黄山市游客空间流动特征研究
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摘要
本研究选题立足于当前国内外旅游业整体向前迅猛发展,中国将旅游业作为国民经济的战略性支柱产业培育,后金融危机旅游市场战略调整等特定背景,以黄山市作为研究区域,在对我国部分优秀旅游城市进行对比分析的基础上,得出黄山市的旅游资源禀赋与其旅游业发展水平不成比例的问题。旅游业的竞争在一定程度上表现为旅游客源的竞争,旅行活动是游客在客源地、目的地间的一次完整流动过程,游客的空间流动模式、流动方向、流动路径对旅游景区规划、旅游线路设计、旅游设施布局产生一定影响,进而影响区域旅游业的可持续发展。
本文从空间流动视角出发,利用地理学、心理学、统计学、管理学和市场学等理论与方法,坚持官方旅游统计资料和实地调研资料相结合,从入境、国内游客两个方面,深入分析黄山市游客空间流动特征。全文共分9个部分：
第一部分为绪论。分析全球和中国旅游业发展、金融危机、黄山市旅游业的不足等研究背景后,确定出游客空间流动特征选题,进而对该选题的理论意义、现实意义、研究思路进行阐述。
第二部分为旅游客流研究综述与理论基础。在收集旅游客流相关研究文献的基础上,从研究历程、研究内容两方面对国内外及黄山市旅游客流研究进行述评。遴选出成熟、应用性强的旅游客流相关理论,打好理论基础。
第三部分为黄山市概括。从黄山市背景条件、旅游景区、旅游产业发展三方面对研究区域进行相关介绍。
第四部分为黄山市入境游客空间分布特征分析。借用时空集中度、齐夫结构、转移态数理模型,对黄山市入境游客客源地空间分布、时空演变特征、齐夫结构特征、黄山市与各省市间的转移态规律进行研究。
第五部分为黄山市国内游客旅游行为分析。对游客的个体属性,旅游花费、出游目的、结伴方式、游览次数等行为属性和对黄山市旅游景区的感知度/偏好度差异特征进行分析。
第六部分为黄山市国内游客空间流动特征分析。从区域内、区域间两方面研究了游客在黄山市各区县、各旅游景区间和黄山风景区与其他景区、黄山市与其他旅游城市间的空间流动特征。借用使用曲线分析方法,研究了游客的产客率、到访率特征。
第七部分为游客空间流动模式及其影响因素分析。针对上述游客的空间流动特征,从区域内、区域间两大类构建出游客的空间流动模式,进一步分析游客空间流动模式的“三力”影响因素。
第八部分为黄山市旅游市场发展策略。在分析黄山市游客空间流动特征的基础上,结合黄山市的实际及世博会、泛长三角的良好机遇,为黄山市的旅游市场发展提出策略参考。
第九部分为总结。对黄山市游客的空间流动特征、空间流动模式、市场发展策略进行总结,并指出相关研究的不足。
通过分析论证,得出以下主要结论：(1)黄山市入境客源国空间分布呈现集中—分散—集中—分散的交替变化趋势,空间分布不稳定。俄罗斯、韩国、香港和加拿大4个客源地对黄山旅游需求的时间变化强度较大,客流不稳定；新加坡、菲律宾、泰国、日本和澳门5个客源地对黄山旅游需求的时间变化强度较小,客流随时间变化较稳定。(2)入境客流齐夫结构变化特征：①各年份无标度区的覆盖范围都较大,近五年呈“M”型小震荡变化,说明黄山市入境客流规模分布结构较稳定。②黄山市入境旅游客源国和地区单元的空间形态呈不规则帕累托模式。③黄山市入境旅游客流的流量规模分布呈现出较稳定的单分形变化趋势。(3)入境客流转移态规律：①流入转移态各级别的省市个数分布不均衡,呈偏弱化级别分布格局；流出转移态各级别的省市个数分布较均衡。②转移差的四种类型,呈现出向逆转移差一边倒的分布态势。③流入转移态呈现出东部强于西部、南方强于北方、临近省份“独强”的分布格局；流出转移态呈现出南方强于北方、东部强于西部、口岸省市与临近省份“双强”的分布格局；转移差与流出转移态的空间分布较为一致。④总结出与黄山市转移态关系密切的三大区域类型,即口岸引渡区、地域毗邻区和资源互补区。(4)国内游客在黄山市各区县间流动的趋中心、趋高特点；黄山市各旅游景区间呈现“三高一增一减”空间流动分布特点。(5)国内客流在区域间旅游景区和旅游城市间空间流动特征。(6)国内客流空间距离使用曲线特征和旅游景区到访率圈层衰减特征。(7)游客在区域内、区域间的空间流动模式构建。
本文的独特之处：(1)齐夫结构在入境客源国和地区中的引用。(2)游客空间流动模式构建。(3)黄山市东向发展战略提出。
The research topics based on the current rapid development of domestic industry as a whole forword,tourism as strategic pillar industry of national economy in China, the strategic adjustment of tourism market,after the financial crisis of the times,some specific background.Selected Huangshan City as the study area, on the basis of the contrast analysis of Huangshan City and some excellent tourism city in China,found the problem of disproportion between tourism resource and level of tourism development in Huangshan City.To some extent,competition in the tourism industry is competition in the tourists,tourism is a full flow of the process between fountain and destination,the space flow pattern of tourists,flow direction and flow path has some impact on tourism spots planning,travel circuit design and tourism facilities layout,and then affect the sustainable development of regional tourism.
