UAFB-缺氧—好氧MBR组合工艺处理生活污水效能的研究
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摘要
面对能源危机、水资源紧缺等问题,生活污水资源化利用已经成为社会发展的趋势之一。为了同时达到从生活污水中回收能源性气体和深度处理生活污水的目的,试验采用升流式厌氧污泥固定床(Up-flow Anaerobic Fixed Bed,UAFB)-缺氧-好氧膜生物反应(Membrane Bioreactor,MBR)组合工艺处理生活污水。
试验重点研究了不同HRT和温度对UAFB转化有机物途径的影响、不同有机负荷和HRT对缺氧-好氧MBR运行效能的影响,以及组合工艺在优化参数条件下耦合运行时对生活污水的处理效能,包括能源性气体的产生效能、对污染物质的处理效能、以及对污泥浓度的控制。
不同HRT和温度主要通过影响产甲烷菌的活性,对UAFB转化有机物途径产生影响,研究结果表明,HRT为3h时UAFB将生活污水中溶解性有机物转化为气态CH4与VFAs的比例相当,而且HRT=3h、温度20℃的条件下,出水COD为170mg/L,其中VFAs总量可以达到58.07mg/L,消化气体产生量为1.61L/d,为各试验条件下的最大值。
不同进水有机负荷和HRT都会不同程度的影响缺氧-好氧MBR运行的效能,其中不同进水有机负荷是在水质耦合的基础上,以UAFB不同HRT条件下运行为依托进行,进水有机负荷的增加会提高系统对COD的去除率,而稳定高效去除NH+4-N的有机负荷条件为0.072gCOD/gMLSS,研究中同时发现,HRT=2.5h时,系统对COD、NH+4-N和三氮和的去除效率分别为89.99%、99.93%和63.03%,为不同HRT条件下的最佳值。
UAFB-缺氧-好氧MBR组合工艺在温度20℃、HRT为9.5h的条件下耦合运行时,消化气体产生量为1.55L/d,COD去除率为93.28%,NH+4-N去除率为90.60%,UAFB出水VFAs总量54.74mg/L,相应NO-3-N的积累率为45.19%,TN去除率为45.51%。另外,通过基于某污水处理厂的经济评价可知,拟建组合工艺污水处理厂基建投资与该污水处理厂(处理工艺为CAST)相比多47.54%,运行费用多51.08%,利用甲烷发电所回收的价值为运行费用5.4%,而污水回用的价值约为年运行费用的2.54倍,因此污水回用将是污水处理厂创造价值的一个主要平台,也将是今后污水处理厂发展的一个重要方向。
Facing energy crisis, shortage of water resource, domestic wastewater showed an enormous potential on reclaiming energy and reusing wastewater. In this study, the combined treatment process making up of up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed bed (UAFB), anoxic tank and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat domestic wastewater. And the ability of reclaiming methane and reusing wastewater was investigated.
The transformation of organic compound in the UAFB at different HRTUAFB and temperature, the running efficiency of anoxic tank - aerobic MBR at different influent COD and HRT, and the efficiency of the combined treatment process treating wastewater at optimized parameter were studied in this paper.
The transformation of organic compound in the UAFB at different HRTUAFB and temperature showed that, when UAFB run at HRT 3h and 20℃, influent soluble organic compound transformed into CH4 was as much as that transformed into VFAs, which means the UAFB used influent soluble COD in best way for reclaiming methane and nitrogen removal. At this run parameter, the UAFB effluent COD was 170mg/L including total VFAs 58.07mg/L, and anaerobic gas production was 1616ml/d which was the best at all parameters.
The running efficiency of anoxic tank - aerobic MBR at different influent organic load and HRT showed that, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency and NO-3-N accumulating rate could achieve a better level with higher influent organic load. The study also found that when anoxic tank - aerobic MBR run at HRT 2.5h, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency were 89.99 and 99.93% respectively and NO-3-N accumulating rate was 36.90% which was the highest at different HRTs.
