氢键及配位键作用下表面超分子自组装膜的制备及STM表征
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摘要
基于物理吸附的表面超分子自组装是在表面获得分子级可控结构的有效方法。利用超分子化学对非共价键的认识可以在表面构筑多组分、结构可控的、具有一定热稳定性的超分子自组装单层膜,而这些修饰了超分子自组装单层膜的表面在化学及生物传感、分子识别以及纳米电子学上有潜在的应用。本论文利用扫描隧道显微镜(STM)系统地研究了不同强度分子间非共价键作用下的超分子自组装,通过对比深入探讨了在不同强度侧向作用力下,吸附物-基底作用力对自组装膜结构的影响,并同时建立了一种简单有效的新方法来构建在气/固界面下具有一定热稳定性的超分子自组装膜。主要研究内容和结果如下:
1、系统地研究了液/固界面下不同链长的伯醇分子(从癸醇到三十醇)在Au(111)表面和Au(100)表面的自组装,STM结果显示所有伯醇分子都平躺吸附在表面形成与基底结构匹配的自组装膜。伯醇分子自组装膜的结构呈现奇偶效应,奇数链长的伯醇分子形成垂直结构,而短链偶数链长的伯醇分子形成鱼骨状的‘V’形结构,在长链的偶数链长伯醇分子自组装膜中可以同时观察到鱼骨状结构与倾斜结构。与烷烃分子的自组装不同,由于伯醇分子间形成氢键带来的额外稳定性使得伯醇分子可以在非重构的Au(111)表面形成有序自组装膜。
2、建立了一种新的方法构建气/固界面下具有较高热稳定性的三氰酸密胺自组装单层膜,成功地在重构的Au(111)表面以及重构的Au(100)表面构建了大范围结构均一的三氰酸密胺的自组装单层膜。同时分别对三聚氰胺以及三聚氰酸分子在Au(111)表面的自组装进行了研究。在三聚氰胺以及三聚氰酸的自组装膜中观察到分子的手性排列。通过一系列的高分辨STM图并结合理论化学计算分别构建了三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸以及三氰酸密胺自组装膜的结构模型,并讨论了吸附物-基底作用力对三氰酸密胺自组装膜结构的影响。研究表明尽管在三氰酸密胺自组装膜中,分子间的作用力三倍于分子-基底间的作用力,基底结构仍然可以微调自组装膜的结构。
3、建立了一种在表面构建金属-有机配位聚合物(MOCP)单层膜的方法,利用该方法成功地实现了DHBQ-Cu体系以及Bpy-Cu体系在Au(111)表面的自组装。STM结果表明当分子间作用力为金属-有机配位键时,自组装膜的结构主要由分子间作用力决定,这时,吸附物-基底作用力对自组装膜结构的影响很弱,表面的作用主要是提供二维平台以供金属-有机配位聚合物的形成和生长。
For nanotechnology to find wide practical use, we need to develop methods for controlled mass fabrication of nanosystems and nanodevices. Supramolecular self-assembly provides such a basic“bottom-up”technique to create SAMs with a controlled and repeatable manner. These functional surfaces fabricated by supramolecular SAMs have potential applications in fields of sensors, molecular recognition and nanoelectronics. In this paper, we systematically investigated a series of supramolecular SAMs directed by lateral non-covalent bonds with different strength. A new kind of method has been developed for fabrication of supramolecular SAMs with high thermal stability at air/substrate interface. The role of the adsorbate-substrate interactions has been discussed in the supramolecular SAMs directed by weak and strong lateral molecule-molecule interactions. Our research contents and main conclusions are:
1) The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanols (1-CNH2N+1OH) with varying carbon chain length (N=10-30) at the interfaces between alkanol solutions (or liquids) and the Au (111) surfaces have been systematically studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The carbon skeletons were found to lie flat on the surfaces. The odd-even effect known in the alkane SAMs also appears in the alkanol SAMs. Thus the odd N alkanols adopt the perpendicular lamellar structures owing to the favorable interactions of the methyl terminals as in the case of the odd alkanes. The herringbone-like structures were found dominant in the alkanol SAMs for even N<18, whereas the tilted structures and herringbone-like structures coexist in the SAMs of long chain alkanols for even N>18. In contrast to alkanes on the Au (111) surfaces, where no SAMs on the unreconstructed gold substrate were observable, alkanols can form SAMs on either the reconstructed or the unreconstructed gold surfaces.
2) A new method was established for construction of CA·M SAMs with high thermal stability at air/substrate interface. The CA·M SAMs with long range and uniform structures were successfully constructed on reconstructed Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces. In addition to the self-assembly of CA·M, the self-assembly of melamine molecules and cyanuric acid molecules have been investigated in Au(111) surfaces. The structural model of the SAMs of melamine molecules, cyanuric acid molecules and CA·M complex were established based on the high resolution STM images. Combined with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, the role of the adsorbate-adsorbate and the adsorbate-substrate interactions were discussed. Our results suggest that the substrates are able to adjust the final structures of the CA·M SAMs even when the strength of the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions is three times larger than that of the adsorbate-substrate interactions.
