固态挤压对喷射沉积高锰ZA35合金的影响
|
摘要
本文采用喷射沉积方法制备高锰ZA35合金,通过对比挤压温度和挤压比在热挤压过程中对合金性能的影响,得出合金的最佳热挤压工艺参数为挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7,并研究了合金在最佳挤压工艺下的高温热稳定性能和组织变化。
研究表明:同一挤压温度下,随着挤压比的增加,合金的常温力学性能快速增加;挤压比为21左右时,合金的力学性能达到最大,增大挤压比到33.8,合金的力学性能反而降低;同一挤压比下,合金的力学性能随挤压温度的增加而降低。挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的常温力学性能最好;抗拉强度491.2MPa,伸长率5.19%,硬度151HBS。
随着挤压比的增加,坯体基体组织逐渐细化,空隙减少,析出相分布均匀;然而过高的挤压比导致合金基体组织粗大,第二相聚集,分布集中。260℃挤压的合金组织含有α-Al、η-Zn、Mg_(32)(AlZn)_(19)、Al_(11)Cu_5Mn_3、MnAl_6、CuMnZn;380℃挤压时,合金中的Cu,Mn过饱和固溶体发生脱溶,与基体元素Zn形成CuZn_6相。
在转速相同的情况下,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数比挤压温度320℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数低7.8%,在载荷相同的情况下,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数比挤压温度320℃合金的摩擦系数挤压比21.7低11.77%。
在150℃热暴露时,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的强度先提高再降低,合金中Cu、Mn析出形成MnZnAl_3和CuAl;200℃热暴露时,其强度降低,合金中的Cu、Mn元素快速析出形成MnCuAlZn四元合金相和MnCuAlMgZn相。
In this paper,ZA35-3.5Mn alloy is formed by spray deposition.The microstructure of the alloy under different squeezed parameters was studied,a better squeezing parameter that is temperature 260℃ratio 21.7 could be obtained with applying direct analysis.
The results indicate that at the same squeezed temperature,when squeezed ratio is increased,the tensile strength,hardness and elongation of alloy are increased quickly, when ratio becomes 21,the best mechanical property is obtained,but increasing the ratio to 33.8,the mechanical property is decreased;at the same squeezed ratio,with the squeezed temperature increased,the tensile strength,hardness and elongation of alloy is decreased. the mechanical property of alloy by temperature 260℃ratio 21.7 at room temperature is the best,that tensile strength is 491.2 MPa,elongation is 5.19%,hardness is 151 HBS.
According to the analysis on the microstructure,the results show that the phase compositions of ZA35-3.SMn alloy by temperature 260℃areα-Al,η-Zn,Mg_(32)(AlZn)_(19), Al_(11)Cu_5Mn_3,MnAl_6,CuMnZn;when temperature increases to 380℃,phase CuZn_6 is generated.With ratio increases,the grains can be refined,initial phases tum from rough grains into uniformly distributed fine ones;the pore space is fade;But using overtop ratio, the grains grow rapidly,phases are aggregated and distributed of concentrated.
To compare with alloy squeezed at 320℃,the friction coefficient of alloy squeezed at 260℃reduces to 16.69%at the same rotation speed.When applying load is the same, the friction coefficient of alloy squeezed at 260℃reduces to 17.37%.Mn phase as hard phase can bear heavier load,which makes ZA35-3.5Mn alloy by spray deposition having better wear and friction properties.
While exposed at 150℃,the strength of alloy at 260℃ratio 21.7 is enhanced and Cu,Mn in the alloy are precipitated as MnZnAl_3 and CuAl;and while exposed at 200℃, the strength of the alloy is reduced,Cu,Mn are rapidly precipitated in the formation of phase MnCuAlZn and MnCuAlMgZn.