The combined treatment process treating domestic wastewater run at optimized parameter (20℃, HRT were 3h, 3h, 3.5h) indicated that, the anaerobic gas production was 1545ml/d, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency were 93.28% and 90.60% respectively, UAFB effluent including 54.74mg/L of total VFAs, corresponding NO-3-N accumulating rate was 45.19% and TN removal efficiency was 45.51%. At the same time, according to the economy evaluation compared with Shuang-cheng wastewater treatment plant, we found that the investment of the combined treatment process wastewater treatment plant will be 47.54% more and running expense will be 51.08% more, the value of reclaim methane will be 5.4% of running expense. However, the value of reusing wastewater will be 2.54 time of running expense. So reusing wastewater will be the most important way to create economy value in wastewater treatment plant and reusing wastewater will be the development trend of wastewater treatment plant.
试验重点研究了不同HRT和温度对UAFB转化有机物途径的影响、不同有机负荷和HRT对缺氧-好氧MBR运行效能的影响,以及组合工艺在优化参数条件下耦合运行时对生活污水的处理效能,包括能源性气体的产生效能、对污染物质的处理效能、以及对污泥浓度的控制。
不同HRT和温度主要通过影响产甲烷菌的活性,对UAFB转化有机物途径产生影响,研究结果表明,HRT为3h时UAFB将生活污水中溶解性有机物转化为气态CH4与VFAs的比例相当,而且HRT=3h、温度20℃的条件下,出水COD为170mg/L,其中VFAs总量可以达到58.07mg/L,消化气体产生量为1.61L/d,为各试验条件下的最大值。
不同进水有机负荷和HRT都会不同程度的影响缺氧-好氧MBR运行的效能,其中不同进水有机负荷是在水质耦合的基础上,以UAFB不同HRT条件下运行为依托进行,进水有机负荷的增加会提高系统对COD的去除率,而稳定高效去除NH+4-N的有机负荷条件为0.072gCOD/gMLSS,研究中同时发现,HRT=2.5h时,系统对COD、NH+4-N和三氮和的去除效率分别为89.99%、99.93%和63.03%,为不同HRT条件下的最佳值。
UAFB-缺氧-好氧MBR组合工艺在温度20℃、HRT为9.5h的条件下耦合运行时,消化气体产生量为1.55L/d,COD去除率为93.28%,NH+4-N去除率为90.60%,UAFB出水VFAs总量54.74mg/L,相应NO-3-N的积累率为45.19%,TN去除率为45.51%。另外,通过基于某污水处理厂的经济评价可知,拟建组合工艺污水处理厂基建投资与该污水处理厂(处理工艺为CAST)相比多47.54%,运行费用多51.08%,利用甲烷发电所回收的价值为运行费用5.4%,而污水回用的价值约为年运行费用的2.54倍,因此污水回用将是污水处理厂创造价值的一个主要平台,也将是今后污水处理厂发展的一个重要方向。
Facing energy crisis, shortage of water resource, domestic wastewater showed an enormous potential on reclaiming energy and reusing wastewater. In this study, the combined treatment process making up of up-flow anaerobic sludge fixed bed (UAFB), anoxic tank and aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat domestic wastewater. And the ability of reclaiming methane and reusing wastewater was investigated.
The transformation of organic compound in the UAFB at different HRTUAFB and temperature, the running efficiency of anoxic tank - aerobic MBR at different influent COD and HRT, and the efficiency of the combined treatment process treating wastewater at optimized parameter were studied in this paper.
The transformation of organic compound in the UAFB at different HRTUAFB and temperature showed that, when UAFB run at HRT 3h and 20℃, influent soluble organic compound transformed into CH4 was as much as that transformed into VFAs, which means the UAFB used influent soluble COD in best way for reclaiming methane and nitrogen removal. At this run parameter, the UAFB effluent COD was 170mg/L including total VFAs 58.07mg/L, and anaerobic gas production was 1616ml/d which was the best at all parameters.