The paperchooses spatial flow as research perspective,use geography,psychology,statistics, management and market theory and methods,etc.adhere to combine official tourism statistics with field research data,from inbound tourists and domestic tourists,in-depth analysis the spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City.Full text is divided into nine parts:
The first part is an introduction.After analysis the research background of global and China's tourism development,financial crisis,lack of tourism of Huangshan City,define the topic of the spatial flow characteristics of tourists,and then explain the theoretical significance,practical significance and research ideas of the topic.
The second part is review of tourist flows and related theories.On the basis of relevant literature of tourist flows,review some relevant literature of tourist flows of domestic,abroad and Huangshan City from the research process and research content sides.Select some relevant theory of tourist flows of mature and strong application,in order to pave the way for the following analysis.
The third part is overview of Huangshan City.It is a related presentation of Huangshan City from background conditions,tourism spots and tourism industry development sides.
The fourth part is spatial flow characteristics of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.Use some mathematical models of temporal and spatial concentration,zipf structure and transfer state,reveal some laws and features of spatial distribution of tourists,space-time evolution, zipf structure and transfer state between provinces & cities and Huangshan City of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.
The fifth part is tourism behavior of domestic tourists in Huangshan City.Analysis of individual properties of tourists,travel costs,travel purpose,partnering approach,travel times and different characteristics of perceptions & preference of tourism spots in Huangshan City among tourists.
The sixth part is spatial flow characteristics of domestic tourists in Huangshan City.Analysis of spatial flow characteristics of domestic tourists in Huangshan districts,tourism spots,Huangshan Mountain and other scenic spots,Huangshan City and other tourist cities from within the region and interregional sides.Using the curve analysis method,research the equal travel-rates and visited-rates curve of domestic tourists of Huangshan City.
The seventh part is spatial flow pattern of tourists and its influencing factors.In response to these spatial flow characteristics of tourists,propose spatial flow pattern of tourists from within the region and interregional sides,and then analysis "three forces" influencing factors of spatial flow pattern of tourists.
The eighth part is tourism market development strategy of Huangshan City.On the basis of analyzing spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City,combining actual situation of Huangshan City with The World Exposition China 2010 and Pan-Yangtze River Delta opportunity,proposing strategy of tourism market development of Huangshan City for reference.
The ninth part is summary.The paper made some conclusions of spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City,spatial flow pattern and tourism market development strategy,and pointed out some shortages of relevant research.
By analyzing and proving,it made some major conclusions:(1)The spatial distribution of inbound source country in Huangshan City shows alternating tendency of centralized-distributed-centralized-decentralized,its spatial distribution is unstable.Russia, South Korea,Hong Kong and Canada has large time-varying intensity of tourism demand to Huangshan,tourists is unstable; Singapore, Philippines, Thailand,Japan and Macao has small time-varying intensity of tourism demand to Huangshan, tourists is stable.(2)The variation characteristics of zipf structure:①Scale free range coverage is larger every year,its shows little change of "M" type the past five years,this show that zipf structure is stable of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.②Space form of inbound source countries and regions in Huangshan City shows pareto model irregular.③The zipf structure of inbound tourists in Huangshan City shows a stable trend of the fractal.(3)The law of transferring state of inbound tourists:①The number of provinces and cities of the transfer state flow into Huangshan City is unbalanced,the number of provinces and cities of weak level is more; the number of provinces and cities of the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is balanced.②Four types of the transfer difference shows the distribution trend of inverse transfer difference.③The distribution pattern of the transfer state flow into Huangshan City is that east is stronger than west,south is stronger than north,neighboring provinces is strong;The distribution pattern of the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is that south is stronger than north,east is stronger than west,port cities and neighboring, provinces are strong;The spatial distribution of the transfer difference and the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is consistency.④It summarized three types of closely related area of transfer state with the Huangshan City,that's port extradition region,area adjacent to the region and resource complementarity region.(4)The feature of flow to the regional center and high-level tourism spots in Huangshan district;The feature of spatial flow distribution is "three high,an increase,a reduction".(5)The feature of spatial flow of domestic tourists in inter-regional tourism spots and tourism cities.(6)The feature of spatial distance use curve and visited-rates curve of domestic tourists.(7)Propose spatial flow pattern of tourists from within the region and interregional sides.