研究表明:同一挤压温度下,随着挤压比的增加,合金的常温力学性能快速增加;挤压比为21左右时,合金的力学性能达到最大,增大挤压比到33.8,合金的力学性能反而降低;同一挤压比下,合金的力学性能随挤压温度的增加而降低。挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的常温力学性能最好;抗拉强度491.2MPa,伸长率5.19%,硬度151HBS。
随着挤压比的增加,坯体基体组织逐渐细化,空隙减少,析出相分布均匀;然而过高的挤压比导致合金基体组织粗大,第二相聚集,分布集中。260℃挤压的合金组织含有α-Al、η-Zn、Mg_(32)(AlZn)_(19)、Al_(11)Cu_5Mn_3、MnAl_6、CuMnZn;380℃挤压时,合金中的Cu,Mn过饱和固溶体发生脱溶,与基体元素Zn形成CuZn_6相。
在转速相同的情况下,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数比挤压温度320℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数低7.8%,在载荷相同的情况下,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的摩擦系数比挤压温度320℃合金的摩擦系数挤压比21.7低11.77%。
在150℃热暴露时,挤压温度260℃挤压比21.7合金的强度先提高再降低,合金中Cu、Mn析出形成MnZnAl_3和CuAl;200℃热暴露时,其强度降低,合金中的Cu、Mn元素快速析出形成MnCuAlZn四元合金相和MnCuAlMgZn相。
In this paper,ZA35-3.5Mn alloy is formed by spray deposition.The microstructure of the alloy under different squeezed parameters was studied,a better squeezing parameter that is temperature 260℃ratio 21.7 could be obtained with applying direct analysis.
The results indicate that at the same squeezed temperature,when squeezed ratio is increased,the tensile strength,hardness and elongation of alloy are increased quickly, when ratio becomes 21,the best mechanical property is obtained,but increasing the ratio to 33.8,the mechanical property is decreased;at the same squeezed ratio,with the squeezed temperature increased,the tensile strength,hardness and elongation of alloy is decreased. the mechanical property of alloy by temperature 260℃ratio 21.7 at room temperature is the best,that tensile strength is 491.2 MPa,elongation is 5.19%,hardness is 151 HBS.
According to the analysis on the microstructure,the results show that the phase compositions of ZA35-3.SMn alloy by temperature 260℃areα-Al,η-Zn,Mg_(32)(AlZn)_(19), Al_(11)Cu_5Mn_3,MnAl_6,CuMnZn;when temperature increases to 380℃,phase CuZn_6 is generated.With ratio increases,the grains can be refined,initial phases tum from rough grains into uniformly distributed fine ones;the pore space is fade;But using overtop ratio, the grains grow rapidly,phases are aggregated and distributed of concentrated.
To compare with alloy squeezed at 320℃,the friction coefficient of alloy squeezed at 260℃reduces to 16.69%at the same rotation speed.When applying load is the same, the friction coefficient of alloy squeezed at 260℃reduces to 17.37%.Mn phase as hard phase can bear heavier load,which makes ZA35-3.5Mn alloy by spray deposition having better wear and friction properties.
While exposed at 150℃,the strength of alloy at 260℃ratio 21.7 is enhanced and Cu,Mn in the alloy are precipitated as MnZnAl_3 and CuAl;and while exposed at 200℃, the strength of the alloy is reduced,Cu,Mn are rapidly precipitated in the formation of phase MnCuAlZn and MnCuAlMgZn.
引文
[1].Gervais E.The development of a family of Zinc-base fourdry alloys.AFS Transactions.1980(183):47-52.
[2].崔成松,赵一伟,曹福洋等.离心雾化喷射成形工艺对锌基合金成形性和组织结构的影响.材料科学与工艺,1999,7(9):1-5.
[3].Apelian D,Paliwal M,Herrschaft D C.Castings with Zinc Alloys.Metals,1987(96):12-20.
[4].刘永红,张忠明,刘宏昭等.锌铝合金的研究现状及应用概况.铸造技术,2001(1):42-44.
[5].Lamberigts M.Friction and Ductility Behaviors of a High Strength Zinc Fourndry Alloy.AFS Transactions,1985(93):569-578.
[6].Skenazel A F.Some Recent Development in the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc Foundry Alloys.Metall,1983(9):898-902.
[7].Gervais E.An Analysis of Selected Properties of ZA Alloys.Journal of Metals,1985(11):43-47.
[8].安继儒.中外常用金属材料手册.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:43-45.
[9].周明,赵玉涛,周伯仪等.Mn对ZA27合金组织与性能的影响.江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(1):60-64.
[10].李安铭,张阳.硅、锰对ZnAl_(22)CuMg合金力学性能的影响.焦作工学院学报,1999,18(1):63-66.
[11].魏晓伟,沈保罗.Zn-Al合金在压蠕变过程中微观组织变化.特种铸造及有色合金,2003(4):5-8.
