C/S到B/S模式转换的技术研究
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摘要
Internet的飞速发展给4GL(第四代语言)编写的GUI(图形用户界面)提出了新的挑战。这些程序大都基于C/S(Client/Server)结构下,这种模式在局域网里将应用一分为二,服务器负责数据管理,客户机完成与用户的交互任务。C/S结构下软件具有强壮的数据操纵和事务处理能力,以及数据的安全性和完整性约束。但随着企业规模的日益扩大,应用程序的复杂程度不断提高,C/S结构逐渐暴露出了缺点。比如开发成本较高,用户界面风格不一、使用繁杂、不利于推广使用,维护复杂、升级麻烦等。
为了解决C/S结构的不足,基于Internet的B/S(Browser/Server)技术应运而生,它是有计算技术以来最稳定的技术平台。本质上B/S也是一种客户机技术,用户只需通过浏览器这个统一界面,就可享受到无限丰富的、永远在不断变化和发展着的信息服务。
B/S(Browser/Server)结构即浏览器和服务器结构。它是随着Internet技术的兴起,对C/S结构的一种变化或者改进的结构。在这种结构下,用户工作界面是通过WWW浏览器来实现,极少部分事务逻辑在前端(Browser)实现,但是主要事务逻辑在服务器端(Server)实现,形成所谓三层3-tier结构。这样就大大简化了客户端电脑载荷,减轻了系统维护与升级的成本和工作量,降低了用户的总体成本(TCO)。
随着Internet时代的到来,大多数的管理软件开始转向B/S结构。如何从C/S平稳过渡到B/S,之前并没有更好的解决方案,大多数的企业开始彻底放弃VB、PB开发的代码,转而采用C/S结构下的Java语言重新来写。虽然不会出现问题,但是需要重新投入资本、人力,甚至需要增加更多的培训机会。
于是,更多的人开始设想,能否将C/S结构下的代码无缝移植到B/S结构下,以实现代码的重用。在C/S向B/S转移的过程中,开发者遇到了极大的困难。因为代码的移植已经不再是过去的简单语法转换,而牵涉到各种对象的映射。
要解决现有C/S应用低成本、快速移植到B/S结构下的应用的困境,则必须要解决自动且精确的GUI移植、自动的语法逻辑移植、方便的服务器端调试和发布。
基于以上考虑,本文分析了现有软件复用技术,对C/S向B/S模式的迁移,提出了一种系统的迁移方法,它是利用基于COM组件的软件复用技术,对现有C/S模式的遗留系统进行分析,抽象出不同功能的各层,并生成COM组件,而后利用JNI调用COM组件的接口,从而实现系统由C/S模式向B/S模式的迁移,并探讨了迁移过程中使用的关键技术。
The rapid development of Internet to 4GL (fourth-generation language) graphical user interface (GUI) is a new challenge. These procedures are mostly based on C/S (Clint/Server), this model in the structure of the network; server will be split applications for data management, client and the user interaction. C/S structure with strong under software data manipulation and transaction processing capability, and data security and integrity. But with the enterprise scale expanding, application of the complex degree unceasing enhancement, C/S structure gradually exposed shortcomings. Such as development cost is higher,the user interface, use different style, is multifarious, maintenance and update trouble, etc.
In order to solve the shortage of C/S structure based on Internet, the B/S (Browser/Server) technology, it is the most stable since computing technology platform. The B/S is essentially a client technology, only through the user interface, the'browser can enjoy unlimited rich, forever changing and developing the information service.
B/S structure is the Server Browser and Server structure.It is with the rise of the Internet technology; C/S structure is a change or improves the structure. In this kind of structure, the user interface is through the WWW work to achieve the Browser, and little business logic in front (browser), but in the main business logic Server,3-tier three layers. This greatly simplifies the client computer load, reduces the cost of maintenance system upgrade and workload, and reduces the overall cost of users (TCO).