The innovations includes:(1)Zipf structure is applied to inbound countries and regions. (2)Proposed spatial flow pattern of tourists.(3)Proposed strategies of east to develop.
本文从空间流动视角出发,利用地理学、心理学、统计学、管理学和市场学等理论与方法,坚持官方旅游统计资料和实地调研资料相结合,从入境、国内游客两个方面,深入分析黄山市游客空间流动特征。全文共分9个部分：
第一部分为绪论。分析全球和中国旅游业发展、金融危机、黄山市旅游业的不足等研究背景后,确定出游客空间流动特征选题,进而对该选题的理论意义、现实意义、研究思路进行阐述。
第二部分为旅游客流研究综述与理论基础。在收集旅游客流相关研究文献的基础上,从研究历程、研究内容两方面对国内外及黄山市旅游客流研究进行述评。遴选出成熟、应用性强的旅游客流相关理论,打好理论基础。
第三部分为黄山市概括。从黄山市背景条件、旅游景区、旅游产业发展三方面对研究区域进行相关介绍。
第四部分为黄山市入境游客空间分布特征分析。借用时空集中度、齐夫结构、转移态数理模型,对黄山市入境游客客源地空间分布、时空演变特征、齐夫结构特征、黄山市与各省市间的转移态规律进行研究。
第五部分为黄山市国内游客旅游行为分析。对游客的个体属性,旅游花费、出游目的、结伴方式、游览次数等行为属性和对黄山市旅游景区的感知度/偏好度差异特征进行分析。
第六部分为黄山市国内游客空间流动特征分析。从区域内、区域间两方面研究了游客在黄山市各区县、各旅游景区间和黄山风景区与其他景区、黄山市与其他旅游城市间的空间流动特征。借用使用曲线分析方法,研究了游客的产客率、到访率特征。
第七部分为游客空间流动模式及其影响因素分析。针对上述游客的空间流动特征,从区域内、区域间两大类构建出游客的空间流动模式,进一步分析游客空间流动模式的“三力”影响因素。
第八部分为黄山市旅游市场发展策略。在分析黄山市游客空间流动特征的基础上,结合黄山市的实际及世博会、泛长三角的良好机遇,为黄山市的旅游市场发展提出策略参考。
第九部分为总结。对黄山市游客的空间流动特征、空间流动模式、市场发展策略进行总结,并指出相关研究的不足。
通过分析论证,得出以下主要结论：(1)黄山市入境客源国空间分布呈现集中—分散—集中—分散的交替变化趋势,空间分布不稳定。俄罗斯、韩国、香港和加拿大4个客源地对黄山旅游需求的时间变化强度较大,客流不稳定；新加坡、菲律宾、泰国、日本和澳门5个客源地对黄山旅游需求的时间变化强度较小,客流随时间变化较稳定。(2)入境客流齐夫结构变化特征：①各年份无标度区的覆盖范围都较大,近五年呈“M”型小震荡变化,说明黄山市入境客流规模分布结构较稳定。②黄山市入境旅游客源国和地区单元的空间形态呈不规则帕累托模式。③黄山市入境旅游客流的流量规模分布呈现出较稳定的单分形变化趋势。(3)入境客流转移态规律：①流入转移态各级别的省市个数分布不均衡,呈偏弱化级别分布格局；流出转移态各级别的省市个数分布较均衡。②转移差的四种类型,呈现出向逆转移差一边倒的分布态势。③流入转移态呈现出东部强于西部、南方强于北方、临近省份“独强”的分布格局；流出转移态呈现出南方强于北方、东部强于西部、口岸省市与临近省份“双强”的分布格局；转移差与流出转移态的空间分布较为一致。④总结出与黄山市转移态关系密切的三大区域类型,即口岸引渡区、地域毗邻区和资源互补区。(4)国内游客在黄山市各区县间流动的趋中心、趋高特点；黄山市各旅游景区间呈现“三高一增一减”空间流动分布特点。(5)国内客流在区域间旅游景区和旅游城市间空间流动特征。(6)国内客流空间距离使用曲线特征和旅游景区到访率圈层衰减特征。(7)游客在区域内、区域间的空间流动模式构建。
本文的独特之处：(1)齐夫结构在入境客源国和地区中的引用。(2)游客空间流动模式构建。(3)黄山市东向发展战略提出。
The research topics based on the current rapid development of domestic industry as a whole forword,tourism as strategic pillar industry of national economy in China, the strategic adjustment of tourism market,after the financial crisis of the times,some specific background.Selected Huangshan City as the study area, on the basis of the contrast analysis of Huangshan City and some excellent tourism city in China,found the problem of disproportion between tourism resource and level of tourism development in Huangshan City.To some extent,competition in the tourism industry is competition in the tourists,tourism is a full flow of the process between fountain and destination,the space flow pattern of tourists,flow direction and flow path has some impact on tourism spots planning,travel circuit design and tourism facilities layout,and then affect the sustainable development of regional tourism.