[12].郭伟,曾建民.微量元素La、Sb、Ti和Mn对ZA 27合金力学性能的影响.广西大学学报(自然科学版),2002,27(3):192-195.
[13].田卫平,亢若古,彭茂公等.稀土对锌铝合金ZnAI-27性能的改善.云南冶金,2002,31(4):65-70.
[14].舒震,刘金水,袁斌等.提高高铝锌合金高温性能及耐磨性的研究.湖南大学学报,1995,22(4):70-76.
[15].赵沛廉,赵兴国,赵浩峰.稀土对ZA27合金高温性能的影响.中国稀土学报,1998,16(1):41-44.
[16].苏德煌.添加铁或锰对ZA27合金高温拉伸性能的影响.材料科学与工艺,1998,6(3):52-55.
[17].赵沛廉,张金山.锰对ZA-27合金高温性能的影响.材料科学与工艺,1996,4(3):34-37.
[18].苏德煌.锂对ZA27合金高温力学性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(6):26-27.
[19].武素玲.ZA43高铝锌基耐磨合金.特种铸造及有色合金,1991(6):6-9.
[20].Ph.Delneuville.Tribological Behaviour of ZnAl Alloys(ZA27) Compared with Bronze where Used as a Bearing Material with High Load and at Very Low Speed.Wear,1985(105):283-292.
[21].梁梅芬.高强度铸造锌合金在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损特性之研究.固体润滑,1991(11):114-119.
[22].谢敬佩.铝、铜对锌基合金磨损性能影响的研究.洛阳工学院学报,1991(12):10-13.
[23].高升吉,沈保罗,杨刚.Zn-25%Al-X%Cu合金的力学性能和耐磨性的研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(3):16-18.
[24].施忠良,苏华钦,林萍华等.ZA27合金的摩擦特性研究.东南大学学报,1994,24(4):131-134.
[25].张玉平,张琰,李翼等.高强度锌铝合金摩擦磨损特性的试验研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1996(3):6-9.
[26].许晓磊,于志伟,张会辰等.高铝锌基合金组织及摩擦磨损特性.材料科学与工艺,2000,8(2):62-64.
[27].刘或.ZA27合金耐蚀性能试验研究.兵器材料科学与工程,1995,18(5):15-19.
[28].韩树楷.稀土对高强锌合金耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响.中国稀土学报,1996,14(1):15-18.
[29].于思荣.锌合金复合材料的研究现状.特种铸造及有色合金,1994(4):20-22.
[30].潘应君,张恒,黄宁等.Zn-Al合金在长江水中的耐蚀性研究.腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003,15(4):231-233.
[31].Gu MY,Chen ZY,Wang ZM et al.Damping characteristic of Zn-Al matrix composites.Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1994,30(10):1321-1326.
[32].Otani T,Sakai T,Hoshino K et al.Damping capacity of Zn-Al alloy castings.Jphys,1985,C10:417-420.
[33].Liu Y C,Yang G C,Lu Y L et al.Damping behavior and tribological property of as-spray deposited high silicon alloy ZA27.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999(87):53-58.
[34].Zhang Z M,Wang JC,Xu DH et al.Influence of RE content on the damping capacity of alloy ZA27.Journal of Rare Earths,1999,17(2):122-125.
[35].陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17.
[36].赵浩峰,王玲.铸造锌合金及其复合材料.北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[37].孙剑飞,沈军,曹福祥等.喷射沉积镍基高温合金的研究进展.材料导报,1999,13(2):10-12.
[38].李正邦.钢铁冶金前沿技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.
[39].Apelian D,Gillen G,Leatham A.Near net shape manufacturing via the osprey process.Processing of Structural Metals by Rapid Solidification.ed.by Froes FH,Savage SJ.ASM International,1987(5):107-125.
[40].田世藩.国外快速凝固喷射成形技术.航空科学技术,1996(6):28-31.
[41].Ogata J,Iavemia E J,Cant N J et al.Structure and properties of a rapidly solidified super alloy produced by liquid dynamic compaction.Rapid Solidification,1986,2(1):21.
[42].康福伟,孙剑飞,沈军等.喷射成形工艺的发展及应用.稀有金属,2004,28(2):402-407.