With the arrival of the era of Internet, most of the management software to B/S structure. How from C/S a smooth transition to the B/S,and there is no better before the solution, most companies began to give VB, PB,to develop code C/S structure of Java language to write again. Although there is no problem, but needs to be invested capital,human, and even need to add more training opportunities.
So, more and more people begin to suspect, C/S structure can be transplanted into the code seamless B/S structure, so as to realize the code reuse.In C/S to B/S transfer process, developers meet a lot of difficulties.Because the code of transplantation is not simple syntax,the past and involves various objects mapping.
To solve the existing C/S application of low cost, quick to B/S structure under the plight of the application, must solve the automatic and precise GUI transplantation, automatic grammar logic transplantation, convenient debug and release the server.
Based on the above, this article analyses the current thinking on software reuse technology, C/S to B/S model of migration, put forward a kind of method of the system, it is the migration based on COM component software reuse technology, the existing C/S mode of legacy systems analysis, a different function of each layer, and generate COM components, using JNI calls the COM components,so as to achieve the interface system consists of C/S mode to B/S model of migration, and probes into the process of migration and key technologies of use.
为了解决C/S结构的不足,基于Internet的B/S(Browser/Server)技术应运而生,它是有计算技术以来最稳定的技术平台。本质上B/S也是一种客户机技术,用户只需通过浏览器这个统一界面,就可享受到无限丰富的、永远在不断变化和发展着的信息服务。
B/S(Browser/Server)结构即浏览器和服务器结构。它是随着Internet技术的兴起,对C/S结构的一种变化或者改进的结构。在这种结构下,用户工作界面是通过WWW浏览器来实现,极少部分事务逻辑在前端(Browser)实现,但是主要事务逻辑在服务器端(Server)实现,形成所谓三层3-tier结构。这样就大大简化了客户端电脑载荷,减轻了系统维护与升级的成本和工作量,降低了用户的总体成本(TCO)。
随着Internet时代的到来,大多数的管理软件开始转向B/S结构。如何从C/S平稳过渡到B/S,之前并没有更好的解决方案,大多数的企业开始彻底放弃VB、PB开发的代码,转而采用C/S结构下的Java语言重新来写。虽然不会出现问题,但是需要重新投入资本、人力,甚至需要增加更多的培训机会。
于是,更多的人开始设想,能否将C/S结构下的代码无缝移植到B/S结构下,以实现代码的重用。在C/S向B/S转移的过程中,开发者遇到了极大的困难。因为代码的移植已经不再是过去的简单语法转换,而牵涉到各种对象的映射。
要解决现有C/S应用低成本、快速移植到B/S结构下的应用的困境,则必须要解决自动且精确的GUI移植、自动的语法逻辑移植、方便的服务器端调试和发布。
基于以上考虑,本文分析了现有软件复用技术,对C/S向B/S模式的迁移,提出了一种系统的迁移方法,它是利用基于COM组件的软件复用技术,对现有C/S模式的遗留系统进行分析,抽象出不同功能的各层,并生成COM组件,而后利用JNI调用COM组件的接口,从而实现系统由C/S模式向B/S模式的迁移,并探讨了迁移过程中使用的关键技术。
The rapid development of Internet to 4GL (fourth-generation language) graphical user interface (GUI) is a new challenge. These procedures are mostly based on C/S (Clint/Server), this model in the structure of the network; server will be split applications for data management, client and the user interaction. C/S structure with strong under software data manipulation and transaction processing capability, and data security and integrity. But with the enterprise scale expanding, application of the complex degree unceasing enhancement, C/S structure gradually exposed shortcomings. Such as development cost is higher,the user interface, use different style, is multifarious, maintenance and update trouble, etc.
In order to solve the shortage of C/S structure based on Internet, the B/S (Browser/Server) technology, it is the most stable since computing technology platform. The B/S is essentially a client technology, only through the user interface, the'browser can enjoy unlimited rich, forever changing and developing the information service.
