超滤法处理石油微污染水源水研究
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摘要
论文综合论述了石油微污染水源水水质处理概况,对当前国内外石油微污染水源水处理技术的一般工艺和处理水平进行了归纳总结,采用超滤法针对石油微污染水源水处理作了中试实验研究。探明了超滤膜的材质、截留分子量以及料液浓度、温度、pH等因素对石油去除率的影响。
实验结果表明超滤法对石油微污染水源水中石油类污染物具有良好的去除效果,当水中石油含量≤0.5 mg/L时去除率可以达到100%,当水中石油含量≥1.0mg/L时去除率可以达到80%以上。
实验通过改变石油微污染水源水的pH值,发现当pH≤5时超滤膜对石油的去除率随着pH减小而提高,这是由于在酸性条件下水源水中石油类污染物的负电性下降、疏水性加强,提高了超滤膜对水中石油类污染物的吸附作用,从而使得去除率升高;当石油微污染水源水的pH≥9时超滤膜对石油的去除率随着pH的增大而提高,这是由于在碱性条件下改变了水源水中的石油类污染物表面活性,使得去除率提高。
在超滤过程中,温度对去除水中石油类污染物有很大影响,实验测定了不同温度下超滤膜对水中石油类污染物的去除率,结果发现:当水源水的温度上升时,超滤对水中石油类污染物的去除率明显降低,这是由于随着水源水的温度升高,粘度逐渐减小,石油类污染物的传质效率增大,从而降低了超滤膜的去除率。
不同材质的超滤膜处理石油微污染水源水的实验结果表明:在超滤系统开始运行时,聚砜膜对水中石油污染物的去除率高于聚乙烯膜,当超滤系统运行约30min后,由于超滤膜表面逐渐形成滤饼层,二者的去除率趋于一致,说明超滤膜的材质对石油类污染物的去除率影响不明显。
The paper discusses the general situation of petroleum micropolluted source water treatment,summarized petroleum micropolluted source water treatment system and the leve of treatment,aslo study the developing tendency and ultrafiltration used in this field home and abroad.Use the ultrafiltration treat petroleum micropolluted source water and study the ultraflitration membrane's material,molecular weight cut-offs,and the petroleum micropolluted source water's petroleum concentrations,temperature,pH impact the removal efficiency.
The pilot-scale result show that the ultrafiltration treatment petroleum micropolluted source water treatment have a good effect.When the petroleum is content blowe 0.5mg/L the removal efficiency achieve 100%,When the petroleum is content above 1.0mg/L the removal efficiency more than 80%.
Under the different pH conditions the pilot-scale result show that when the petroleum micropolluted source water's pH blowe 5 the removal efficiency increase with the pH reduction,it's because that in acidic conditions the petroleum's negativity decrease and the hydrophobic strengthen so the membrane could adsorption more petroleum so the removal efficiency increase;When the petroleum micropolluted source water's pH above 9 the removal efficiency increase with the pH elevation,it's because that in alkaline conditions the petroleum's surface activity changed so the removal efficiency increase.
In the ultraflitration process,the petroleum micropolluted source water' temperature have the very tremendous influence about the removal efficiency.The pilot-scale result show that when the petroleum micropolluted source water' temperature increase the removal efficiency decrease,it's it's because that when the temperature increase and the petroleum micropolluted source water' viscosity reduces gradually and the petroleum mass transfer efficiency increase so the removal efficiency decrease.
Under the different ultraflitration membrane's material,the result show that at the beginning running the PS membrane's removal efficiency above PE membrane.After 30 minute,the membrane's surface forms cake level so the two membrane's removal efficiency tends to be consistent.It is said that the ultraflitration membrane's material affect the removal efficiency not obviously.
实验结果表明超滤法对石油微污染水源水中石油类污染物具有良好的去除效果,当水中石油含量≤0.5 mg/L时去除率可以达到100%,当水中石油含量≥1.0mg/L时去除率可以达到80%以上。
实验通过改变石油微污染水源水的pH值,发现当pH≤5时超滤膜对石油的去除率随着pH减小而提高,这是由于在酸性条件下水源水中石油类污染物的负电性下降、疏水性加强,提高了超滤膜对水中石油类污染物的吸附作用,从而使得去除率升高;当石油微污染水源水的pH≥9时超滤膜对石油的去除率随着pH的增大而提高,这是由于在碱性条件下改变了水源水中的石油类污染物表面活性,使得去除率提高。
在超滤过程中,温度对去除水中石油类污染物有很大影响,实验测定了不同温度下超滤膜对水中石油类污染物的去除率,结果发现:当水源水的温度上升时,超滤对水中石油类污染物的去除率明显降低,这是由于随着水源水的温度升高,粘度逐渐减小,石油类污染物的传质效率增大,从而降低了超滤膜的去除率。
不同材质的超滤膜处理石油微污染水源水的实验结果表明:在超滤系统开始运行时,聚砜膜对水中石油污染物的去除率高于聚乙烯膜,当超滤系统运行约30min后,由于超滤膜表面逐渐形成滤饼层,二者的去除率趋于一致,说明超滤膜的材质对石油类污染物的去除率影响不明显。
The paper discusses the general situation of petroleum micropolluted source water treatment,summarized petroleum micropolluted source water treatment system and the leve of treatment,aslo study the developing tendency and ultrafiltration used in this field home and abroad.Use the ultrafiltration treat petroleum micropolluted source water and study the ultraflitration membrane's material,molecular weight cut-offs,and the petroleum micropolluted source water's petroleum concentrations,temperature,pH impact the removal efficiency.
