活性炭和膨润土强化SBR工艺脱氮性能研究
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摘要
随着水环境污染、水体富营养化、节水问题的尖锐化及公共环境意识的增强,越来越多的国家和地区制定了严格的氮素排放标准。因此,研究和开发经济高效的脱氮污水处理技术已成为水污染控制工程领域的重点和热点课题之一。
本论文在SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor)中分别投加粉末活性炭(PAC)和膨润土,探讨了粉末活性炭和膨润土强化SBR工艺对废水中氮的去除效果和可行性,研究了氨氮的降解动力学过程,并且初步分析了粉末活性炭和膨润土对硝化菌生长的影响及对污泥增殖的影响。通过研究得到以下主要结论：
(1)PAC和膨润土对氨氮均有一定的吸附作用,且后者的吸附效果明显好于前者。
(2)投加PAC的SBR工艺(简称为PAC-SBR工艺)的氨氮和总氮去除率最高,分别达到96%和30%；其次是投加膨润土的SBR工艺(简称为膨润土-SBR工艺),氨氮和总氮去除率分别为92%和24%；常规SBR工艺(不投加填料)氨氮和总氮去除率分别为84%和18%。结果表明,投加PAC和膨润土,不仅增强了系统的硝化功能,也有助于反硝化反应的进行,从而提高了系统的总氮去除能力。
(3)随着反应器运行时间的增长,三种工艺中活性污泥的亚硝化耗氧速率和硝化耗氧速率均呈现出上升趋势：增长最快的是PAC-SBR工艺中的活性污泥；其次是膨润土-SBR工艺中的活性污泥；最后是常规SBR工艺中的活性污泥。由此可见,投加PAC和膨润土,会提高污泥的亚硝化活性和硝化活性。
(4)对反应器内硝化反应动力学过程的研究表明,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺的饱和常数ks比常规SBR工艺高,说明在同等条件下,去除相同的氨氮量,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺比常规SBR工艺所需的反应时间短,或在相同的反应时间内所去除的氨氮较多,从反应动力学角度说明了投加PAC和膨润土能提高生物处理系统对氨氮的去除效果。
(5)对反应器内污泥增殖动力学过程研究表明,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺的Y值和Kd值分别比常规SBR工艺的Y值和Kd值高0.0724 kgVSS/kg COD、0.0424 kgVSS/kg COD和0.0316d-1、0.0133 d-1,说明PAC和膨润土的投加对活性污泥微生物的生长动力学存在较明显影响。
With the increment of water pollution, eutrophication, water-saving problems and a public awarenessof environment, more and more countries and regions have formulated strict emission standards for nitrogen. Therefore research and development of high-effect technology of nutrient removal wastewater treatment become the focus of subject in the field of water pollution control projects.
This paper intended to add powder activated carbon (PAC) and the bentonite in SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor), respectively and discuss the effectiveness and feasibility of nitrogen treatment by powdered activated carbon and bentonite enhanced SBR. It also studied the Ammonia-nitrogen degradation dynamics process, and the impact of powder activated carbon and bentonite over nitrification bacterium growth and the sludge proliferation.
(1)PAC and bentonite could adsorp ammonia, and the latter's adsorption was significantly better than the former.
(2)Ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates of PAC-SBR system were maximal, reaching 96% and 30% respectively, it followed by bentonite-SBR system, of which ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 92% and 24%; in contrast, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates of conventional SBR system were 84% and 18%. The results showed that dosing PAC and bentonite, not only enhanced the system's nitrification function, but also contributed to denitrification reaction, thus improving the system's total nitrogen removal capacity.
(3) When the reactors worked, the average oxidation rates of NH4+-N and NO2--N of three devices all displayed an upward trend:Among them, the fastest growing was the activated sludge in PAC-SBR system; it followed by activated sludge in bentonite-SBR system; finally it was activated sludge in conventional SBR system. Thus, dosing PAC and bentonite were associated with the improvement of the nitrosation activity and the nitrification activity of sludge.
(4)The study of degradation dynamics in nitrogen degradation process of three devices showed that the saturation constant ks of PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR processes was higher than that of conventional SBR process. Namely, under the same conditions, PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR processes spent less time on removing the same amount of nitrogen than SBR system did. Consequently, from the kinetic point of view, the dosage of PAC and bentonit to SBR could improve the nitrogen removal rate of microbe treatment system.
(5)The values Y and Kd of PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR system were higher than those of SBR progress. This result showed that PAC and Bentonite had significant effect on the microbial growth kinetics.