The paperchooses spatial flow as research perspective,use geography,psychology,statistics, management and market theory and methods,etc.adhere to combine official tourism statistics with field research data,from inbound tourists and domestic tourists,in-depth analysis the spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City.Full text is divided into nine parts:
The first part is an introduction.After analysis the research background of global and China's tourism development,financial crisis,lack of tourism of Huangshan City,define the topic of the spatial flow characteristics of tourists,and then explain the theoretical significance,practical significance and research ideas of the topic.
The second part is review of tourist flows and related theories.On the basis of relevant literature of tourist flows,review some relevant literature of tourist flows of domestic,abroad and Huangshan City from the research process and research content sides.Select some relevant theory of tourist flows of mature and strong application,in order to pave the way for the following analysis.
The third part is overview of Huangshan City.It is a related presentation of Huangshan City from background conditions,tourism spots and tourism industry development sides.
The fourth part is spatial flow characteristics of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.Use some mathematical models of temporal and spatial concentration,zipf structure and transfer state,reveal some laws and features of spatial distribution of tourists,space-time evolution, zipf structure and transfer state between provinces & cities and Huangshan City of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.
The fifth part is tourism behavior of domestic tourists in Huangshan City.Analysis of individual properties of tourists,travel costs,travel purpose,partnering approach,travel times and different characteristics of perceptions & preference of tourism spots in Huangshan City among tourists.
The sixth part is spatial flow characteristics of domestic tourists in Huangshan City.Analysis of spatial flow characteristics of domestic tourists in Huangshan districts,tourism spots,Huangshan Mountain and other scenic spots,Huangshan City and other tourist cities from within the region and interregional sides.Using the curve analysis method,research the equal travel-rates and visited-rates curve of domestic tourists of Huangshan City.
The seventh part is spatial flow pattern of tourists and its influencing factors.In response to these spatial flow characteristics of tourists,propose spatial flow pattern of tourists from within the region and interregional sides,and then analysis "three forces" influencing factors of spatial flow pattern of tourists.
The eighth part is tourism market development strategy of Huangshan City.On the basis of analyzing spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City,combining actual situation of Huangshan City with The World Exposition China 2010 and Pan-Yangtze River Delta opportunity,proposing strategy of tourism market development of Huangshan City for reference.
The ninth part is summary.The paper made some conclusions of spatial flow characteristics of tourists in Huangshan City,spatial flow pattern and tourism market development strategy,and pointed out some shortages of relevant research.
By analyzing and proving,it made some major conclusions:(1)The spatial distribution of inbound source country in Huangshan City shows alternating tendency of centralized-distributed-centralized-decentralized,its spatial distribution is unstable.Russia, South Korea,Hong Kong and Canada has large time-varying intensity of tourism demand to Huangshan,tourists is unstable; Singapore, Philippines, Thailand,Japan and Macao has small time-varying intensity of tourism demand to Huangshan, tourists is stable.(2)The variation characteristics of zipf structure:①Scale free range coverage is larger every year,its shows little change of "M" type the past five years,this show that zipf structure is stable of inbound tourists in Huangshan City.②Space form of inbound source countries and regions in Huangshan City shows pareto model irregular.③The zipf structure of inbound tourists in Huangshan City shows a stable trend of the fractal.(3)The law of transferring state of inbound tourists:①The number of provinces and cities of the transfer state flow into Huangshan City is unbalanced,the number of provinces and cities of weak level is more; the number of provinces and cities of the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is balanced.②Four types of the transfer difference shows the distribution trend of inverse transfer difference.③The distribution pattern of the transfer state flow into Huangshan City is that east is stronger than west,south is stronger than north,neighboring provinces is strong;The distribution pattern of the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is that south is stronger than north,east is stronger than west,port cities and neighboring, provinces are strong;The spatial distribution of the transfer difference and the transfer state outflow from Huangshan City is consistency.④It summarized three types of closely related area of transfer state with the Huangshan City,that's port extradition region,area adjacent to the region and resource complementarity region.(4)The feature of flow to the regional center and high-level tourism spots in Huangshan district;The feature of spatial flow distribution is "three high,an increase,a reduction".(5)The feature of spatial flow of domestic tourists in inter-regional tourism spots and tourism cities.(6)The feature of spatial distance use curve and visited-rates curve of domestic tourists.(7)Propose spatial flow pattern of tourists from within the region and interregional sides.
The innovations includes:(1)Zipf structure is applied to inbound countries and regions. (2)Proposed spatial flow pattern of tourists.(3)Proposed strategies of east to develop.
引文
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