The running efficiency of anoxic tank - aerobic MBR at different influent organic load and HRT showed that, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency and NO-3-N accumulating rate could achieve a better level with higher influent organic load. The study also found that when anoxic tank - aerobic MBR run at HRT 2.5h, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency were 89.99 and 99.93% respectively and NO-3-N accumulating rate was 36.90% which was the highest at different HRTs.
The combined treatment process treating domestic wastewater run at optimized parameter (20℃, HRT were 3h, 3h, 3.5h) indicated that, the anaerobic gas production was 1545ml/d, the COD and NH+4-N removal efficiency were 93.28% and 90.60% respectively, UAFB effluent including 54.74mg/L of total VFAs, corresponding NO-3-N accumulating rate was 45.19% and TN removal efficiency was 45.51%. At the same time, according to the economy evaluation compared with Shuang-cheng wastewater treatment plant, we found that the investment of the combined treatment process wastewater treatment plant will be 47.54% more and running expense will be 51.08% more, the value of reclaim methane will be 5.4% of running expense. However, the value of reusing wastewater will be 2.54 time of running expense. So reusing wastewater will be the most important way to create economy value in wastewater treatment plant and reusing wastewater will be the development trend of wastewater treatment plant.
引文
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2 T. Oki, S. Kanae. Global Hydrological Cycles and World Water Resources [J]. 2006, Science 313 (5790): 1068-1072
3 R. A. Kerr, World Oil Crunch Looming [J]. 2008, Science 322 (5905): 1178-1179
4 V. Smil. Energy at the Crossroads Global Perspectives and Uncertainties [M]. MIT Press, 2003
5 T. A. Mohammed, A. H. Birima, M. J. M. M. Noor, S. A. Muyibi, A. Idris. Evaluation of Using Membrane Bioreactor for Treating Municipal Wastewater at Different Operating Conditions [J]. Desalination, 2008, 221: 502-510.
6黄霞,桂萍,范晓军,汪诚文,钱易.膜生物反应器废水处理工艺的研究[J].环境科学研究. 1998, 11(1): 40-44
7匡延云,马克平,白克智.生物质能研发展望[J].中国科学基金. 2005, 6: 326-330
8 P. D. Zakkour, M. R. Gaterell, P. Griffin, R. J. Gochin, J. N. Lester. Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater in Temperate Climates: Treatment Plant Modelling with Economic Considerationgs [J]. Water Research. 2001, 35(17): 4137-4149
9傅金祥,宋琦,李璐.温度对常温UASB运行的影响[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版). 2007, 23(6): 990-993
10 W. Verstraete, P. Vandevivere. Broader and newer applications of anaerobic digestion. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Anaerobic Digestion [C] .Sendai: Sendai Interna2tional Center, 1997. 67 - 74.
11 Hanqing YU, J. H. Tay, F. Wilson. A sustainable Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process for Developing Countries [J]. Wat Sci Tech .1997, 35 (9):191 - 198.
12 U. J. Ndon, R. R. Dague. Effects of Temperature and Hydraulic Retention Time on Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor Treatment of Low-strength Wastewater [J]. Water Research, 1997, 31 (10):2455 - 2466.
13 G. Lettinga, V. Velsen, S. Hobma. Use of the Upflow Sludge Blanket (USB) Rreactor Concept for Biological Waste Water Ttreatment [J]. Biotechnologh and Bioengineering, 1980, 22: 699 -734.
14周琪,袁酮兵,竺建荣,胡纪萃,顾夏声.升流式厌氧污泥床处理生活污水[J].中国给水排水. 1992, 8(4): 45-47
15郭晓磊,胡勇有. UASB处理极低浓度生活污水研究[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 30(3): 66-71.
16杨琦,施汉昌,钱易. UASB反应器处理生活污水的试验研究[J].环境污染治理技术与设备, 2005, 6(11): 75-80.
17赵建夫,蒋柱武.升流式厌氧污泥床反应器处理生活污水的研究[J].同济大学学报. 2000, 28(6): 748-752
18李绍衡.厌氧生物处理技术的原理及其在城市污水处理中的应用[J].湖南大学学报. 2008, 28(3): 16-22
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