B/S structure is the Server Browser and Server structure.It is with the rise of the Internet technology; C/S structure is a change or improves the structure. In this kind of structure, the user interface is through the WWW work to achieve the Browser, and little business logic in front (browser), but in the main business logic Server,3-tier three layers. This greatly simplifies the client computer load, reduces the cost of maintenance system upgrade and workload, and reduces the overall cost of users (TCO).
With the arrival of the era of Internet, most of the management software to B/S structure. How from C/S a smooth transition to the B/S,and there is no better before the solution, most companies began to give VB, PB,to develop code C/S structure of Java language to write again. Although there is no problem, but needs to be invested capital,human, and even need to add more training opportunities.
So, more and more people begin to suspect, C/S structure can be transplanted into the code seamless B/S structure, so as to realize the code reuse.In C/S to B/S transfer process, developers meet a lot of difficulties.Because the code of transplantation is not simple syntax,the past and involves various objects mapping.
To solve the existing C/S application of low cost, quick to B/S structure under the plight of the application, must solve the automatic and precise GUI transplantation, automatic grammar logic transplantation, convenient debug and release the server.
Based on the above, this article analyses the current thinking on software reuse technology, C/S to B/S model of migration, put forward a kind of method of the system, it is the migration based on COM component software reuse technology, the existing C/S mode of legacy systems analysis, a different function of each layer, and generate COM components, using JNI calls the COM components,so as to achieve the interface system consists of C/S mode to B/S model of migration, and probes into the process of migration and key technologies of use.
引文
[1]薛华成,管理信息系统.北京：清华大学出版社,1993.6,14-25
[2]肖敏,熊前兴,赵玉伟.基于C/S与B/S混合模式的应用研究.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2006.3 Vol28No.3：4-7
[3]霍林,覃海生,黄桂锐.利用VBA以及COM+实现多层结构题库系统平台产品应用,2002.6：34-36
[4]徐利军,谢康林.COM+和EJB中有状态组件的研究.计算机工程与应用2003.12：35-38
[5]冯大滨,曹作良.利用JNI实现移动机器人本地Java控制系统.天津理工学院学报,2003.12
[6]易开祥,胡敏,杨建,石教英.基于B/S模式的信息系统研究与设计.计算机工程2000.8、vol.26No.8：29-31
[7]张浩,冯以之,乔非,吴启迪.基于web的应用软件开发技术.微型计算机应用,1998.8：1-3
[8]秦炜,姚建刚,姚尧,罗堪生.基于B/S模式的Mis设计.电力自动化设备2002.11 voL.22No.11:35-38
[9]郑成增,陈志锋.基于B/S模式的web数据库技术研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版)2000,vol.23 No.3：221-224
[10](美)罗伯特.A舒尔特海斯,(美)玛丽.萨默着.管理信息系统：英文版.第4版北京：机械工业出版社,1998,15-40
[11]朱绍文,陈绪君,熊伟,肖毅,张大斌,COM及其发展.计算机工程,2001.9：[11](美)Dale Rogerson著,杨秀章译.COM技术内幕.北京：清华大学出版社1999.3,70.93
[12]潘爱民着.COM原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2001.3,36-74.
