名山河流域水稻土组分对微团聚体吸附—解吸铜、锌的影响
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摘要
本研究以名山河流域典型的水稻土为例,利用模拟-培养试验和选择溶解法,研究原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附解吸特征,以及各土壤组分即有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁对原土和不同粒径微团聚体吸附解吸Cu2+、Zn2+的影响。研究结果表明：原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+的吸附特性用Langmuir等温吸附方程拟合最佳,对Zn2+的吸附特性用Freundlich等温吸附方程拟合最佳,说明本研究流域原土和微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+的吸附属于单层吸附,对Zn2+的吸附为多层吸附。原土和不同粒径微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量以及吸附固持能力依次以下序递减：(<0.002mm)>2-0.25mm>原土>0.053-0.002mm>0.25-0.053mm,与有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁、CEC含量显著相关,2-0.25mm和<0.002mm粒径对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附量较高,属于Cu2+、Zn2+的富集团聚体颗粒组,且原土和各粒径微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+的吸附固持能力显著高于Zn2+。不同质量浓度下原土和各粒径微团聚体对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附均以专性吸附为主,且原土和各微团聚体颗粒组Zn2+的非专性质量分数显著高于Cu2+。
去除有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁后,原土和不同微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2、Zn2+的吸附量和吸附固持能力均有一定程度的降低,尤其是在<0.002mm和2-0.25mm粒径降低值较大,0.25-0.053mm粒组降低值较小,原土、0.053-0.002mm粒组降低值介于其中。去除各组分后原土和不同粒组微团聚体对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附减少量大小顺序为：去有机质>去游离氧化铁>去无定形氧化铁,表明有机质对原土和不同微团聚体颗粒组吸附Cu2+、Zn2+的过程影响最大,不同处理间差异达到显著水平。同时有机质对Cu2+的选择吸附能力大于Zn2+,游离氧化铁则对Zn2+的选择吸附能力大于Cu2+,无定形氧化铁对Cu2+、Zn2+的选择吸附能力差异不明显。去除各土壤组分后原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的非专性吸附质量分数均显著上升,专性吸附质量分数则有一定程度的降低,表明去除各组分后原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+束缚能力均降低,Cu2+、Zn2+以活性较高的易解吸态保留于土壤中,易产生迁移,增加了Cu2+、Zn2+在土壤中的流动性；专性吸附质量分数降低,则表明原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的固定能力降低,缓冲容量随之降低,同时进一步证明有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁等土壤组分对专性吸附有显著贡献。
The typical paddy soil, collected from the Mingshan River was used to investigate the characteristics and effect of soil components which consists of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron on sorption-desorption of copper and zinc by microaggregates from paddy soil by using simulation-incubation test and selective dissolution method.
The results showed that whether or not remove the paddy soil components, the sorption of copper by the bulk soil and microaggregates fitted well to the Langmuir Isotherm model, while the sorption of zinc by the bulk soil and microaggregates fitted well to the Freundlich Isotherm model. These results explained the sorption of copper was monolayer adsorption while the sorption of zinc was multilayer adsorption by the bulk soil and micro aggregates from paddy soil in this research. The order of copper and zinc s sorption capacity was as follows:less than 0.002mm>2-0.25mm>bulk soil>0.053-0.002mm>0.25-0.053mm, and the sorption and retentin ability of copper was significantly greater than zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates.The sorption capacity of bulk soil and microaggregates was well correlated with the content of organic matter, free oxide iron, amorphous oxide iron, cation exchange capacity.The sorption of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates in 0.002mm and 2-0.25mm was more bigger than other particle sizes, the 0.002mm and 2-0.25mm particle size were the enrich ment microaggregates. The adsorption of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was based mainly on specific adsorption in different concentration, moreover the percentage of non-specific adsorption of zinc was higher than copper.
The sorption and retentin ability of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates were decreased in some extent after removal of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron, especially the decrease was achieved the most in less than 0.002mm, the lowest in 0.25-0.053mm, the decrease caused by bulk soil and 0.053-0.002mm was between the different particles. The decrease of copper and zinc's sorption by bulk soil and microaggregates after removal of soil components in the order:that removing O.M> that removing free oxide iron>that removing amorphous oxide iron, which showed a significant difference among different treatments. Meanwhile, the results showed that the effect of organic matter was the most in adsorption, the selective adsorption of copper by organic matter was higher than zinc, the selective adsorption of zinc by free oxide iron was higher than copper, the selective adsorption ability between copper and zinc by amorphous oxide iron was no significant difference. The percentage of specific adsorption was decreased in some extent with the significant increase of non-specific of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates after removal of soil components. These results showed that the retentin ability of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was all decreased after removal of soil components, copper and zinc was remained in soil with easy desorption in higher activity, and the mobility of copper and zinc in soil was increased with the increase of migration. The retention and buffer capacity of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was decreased along with the decrease of percentage in specific adsorption., at the same time, the decrease of specific adsorption suggested the significant contribution of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron in specific sorption.