[43].崔成松,赵一伟,曹福洋等.离心雾化喷射成形工艺对锌基合金成形性和组织结构的影响.材料科学与工艺,1999,7(9):1-5.
[44].杨留栓,庞礼军,杨根仓等.喷雾沉积高硅ZA27合金的组织与性能.金属学报,1995,31(6):254-260.
[45].刘永长,杨留栓,杨根仓等.喷雾沉积高硅ZA27合金的阻尼性能及微观力学机制探讨.粉末冶金技术,1996,14f3):163-167.
[46].米国发,李周,张智慧等.喷射沉积高温合金的显微组织及其力学性能.航空材料学报,1998,18(1):23-28.
[47].韦强,熊柏青,张永安等.喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的组织与性能.中国有色金属学报,2001,11(2):279-283.
[48].张永安,熊柏青,韦强等.喷射成形制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强高韧铝合金的研究.稀有金属,2002,26(6):425-428.
[49].张永安,熊柏青,韦强等.喷射成形制备高性能铝合金材料.机械工程材料,2001,25(4):21-24.
[50].张忠明,袁中岳,刘宏昭等.铸态及喷雾沉积态ZA27合金的阻尼性能比较.功能材料,2003,34(1):46-48.
[51].Lavemia E J,Grant N J.A review:Spray deposition of metals.Nhter Sci Eng,1988(98):381.
[52].Tian Shifan,Li zhou,Zhang Ghoqing,et al.The Spray atomized and deposited super alloys.Proc.Third Int.Confon Spray Forming[C],Cardiff.UK,1993:165.
[53].Xiong Baioqing,Zhang Yong-an.Preparation of round billets by spray form technology.Trans Non-ferrous Met Soc China,1999,9(2):302-308.
[54].GAPATM.Aluminum Semi-Solid processing.From the billet to the finished part Proc 5~(th)int Conf On semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composities.Colorado,1998,8(6):2-9.
[55].张忠明.热挤压铸态ZA27合金阻尼性能研究.功能材料,2005,4(36):528-531.
[56].Yao Huazhu,Franke.Spray deposition.Mater Res,1995,10(8):1927-1932.
[57].钟皓,张慧,翁文凭.热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金组织与力学性能的影响.金属热处理,2006,31(8):78-79.
[58].朱宝宏,熊柏青.喷射成形工艺参数及热挤压制度对8009耐热铝合金的组织及性能的影响.稀有金属,2003,27(6):692-694.
[59].肖于德,吴永玉,黎文献等.旋压加工对喷射沉积Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.合金挤压管组织和性能的影响.中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005(3):36-37.
[60].杨留拴,杨根仓,周尧和等.改进高热强锌基合金的新思路.材料导报,1994(3):13-16.
[61].李元元,龙雁,邱诚等.新型耐磨锌合金的轴承台架试验研究.机电工程技术,2002,31(6):43-46
[62].Zhang H,Lin G Y,Peng D S et al.Dynamic and static softening behaviors of aluminum alloys during multistage hot deformation.Journal Materials Processing Technology,2004,148:245-249.
[63].李孝敏.工程材料的微细观结构和力学性能.中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[64].孙家枢.金属的磨损.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.
[65].李建明.磨损金属学.北京:冶金工业出版社,1990.
[66].Li yuanyuan,Long yan.Effects of Mn content on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy.Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc,china 2002,12(6):1091-1094.
[67].陈体军,郝远,孙军.ZA27合金的微观组织.中国有色金属学报,2002,2(12):295-297.
[2].崔成松,赵一伟,曹福洋等.离心雾化喷射成形工艺对锌基合金成形性和组织结构的影响.材料科学与工艺,1999,7(9):1-5.
[3].Apelian D,Paliwal M,Herrschaft D C.Castings with Zinc Alloys.Metals,1987(96):12-20.
[4].刘永红,张忠明,刘宏昭等.锌铝合金的研究现状及应用概况.铸造技术,2001(1):42-44.
[5].Lamberigts M.Friction and Ductility Behaviors of a High Strength Zinc Fourndry Alloy.AFS Transactions,1985(93):569-578.
[6].Skenazel A F.Some Recent Development in the Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Zinc Foundry Alloys.Metall,1983(9):898-902.
[7].Gervais E.An Analysis of Selected Properties of ZA Alloys.Journal of Metals,1985(11):43-47.