[13]薛华成,管理信息系统.北京：清华大学出版社,1993.6,14-25
[14]5.FouziHusaini,Using The Java Native Interface http://WW.wacm.og/rerossrodasx/rds4-2/jni.html2001.1
[15]Neville Mehta,Interacting With C From Java With JNI http: //www.devartieles.eom/e/a/Jvaa/2002.7
[16]Tal Liron Enhance your java application with java Native interfere http:ww.wjvawaorld.eom/javwaorld/jw-10-1999/1999.10
[17]李亚东,夏雨佳,席裕庚.基于JNI的跨平台软件设计.计算机工程,Vol.26,No.9 2000.9：87-89
[18]程英蕾,殷肖川,吴丰.从C/S模式转向B/S模式.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版)2000.6Vol1No.2
[19]Jibitesh Mishra,Ashok Mohanty著,现代信息系统设计方法[M],司光亚,莫凯,秦方任 译。电子工业出版社,2002,20-25
[20]田华,墙芳踢,吕国斌,李振华Browse/server技术—新一代的计算模式.计算机应用研究,1998.6：1-3
[21]ZHANG Zizhong Electric Power Integrated Information System Based on COM Technology ELECTUICIT-YCSEE1998.4,47-80
[22]李杰,张立群.利用Java开发COM组件的方法与实现.计算机工程,2000,voL26No.7：92-94
[23]Wang yongjun,GONG Jina ya ACOM-based Framework for Management AnalysisnadVisualizationofLagreSeoPeDigitalElevationModelsGeo-sPatiallnofrmationseienee(Qu arterly)SePtember2003
[24]孙延琳,詹振炎COM中的命名和绑定技术.计算机工程与设计,200.29：66-68
[25]汤宏鹏,王秒.关于获取COM对象和接口探讨.计算机系统应用,2001.1：43-46
[26]程宝雷,李培峰,朱巧明.COM技术在web上的应用.计算机应用与软件2004.3,Vol.21,No.3：111-113
[27]Tang xiao mei,SUNLi The Model and Design for COM-Based e-Commerce APPlieationSystemoJumalofDnogHuaUnivesriyt2002.4
[28]Dan Adler The JACOB Project:A Java-COM Bridge http://danadle.rcom/jacob/2001.9
[29]YOSHINORI wattage J COM(Java-COM bridge) http://ww.whcn.zqa.ne.jP/no-i/jeom/index-eng.htm2000.8
[30]Bruee Eeke-Thinking in Java,3rd EditionPrentiee-Hal-2002.22,49-50
[31]邱智明.Java与e升的编程接口JNI.电子&计算机,Vol.32,No.9,1997.9：23-27
[32]张华平,玄光哲,于贵平,刘泰然.基于JNI技术应用框架的分析和实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),Vol.21,No.2,2003.5：188-191
[33]沙嘉祥,宁书年,林捷.利用JNI实现企业Java程序与传统应用程序的集成.计算机与现代化,Vol.ZINo.2：2004.2
[34]赵新星等.COM组件属性、方法的自动提取和调度,计算机工程,2000,Vol.26 No.11：12-24
[35]郭清华.一种将C/S模式升级为B/S模式的方法.电网技术2000Vol24No.10
[36]张翔,周明全,耿国华.软件复用与基于Java的COM组件实现.计算机应用与软件,2002.5
[37](美)Cay S.Hosrtmann Gary cornel著,朱志等译Java2核心技术(卷xl：高级特性)北京：机械工业出版社,2001.10,887-940
[38]Irafn Dawood JNI Basic http:www.weodeProjeet.com/jvaa/20029
[2]肖敏,熊前兴,赵玉伟.基于C/S与B/S混合模式的应用研究.武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2006.3 Vol28No.3：4-7
[3]霍林,覃海生,黄桂锐.利用VBA以及COM+实现多层结构题库系统平台产品应用,2002.6：34-36
[4]徐利军,谢康林.COM+和EJB中有状态组件的研究.计算机工程与应用2003.12：35-38
[5]冯大滨,曹作良.利用JNI实现移动机器人本地Java控制系统.天津理工学院学报,2003.12
[6]易开祥,胡敏,杨建,石教英.基于B/S模式的信息系统研究与设计.计算机工程2000.8、vol.26No.8：29-31
[7]张浩,冯以之,乔非,吴启迪.基于web的应用软件开发技术.微型计算机应用,1998.8：1-3
[8]秦炜,姚建刚,姚尧,罗堪生.基于B/S模式的Mis设计.电力自动化设备2002.11 voL.22No.11:35-38
[9]郑成增,陈志锋.基于B/S模式的web数据库技术研究.山西大学学报(自然科学版)2000,vol.23 No.3：221-224
[10](美)罗伯特.A舒尔特海斯,(美)玛丽.萨默着.管理信息系统：英文版.第4版北京：机械工业出版社,1998,15-40
[11]朱绍文,陈绪君,熊伟,肖毅,张大斌,COM及其发展.计算机工程,2001.9：[11](美)Dale Rogerson著,杨秀章译.COM技术内幕.北京：清华大学出版社1999.3,70.93
[12]潘爱民着.COM原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2001.3,36-74.
