟CMOS集成电路设计[美]毕查德.拉扎维 著 陈贵灿等译 西安交通大学出版社.2003,172-182,312-315
[9]彭增发,黄展,毛友德等.一种新型的高噪声抑制比及高温度稳定性的基准电压产生器.微电子技术[J],2003,33(3):51-55
[10]黄晨,汪贵平.带隙型集成电压基准源的原理及应用.西安公路学院学报,1994,14(2):148-152
[11]马克·皮尔森,金国峰.电压基准源的合理选择.电测与仪表,2001,38(424):52-53
[12]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(上).模拟器件天地.1999,6:9-11
[13]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(下).模拟器件天地.1999,7:8-10
[14]黎海明.高性能CMOS带隙电压基准源的研究与设计.电子科技大学硕士学位论文2006,1
[15]高工,许刚.精密基准电压源的设计思路与应用考虑(下).模拟器件天地.1999,7:10-11
[16]翟美霞.CMOS带隙基准源的研究与实现.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[17]陈浩琼,高清运,秦世才.带隙基准电压的误差及改进.固体电子学研究与进 展,2005,25(4):531-534
[18]段尚枢.运算放大器应用基础.哈尔宾工业大学出版社,1998
[19]Plilip E.Allen著,冯军等译.CMOS模拟集成电路设计.电子工业出版社2005.3P123-125
[20]华帅.全差分低噪声运算放大器的研究与设计.国防科技大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[21]马勋等:LDO降压转换器的稳定性分析[J]微电子学,VOL.34,No.2,204.04,P:142-147
[22]刘鸿雁.微功耗低噪声线性稳压ASIC的设计.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2006,1
[23]李先锐.超低漏、低噪声CMOS稳压器ASIC的研究与实现.西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2003,1.
[24]R.Perez,"A Comparative Assessment between Linear and Switching Power Supplies in Portable Electronic Devices",IEEE Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,vol.2,2000,pp.839-843
[25]Keith Billings,"Switching Power Supply Handbook",2nded.Mc.Graw Hill,1999
[26]"Rincon-Mora G A,Allen P A.A Low-voltage,low-quiescent current,low-dropout regulator,IEEE J.of Solid-State Circuits,1998,33(1):36-44"
[27]G.A.Rincon-Mora and P.E.Allen,"Study and design of low drop-out regulators".Submitted to IEEE Trans.Circuits Syst.
[28]Linear and Switching Voltage Regulator Fundamentals,National Semiconductor Application not.1999
[29]Tom Kugelstadt.Fundamental Theory of PMOS Low-Dropout Voltage regulators,TI Company,Inc.,1999[30]Jeff.Falin.ESR,Stability,and the LDO Regulator.Ti Company,Inc.,2002[31]V Gupta,G A Rincon-Mora,Predicting and designing for the impact of process variations and mismatch on the trim range and yield of bandgap references.IEEE Sixth International Symposiumon Quality of Electronic Design,2005:503-508
[32]Takeshi Fukumoto,Hiroyuki Okada,Kazuyuki Nakamura.Optimizing Bias-circuit Design of Cascode Operational Amplifier for wide Dynamic Range Operations. Semiconductor Technology Academic Research.2001 ,pp:305-310
[33]So-bong shin,sang-gug Lee. An Adaptive Bias Circuits for High Effciency Power AMP.IEEE Journal,2000pp:30-33
[34]Zeki A ,Kuntman H.Accurate and high output impedance current mirror suitable for CMOS current output stages. Electronics Letters, 1997,33(12): 1042-1043
[35]Baker M,W Sarpeshkar R. A Low-power High PSRR current-mode microphone preamplifier. Solid-state Circuits,2003,38(10):1671-1678
[36]Bang S.Lee. Technical Review of Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Operation and Performance ,Mixed Signal Products. 1999
[37]Tom Kugelstadt. Fundamental Theory of PMOS Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators.Mixed-signal Products. 1999:1 -5
[38]Martin Galinski.High Current LDO With Foldback Current Limiting. Micrel Application Hint 46.sep,2003,