去除有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁后,原土和不同微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2、Zn2+的吸附量和吸附固持能力均有一定程度的降低,尤其是在<0.002mm和2-0.25mm粒径降低值较大,0.25-0.053mm粒组降低值较小,原土、0.053-0.002mm粒组降低值介于其中。去除各组分后原土和不同粒组微团聚体对Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附减少量大小顺序为：去有机质>去游离氧化铁>去无定形氧化铁,表明有机质对原土和不同微团聚体颗粒组吸附Cu2+、Zn2+的过程影响最大,不同处理间差异达到显著水平。同时有机质对Cu2+的选择吸附能力大于Zn2+,游离氧化铁则对Zn2+的选择吸附能力大于Cu2+,无定形氧化铁对Cu2+、Zn2+的选择吸附能力差异不明显。去除各土壤组分后原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的非专性吸附质量分数均显著上升,专性吸附质量分数则有一定程度的降低,表明去除各组分后原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+束缚能力均降低,Cu2+、Zn2+以活性较高的易解吸态保留于土壤中,易产生迁移,增加了Cu2+、Zn2+在土壤中的流动性；专性吸附质量分数降低,则表明原土和不同粒级微团聚体颗粒组对Cu2+、Zn2+的固定能力降低,缓冲容量随之降低,同时进一步证明有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁等土壤组分对专性吸附有显著贡献。
The typical paddy soil, collected from the Mingshan River was used to investigate the characteristics and effect of soil components which consists of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron on sorption-desorption of copper and zinc by microaggregates from paddy soil by using simulation-incubation test and selective dissolution method.
The results showed that whether or not remove the paddy soil components, the sorption of copper by the bulk soil and microaggregates fitted well to the Langmuir Isotherm model, while the sorption of zinc by the bulk soil and microaggregates fitted well to the Freundlich Isotherm model. These results explained the sorption of copper was monolayer adsorption while the sorption of zinc was multilayer adsorption by the bulk soil and micro aggregates from paddy soil in this research. The order of copper and zinc s sorption capacity was as follows:less than 0.002mm>2-0.25mm>bulk soil>0.053-0.002mm>0.25-0.053mm, and the sorption and retentin ability of copper was significantly greater than zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates.The sorption capacity of bulk soil and microaggregates was well correlated with the content of organic matter, free oxide iron, amorphous oxide iron, cation exchange capacity.The sorption of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates in 0.002mm and 2-0.25mm was more bigger than other particle sizes, the 0.002mm and 2-0.25mm particle size were the enrich ment microaggregates. The adsorption of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was based mainly on specific adsorption in different concentration, moreover the percentage of non-specific adsorption of zinc was higher than copper.
The sorption and retentin ability of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates were decreased in some extent after removal of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron, especially the decrease was achieved the most in less than 0.002mm, the lowest in 0.25-0.053mm, the decrease caused by bulk soil and 0.053-0.002mm was between the different particles. The decrease of copper and zinc's sorption by bulk soil and microaggregates after removal of soil components in the order:that removing O.M> that removing free oxide iron>that removing amorphous oxide iron, which showed a significant difference among different treatments. Meanwhile, the results showed that the effect of organic matter was the most in adsorption, the selective adsorption of copper by organic matter was higher than zinc, the selective adsorption of zinc by free oxide iron was higher than copper, the selective adsorption ability between copper and zinc by amorphous oxide iron was no significant difference. The percentage of specific adsorption was decreased in some extent with the significant increase of non-specific of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates after removal of soil components. These results showed that the retentin ability of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was all decreased after removal of soil components, copper and zinc was remained in soil with easy desorption in higher activity, and the mobility of copper and zinc in soil was increased with the increase of migration. The retention and buffer capacity of copper and zinc by bulk soil and microaggregates was decreased along with the decrease of percentage in specific adsorption., at the same time, the decrease of specific adsorption suggested the significant contribution of organic matter, free oxide iron and amorphous oxide iron in specific sorption.
引文
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