本论文在SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor)中分别投加粉末活性炭(PAC)和膨润土,探讨了粉末活性炭和膨润土强化SBR工艺对废水中氮的去除效果和可行性,研究了氨氮的降解动力学过程,并且初步分析了粉末活性炭和膨润土对硝化菌生长的影响及对污泥增殖的影响。通过研究得到以下主要结论：
(1)PAC和膨润土对氨氮均有一定的吸附作用,且后者的吸附效果明显好于前者。
(2)投加PAC的SBR工艺(简称为PAC-SBR工艺)的氨氮和总氮去除率最高,分别达到96%和30%；其次是投加膨润土的SBR工艺(简称为膨润土-SBR工艺),氨氮和总氮去除率分别为92%和24%；常规SBR工艺(不投加填料)氨氮和总氮去除率分别为84%和18%。结果表明,投加PAC和膨润土,不仅增强了系统的硝化功能,也有助于反硝化反应的进行,从而提高了系统的总氮去除能力。
(3)随着反应器运行时间的增长,三种工艺中活性污泥的亚硝化耗氧速率和硝化耗氧速率均呈现出上升趋势：增长最快的是PAC-SBR工艺中的活性污泥；其次是膨润土-SBR工艺中的活性污泥；最后是常规SBR工艺中的活性污泥。由此可见,投加PAC和膨润土,会提高污泥的亚硝化活性和硝化活性。
(4)对反应器内硝化反应动力学过程的研究表明,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺的饱和常数ks比常规SBR工艺高,说明在同等条件下,去除相同的氨氮量,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺比常规SBR工艺所需的反应时间短,或在相同的反应时间内所去除的氨氮较多,从反应动力学角度说明了投加PAC和膨润土能提高生物处理系统对氨氮的去除效果。
(5)对反应器内污泥增殖动力学过程研究表明,PAC-SBR工艺和膨润土-SBR工艺的Y值和Kd值分别比常规SBR工艺的Y值和Kd值高0.0724 kgVSS/kg COD、0.0424 kgVSS/kg COD和0.0316d-1、0.0133 d-1,说明PAC和膨润土的投加对活性污泥微生物的生长动力学存在较明显影响。
With the increment of water pollution, eutrophication, water-saving problems and a public awarenessof environment, more and more countries and regions have formulated strict emission standards for nitrogen. Therefore research and development of high-effect technology of nutrient removal wastewater treatment become the focus of subject in the field of water pollution control projects.
This paper intended to add powder activated carbon (PAC) and the bentonite in SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor), respectively and discuss the effectiveness and feasibility of nitrogen treatment by powdered activated carbon and bentonite enhanced SBR. It also studied the Ammonia-nitrogen degradation dynamics process, and the impact of powder activated carbon and bentonite over nitrification bacterium growth and the sludge proliferation.
(1)PAC and bentonite could adsorp ammonia, and the latter's adsorption was significantly better than the former.
(2)Ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates of PAC-SBR system were maximal, reaching 96% and 30% respectively, it followed by bentonite-SBR system, of which ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates were 92% and 24%; in contrast, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen removal rates of conventional SBR system were 84% and 18%. The results showed that dosing PAC and bentonite, not only enhanced the system's nitrification function, but also contributed to denitrification reaction, thus improving the system's total nitrogen removal capacity.
(3) When the reactors worked, the average oxidation rates of NH4+-N and NO2--N of three devices all displayed an upward trend:Among them, the fastest growing was the activated sludge in PAC-SBR system; it followed by activated sludge in bentonite-SBR system; finally it was activated sludge in conventional SBR system. Thus, dosing PAC and bentonite were associated with the improvement of the nitrosation activity and the nitrification activity of sludge.
(4)The study of degradation dynamics in nitrogen degradation process of three devices showed that the saturation constant ks of PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR processes was higher than that of conventional SBR process. Namely, under the same conditions, PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR processes spent less time on removing the same amount of nitrogen than SBR system did. Consequently, from the kinetic point of view, the dosage of PAC and bentonit to SBR could improve the nitrogen removal rate of microbe treatment system.
(5)The values Y and Kd of PAC-SBR and bentonite-SBR system were higher than those of SBR progress. This result showed that PAC and Bentonite had significant effect on the microbial growth kinetics.
引文
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[3]郝小非,杨卉芃,王虎.膨润土在废水处理中的应用与展望.矿产保护与利用,2008,2(1)：22-25.
[3]郑兴灿,李亚新.污水除磷脱氮技术.第一版.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1998,36-37.
[4]徐亚同,史家梁,张明.污染控制微生物工程.第一版.北京：化学工业出版社,2001.
[5]刘连成.中国湖泊富营养化的现状分析.灾害学,1997,12(3)：61-65.
[6]楼台方,夏中明.氮与水质富营养化.氮肥设计,1996,34(5)：61-62.
[7]谢雄飞,肖锦.水体富营养化问题评述.四川环境,2000,19(2)：22-25.
[8]邓嫔.移动床生物膜反应器中完全亚硝化自养生物膜的研究.湖南大学硕士毕业论文.2007.
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