[13]薛华成,管理信息系统.北京：清华大学出版社,1993.6,14-25
[14]5.FouziHusaini,Using The Java Native Interface http://WW.wacm.og/rerossrodasx/rds4-2/jni.html2001.1
[15]Neville Mehta,Interacting With C From Java With JNI http: //www.devartieles.eom/e/a/Jvaa/2002.7
[16]Tal Liron Enhance your java application with java Native interfere http:ww.wjvawaorld.eom/javwaorld/jw-10-1999/1999.10
[17]李亚东,夏雨佳,席裕庚.基于JNI的跨平台软件设计.计算机工程,Vol.26,No.9 2000.9：87-89
[18]程英蕾,殷肖川,吴丰.从C/S模式转向B/S模式.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版)2000.6Vol1No.2
[19]Jibitesh Mishra,Ashok Mohanty著,现代信息系统设计方法[M],司光亚,莫凯,秦方任 译。电子工业出版社,2002,20-25
[20]田华,墙芳踢,吕国斌,李振华Browse/server技术—新一代的计算模式.计算机应用研究,1998.6：1-3
[21]ZHANG Zizhong Electric Power Integrated Information System Based on COM Technology ELECTUICIT-YCSEE1998.4,47-80
[22]李杰,张立群.利用Java开发COM组件的方法与实现.计算机工程,2000,voL26No.7：92-94
[23]Wang yongjun,GONG Jina ya ACOM-based Framework for Management AnalysisnadVisualizationofLagreSeoPeDigitalElevationModelsGeo-sPatiallnofrmationseienee(Qu arterly)SePtember2003
[24]孙延琳,詹振炎COM中的命名和绑定技术.计算机工程与设计,200.29：66-68
[25]汤宏鹏,王秒.关于获取COM对象和接口探讨.计算机系统应用,2001.1：43-46
[26]程宝雷,李培峰,朱巧明.COM技术在web上的应用.计算机应用与软件2004.3,Vol.21,No.3：111-113
[27]Tang xiao mei,SUNLi The Model and Design for COM-Based e-Commerce APPlieationSystemoJumalofDnogHuaUnivesriyt2002.4
[28]Dan Adler The JACOB Project:A Java-COM Bridge http://danadle.rcom/jacob/2001.9
[29]YOSHINORI wattage J COM(Java-COM bridge) http://ww.whcn.zqa.ne.jP/no-i/jeom/index-eng.htm2000.8
[30]Bruee Eeke-Thinking in Java,3rd EditionPrentiee-Hal-2002.22,49-50
[31]邱智明.Java与e升的编程接口JNI.电子&计算机,Vol.32,No.9,1997.9：23-27
[32]张华平,玄光哲,于贵平,刘泰然.基于JNI技术应用框架的分析和实现.吉林大学学报(信息科学版),Vol.21,No.2,2003.5：188-191
[33]沙嘉祥,宁书年,林捷.利用JNI实现企业Java程序与传统应用程序的集成.计算机与现代化,Vol.ZINo.2：2004.2
[34]赵新星等.COM组件属性、方法的自动提取和调度,计算机工程,2000,Vol.26 No.11：12-24
[35]郭清华.一种将C/S模式升级为B/S模式的方法.电网技术2000Vol24No.10
[36]张翔,周明全,耿国华.软件复用与基于Java的COM组件实现.计算机应用与软件,2002.5
[37](美)Cay S.Hosrtmann Gary cornel著,朱志等译Java2核心技术(卷xl：高级特性)北京：机械工业出版社,2001.10,887-940
[38]Irafn Dawood JNI Basic http:www.weodeProjeet.com/jvaa/20029