[8].安继儒.中外常用金属材料手册.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1990:43-45.
[9].周明,赵玉涛,周伯仪等.Mn对ZA27合金组织与性能的影响.江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(1):60-64.
[10].李安铭,张阳.硅、锰对ZnAl_(22)CuMg合金力学性能的影响.焦作工学院学报,1999,18(1):63-66.
[11].魏晓伟,沈保罗.Zn-Al合金在压蠕变过程中微观组织变化.特种铸造及有色合金,2003(4):5-8.
[12].郭伟,曾建民.微量元素La、Sb、Ti和Mn对ZA 27合金力学性能的影响.广西大学学报(自然科学版),2002,27(3):192-195.
[13].田卫平,亢若古,彭茂公等.稀土对锌铝合金ZnAI-27性能的改善.云南冶金,2002,31(4):65-70.
[14].舒震,刘金水,袁斌等.提高高铝锌合金高温性能及耐磨性的研究.湖南大学学报,1995,22(4):70-76.
[15].赵沛廉,赵兴国,赵浩峰.稀土对ZA27合金高温性能的影响.中国稀土学报,1998,16(1):41-44.
[16].苏德煌.添加铁或锰对ZA27合金高温拉伸性能的影响.材料科学与工艺,1998,6(3):52-55.
[17].赵沛廉,张金山.锰对ZA-27合金高温性能的影响.材料科学与工艺,1996,4(3):34-37.
[18].苏德煌.锂对ZA27合金高温力学性能的影响.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(6):26-27.
[19].武素玲.ZA43高铝锌基耐磨合金.特种铸造及有色合金,1991(6):6-9.
[20].Ph.Delneuville.Tribological Behaviour of ZnAl Alloys(ZA27) Compared with Bronze where Used as a Bearing Material with High Load and at Very Low Speed.Wear,1985(105):283-292.
[21].梁梅芬.高强度铸造锌合金在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损特性之研究.固体润滑,1991(11):114-119.
[22].谢敬佩.铝、铜对锌基合金磨损性能影响的研究.洛阳工学院学报,1991(12):10-13.
[23].高升吉,沈保罗,杨刚.Zn-25%Al-X%Cu合金的力学性能和耐磨性的研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1998(3):16-18.
[24].施忠良,苏华钦,林萍华等.ZA27合金的摩擦特性研究.东南大学学报,1994,24(4):131-134.
[25].张玉平,张琰,李翼等.高强度锌铝合金摩擦磨损特性的试验研究.特种铸造及有色合金,1996(3):6-9.
[26].许晓磊,于志伟,张会辰等.高铝锌基合金组织及摩擦磨损特性.材料科学与工艺,2000,8(2):62-64.
[27].刘或.ZA27合金耐蚀性能试验研究.兵器材料科学与工程,1995,18(5):15-19.
[28].韩树楷.稀土对高强锌合金耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响.中国稀土学报,1996,14(1):15-18.
[29].于思荣.锌合金复合材料的研究现状.特种铸造及有色合金,1994(4):20-22.
[30].潘应君,张恒,黄宁等.Zn-Al合金在长江水中的耐蚀性研究.腐蚀科学与防护技术,2003,15(4):231-233.
[31].Gu MY,Chen ZY,Wang ZM et al.Damping characteristic of Zn-Al matrix composites.Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia,1994,30(10):1321-1326.
[32].Otani T,Sakai T,Hoshino K et al.Damping capacity of Zn-Al alloy castings.Jphys,1985,C10:417-420.
[33].Liu Y C,Yang G C,Lu Y L et al.Damping behavior and tribological property of as-spray deposited high silicon alloy ZA27.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999(87):53-58.
[34].Zhang Z M,Wang JC,Xu DH et al.Influence of RE content on the damping capacity of alloy ZA27.Journal of Rare Earths,1999,17(2):122-125.
[35].陆伟,严彪.铸造锌铝合金的研究进展及其应用.上海有色金属,2004,25(1):13-17.
[36].赵浩峰,王玲.铸造锌合金及其复合材料.北京:中国标准出版社,2002.
[37].孙剑飞,沈军,曹福祥等.喷射沉积镍基高温合金的研究进展.材料导报,1999,13(2):10-12.
[38].李正邦.钢铁冶金前沿技术.北京:冶金工业出版社,1997.