The pilot-scale result show that the ultrafiltration treatment petroleum micropolluted source water treatment have a good effect.When the petroleum is content blowe 0.5mg/L the removal efficiency achieve 100%,When the petroleum is content above 1.0mg/L the removal efficiency more than 80%.
Under the different pH conditions the pilot-scale result show that when the petroleum micropolluted source water's pH blowe 5 the removal efficiency increase with the pH reduction,it's because that in acidic conditions the petroleum's negativity decrease and the hydrophobic strengthen so the membrane could adsorption more petroleum so the removal efficiency increase;When the petroleum micropolluted source water's pH above 9 the removal efficiency increase with the pH elevation,it's because that in alkaline conditions the petroleum's surface activity changed so the removal efficiency increase.
In the ultraflitration process,the petroleum micropolluted source water' temperature have the very tremendous influence about the removal efficiency.The pilot-scale result show that when the petroleum micropolluted source water' temperature increase the removal efficiency decrease,it's it's because that when the temperature increase and the petroleum micropolluted source water' viscosity reduces gradually and the petroleum mass transfer efficiency increase so the removal efficiency decrease.
Under the different ultraflitration membrane's material,the result show that at the beginning running the PS membrane's removal efficiency above PE membrane.After 30 minute,the membrane's surface forms cake level so the two membrane's removal efficiency tends to be consistent.It is said that the ultraflitration membrane's material affect the removal efficiency not obviously.
引文
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[3]陈国华.水体油污染治理[M]北京:化学工业出版社,2002.29
[4]James k.,Principles and applications of dissolved air flotation,Wat.Sci.Tech.,1995,31(3-4):1-23.
[5]王静超,马军,王静海.气浮净水技术在给水处理中的应用及研究概况[J].工业水处理.2004,24(7):9-12.
[6]周洁,马建录,钱宗水.气浮净水技术在处理石油污染水中的应用[J].工业水处理.2003,20(3):53-55.
[7]石金田,张士金,井继琛.气浮净水技术及应用[J].江苏化工.2003,31(1):48-50.
[8]kichener,J.A.;Gochin,R.J.,The mechanism of dissolved air flotation for potable water:basic analysis and a proposal,Wat.Res,1981,15:585-590.
[9]王占生,刘文君.微污染水源饮用水处理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999.
[10]Gunten U V.Ozonation of dringking water:part Ⅰ,oxidation kinetcs and product formation.Water Res,2003,37:1443-1467.
[11]黄凤珍.饮用水处理中的臭氧化技术[J].广州化工.2005,33(6):56-58.
[12]肖乾芬,黄宏,王晓栋,王连生.饮用水微污染处理技术研究进展[J].环境科学与技术.2005,28:162-164.
[13]郭瑾,马军.臭氧预氧化对芘在天然有机物中分配行为的影响[J].中国环境科学.2007,27(3):327-331.
[14]Rittmann B E and Huck P M.Biological Treatment of Public Water Supplies.Critic.Rev.Envir.Cont.,1989,19(2):119-183.
[15]K Ho Lim and H Sik Shim.Operating Characteristics of Aerated Submerged Biofilm Reactors for Drinking Water Treatment.Wat.Sci.Tech.,1997,36(12):101-108.
[16]张力维,汪洁,杨健.生物接触氧化预处理技术处理微污染源水研究[J].环境科学与管理.2005,30(3):34-37.
[17]马悠怡,武道吉,石峰.强化混凝在微污染水源水处理中的应用[J].水处理技术.2005,3(11):5-7.
[18]Stuart W Krasnet,et al.Jar-test Evaluations of Enhanced Coagulation[J].JAWWA,1995,(10):93-107.
[19]黄晓东,孙伟,庄汉平.强化混凝处理微污染原水[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(12):45-48.
[20]戴之荷.受污染水处理技术在我国的应用[J].给水排水,2002,28(1):8-12.
[21]苑宝玲,曲久辉,张金松.高铁酸盐对两种水源水中藻类去除效果研究[J].环境科 学,2001,22(2):78-81.
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