3) A simple one-step procedure has been developed for the preparation of the SAMs of metal-organic coordination polymers (MOCPs). The MOCPs of DHBQ-Cu system and Bpy-Cu system were directly synthesized on the preheated Au (111) surfaces from aqueous solutions. Incommensurate structures were found in the SAMs of MOCPs, which suggest that the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions dominate the self-assembly of MOCPs on Au (111) surfaces.
1、系统地研究了液/固界面下不同链长的伯醇分子(从癸醇到三十醇)在Au(111)表面和Au(100)表面的自组装,STM结果显示所有伯醇分子都平躺吸附在表面形成与基底结构匹配的自组装膜。伯醇分子自组装膜的结构呈现奇偶效应,奇数链长的伯醇分子形成垂直结构,而短链偶数链长的伯醇分子形成鱼骨状的‘V’形结构,在长链的偶数链长伯醇分子自组装膜中可以同时观察到鱼骨状结构与倾斜结构。与烷烃分子的自组装不同,由于伯醇分子间形成氢键带来的额外稳定性使得伯醇分子可以在非重构的Au(111)表面形成有序自组装膜。
2、建立了一种新的方法构建气/固界面下具有较高热稳定性的三氰酸密胺自组装单层膜,成功地在重构的Au(111)表面以及重构的Au(100)表面构建了大范围结构均一的三氰酸密胺的自组装单层膜。同时分别对三聚氰胺以及三聚氰酸分子在Au(111)表面的自组装进行了研究。在三聚氰胺以及三聚氰酸的自组装膜中观察到分子的手性排列。通过一系列的高分辨STM图并结合理论化学计算分别构建了三聚氰胺、三聚氰酸以及三氰酸密胺自组装膜的结构模型,并讨论了吸附物-基底作用力对三氰酸密胺自组装膜结构的影响。研究表明尽管在三氰酸密胺自组装膜中,分子间的作用力三倍于分子-基底间的作用力,基底结构仍然可以微调自组装膜的结构。
3、建立了一种在表面构建金属-有机配位聚合物(MOCP)单层膜的方法,利用该方法成功地实现了DHBQ-Cu体系以及Bpy-Cu体系在Au(111)表面的自组装。STM结果表明当分子间作用力为金属-有机配位键时,自组装膜的结构主要由分子间作用力决定,这时,吸附物-基底作用力对自组装膜结构的影响很弱,表面的作用主要是提供二维平台以供金属-有机配位聚合物的形成和生长。
For nanotechnology to find wide practical use, we need to develop methods for controlled mass fabrication of nanosystems and nanodevices. Supramolecular self-assembly provides such a basic“bottom-up”technique to create SAMs with a controlled and repeatable manner. These functional surfaces fabricated by supramolecular SAMs have potential applications in fields of sensors, molecular recognition and nanoelectronics. In this paper, we systematically investigated a series of supramolecular SAMs directed by lateral non-covalent bonds with different strength. A new kind of method has been developed for fabrication of supramolecular SAMs with high thermal stability at air/substrate interface. The role of the adsorbate-substrate interactions has been discussed in the supramolecular SAMs directed by weak and strong lateral molecule-molecule interactions. Our research contents and main conclusions are:
1) The self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanols (1-CNH2N+1OH) with varying carbon chain length (N=10-30) at the interfaces between alkanol solutions (or liquids) and the Au (111) surfaces have been systematically studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The carbon skeletons were found to lie flat on the surfaces. The odd-even effect known in the alkane SAMs also appears in the alkanol SAMs. Thus the odd N alkanols adopt the perpendicular lamellar structures owing to the favorable interactions of the methyl terminals as in the case of the odd alkanes. The herringbone-like structures were found dominant in the alkanol SAMs for even N<18, whereas the tilted structures and herringbone-like structures coexist in the SAMs of long chain alkanols for even N>18. In contrast to alkanes on the Au (111) surfaces, where no SAMs on the unreconstructed gold substrate were observable, alkanols can form SAMs on either the reconstructed or the unreconstructed gold surfaces.
2) A new method was established for construction of CA·M SAMs with high thermal stability at air/substrate interface. The CA·M SAMs with long range and uniform structures were successfully constructed on reconstructed Au(111) and Au(100) surfaces. In addition to the self-assembly of CA·M, the self-assembly of melamine molecules and cyanuric acid molecules have been investigated in Au(111) surfaces. The structural model of the SAMs of melamine molecules, cyanuric acid molecules and CA·M complex were established based on the high resolution STM images. Combined with density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations, the role of the adsorbate-adsorbate and the adsorbate-substrate interactions were discussed. Our results suggest that the substrates are able to adjust the final structures of the CA·M SAMs even when the strength of the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions is three times larger than that of the adsorbate-substrate interactions.
3) A simple one-step procedure has been developed for the preparation of the SAMs of metal-organic coordination polymers (MOCPs). The MOCPs of DHBQ-Cu system and Bpy-Cu system were directly synthesized on the preheated Au (111) surfaces from aqueous solutions. Incommensurate structures were found in the SAMs of MOCPs, which suggest that the adsorbate-adsorbate interactions dominate the self-assembly of MOCPs on Au (111) surfaces.
引文
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