[39].Apelian D,Gillen G,Leatham A.Near net shape manufacturing via the osprey process.Processing of Structural Metals by Rapid Solidification.ed.by Froes FH,Savage SJ.ASM International,1987(5):107-125.
[40].田世藩.国外快速凝固喷射成形技术.航空科学技术,1996(6):28-31.
[41].Ogata J,Iavemia E J,Cant N J et al.Structure and properties of a rapidly solidified super alloy produced by liquid dynamic compaction.Rapid Solidification,1986,2(1):21.
[42].康福伟,孙剑飞,沈军等.喷射成形工艺的发展及应用.稀有金属,2004,28(2):402-407.
[43].崔成松,赵一伟,曹福洋等.离心雾化喷射成形工艺对锌基合金成形性和组织结构的影响.材料科学与工艺,1999,7(9):1-5.
[44].杨留栓,庞礼军,杨根仓等.喷雾沉积高硅ZA27合金的组织与性能.金属学报,1995,31(6):254-260.
[45].刘永长,杨留栓,杨根仓等.喷雾沉积高硅ZA27合金的阻尼性能及微观力学机制探讨.粉末冶金技术,1996,14f3):163-167.
[46].米国发,李周,张智慧等.喷射沉积高温合金的显微组织及其力学性能.航空材料学报,1998,18(1):23-28.
[47].韦强,熊柏青,张永安等.喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的组织与性能.中国有色金属学报,2001,11(2):279-283.
[48].张永安,熊柏青,韦强等.喷射成形制备Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强高韧铝合金的研究.稀有金属,2002,26(6):425-428.
[49].张永安,熊柏青,韦强等.喷射成形制备高性能铝合金材料.机械工程材料,2001,25(4):21-24.
[50].张忠明,袁中岳,刘宏昭等.铸态及喷雾沉积态ZA27合金的阻尼性能比较.功能材料,2003,34(1):46-48.
[51].Lavemia E J,Grant N J.A review:Spray deposition of metals.Nhter Sci Eng,1988(98):381.
[52].Tian Shifan,Li zhou,Zhang Ghoqing,et al.The Spray atomized and deposited super alloys.Proc.Third Int.Confon Spray Forming[C],Cardiff.UK,1993:165.
[53].Xiong Baioqing,Zhang Yong-an.Preparation of round billets by spray form technology.Trans Non-ferrous Met Soc China,1999,9(2):302-308.
[54].GAPATM.Aluminum Semi-Solid processing.From the billet to the finished part Proc 5~(th)int Conf On semi-Solid Processing of Alloys and Composities.Colorado,1998,8(6):2-9.
[55].张忠明.热挤压铸态ZA27合金阻尼性能研究.功能材料,2005,4(36):528-531.
[56].Yao Huazhu,Franke.Spray deposition.Mater Res,1995,10(8):1927-1932.
[57].钟皓,张慧,翁文凭.热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金组织与力学性能的影响.金属热处理,2006,31(8):78-79.
[58].朱宝宏,熊柏青.喷射成形工艺参数及热挤压制度对8009耐热铝合金的组织及性能的影响.稀有金属,2003,27(6):692-694.
[59].肖于德,吴永玉,黎文献等.旋压加工对喷射沉积Al-8.5Fe-1.3V-1.合金挤压管组织和性能的影响.中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005(3):36-37.
[60].杨留拴,杨根仓,周尧和等.改进高热强锌基合金的新思路.材料导报,1994(3):13-16.
[61].李元元,龙雁,邱诚等.新型耐磨锌合金的轴承台架试验研究.机电工程技术,2002,31(6):43-46
[62].Zhang H,Lin G Y,Peng D S et al.Dynamic and static softening behaviors of aluminum alloys during multistage hot deformation.Journal Materials Processing Technology,2004,148:245-249.
[63].李孝敏.工程材料的微细观结构和力学性能.中国科学技术出版社,2003.
[64].孙家枢.金属的磨损.北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.
[65].李建明.磨损金属学.北京:冶金工业出版社,1990.
[66].Li yuanyuan,Long yan.Effects of Mn content on microstructure and mechanical properties of modified ZA27 alloy.Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc,china 2002,12(6):1091-1094.
[67].陈体军,郝远,孙军.ZA27合金的微观组织.中国有色金属学报,2002,2(12):295-297.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |