可燃性气体报警系统的研究与开发
摘要
油库是石化供应链中重要的一个环节,油库系统的安全至关重要。在油库日常的生产操作环节中不可避免的存在易燃易爆气体,若任由这些气体在环境中积聚或泄漏,易造成爆炸、燃烧等恶性事故,因此必须及时排除。目前,我国可燃性气体报警系统一方面以单片机开发报警器居多,其精度、稳定性和扩展性不佳,难以适应信息化发展的要求:另一方面,报警器多数以发出声光报警的方式提示操作人员进行排风操作,自动化程度较低。随着自动化与信息化技术在石化行业的广泛推广和应用,对可燃性气体报警系统提出了更高的要求。
本文基于某公司石化行业的可燃性气体报警系统项目,旨在提高报警系统的信息化和自动化水平,以满足用户的需求。根据控制系统发展状况与当前可燃性报警系统发展趋势,我们提出了相应开发方案,并结合公司实际情况与要求,选择了以下位机硬件采集控制和上位机软件监控的架构。在下位机系统中,通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)来采集现场模拟量信号,处理现场数字量信号。在RS485串行通信标准基础上采用MODBUS通信协议实现PLC与气体探测器通信读取数据,通过通讯卡实现PLC与PC机的PROFIBUS通信,并通过对继电器的控制来控制风机开关,以实现自动控制。在上位机器监视系统中,我们采用Ifix组态软件开发人机界面,生产实时状况,不仅直观形象,也方便操作人员进行监控和记录查询等操作。
实践证明,本可燃性气体报警系统数据采集高效、准确,运行稳定,降低了劳动强度,提高了工作效率,体现了信息化促进工业化的特点,达到了预期设计效果。
Oil Depot is an important step in the petrochemical industry supply chain, so the security of the Oil Depot System is very important. The inflammable gas and explosive gas exist unavoidably in the daily production link and operation link of Oil Depot. The gas' accumulation and leaking in the environment will easily cause malignant accidents such as explosion, combustion,etc. So the must be eliminated in time. At present, the flammable gas alarming systems in China are developed by MCU beefs, so their accuracy, stability, and expansibility are not very good, which is difficult to meet the requirement of the development of the informatization. Also, most of the annunciators only alarm by sending out sound and light to suggest the operator to take the operation of discharging the gas, the automatic degree of which is relatively low. With the widely popularization and application of automation and informatization on fossilization industry, higher requirements are proposed to flammable gas alarming systems.
This paper based on a certain company's project of flammable gas alarming system on fossilization industry, it aims to improve the information and automation level of the alarming system in case to meet the user's requirements. According to the development status of Control System and the current development trend of Flammable Gas Alarming Systems, we proposed relevant exploitation plan. Combined with the company's practical situation and requirements, we choose the structure that inferior hardware system collect and control, superior software system monitor. In the inferior hardware system, PLC collects the field analog signal and processes the field digital signal. On the RS485 serial communication standard, we realize the communication between PLC and gas detector by using MODBUS protocol, realize the PROFIBUS communication between PLC and PC by communication card, realize the automatic control to fans by controlling the relay. In the superior software system, we use IFIX configuration software to develop the system to support the guests to find out the real-time running situation of the field in time, which not only be visual but also be convenient for the operators' operation such as monitoring, recording, querying and etc.
Actual uses show that Flammable Gas Alarming Systems can collect data efficiently and accurately, and runs steadily. It decreases the working intention, improves the efficiency of work, and reflects the feature that information promotes industrialization. The perspective purpose is carried out.
本文基于某公司石化行业的可燃性气体报警系统项目,旨在提高报警系统的信息化和自动化水平,以满足用户的需求。根据控制系统发展状况与当前可燃性报警系统发展趋势,我们提出了相应开发方案,并结合公司实际情况与要求,选择了以下位机硬件采集控制和上位机软件监控的架构。在下位机系统中,通过PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)来采集现场模拟量信号,处理现场数字量信号。在RS485串行通信标准基础上采用MODBUS通信协议实现PLC与气体探测器通信读取数据,通过通讯卡实现PLC与PC机的PROFIBUS通信,并通过对继电器的控制来控制风机开关,以实现自动控制。在上位机器监视系统中,我们采用Ifix组态软件开发人机界面,生产实时状况,不仅直观形象,也方便操作人员进行监控和记录查询等操作。
实践证明,本可燃性气体报警系统数据采集高效、准确,运行稳定,降低了劳动强度,提高了工作效率,体现了信息化促进工业化的特点,达到了预期设计效果。
Oil Depot is an important step in the petrochemical industry supply chain, so the security of the Oil Depot System is very important. The inflammable gas and explosive gas exist unavoidably in the daily production link and operation link of Oil Depot. The gas' accumulation and leaking in the environment will easily cause malignant accidents such as explosion, combustion,etc. So the must be eliminated in time. At present, the flammable gas alarming systems in China are developed by MCU beefs, so their accuracy, stability, and expansibility are not very good, which is difficult to meet the requirement of the development of the informatization. Also, most of the annunciators only alarm by sending out sound and light to suggest the operator to take the operation of discharging the gas, the automatic degree of which is relatively low. With the widely popularization and application of automation and informatization on fossilization industry, higher requirements are proposed to flammable gas alarming systems.
This paper based on a certain company's project of flammable gas alarming system on fossilization industry, it aims to improve the information and automation level of the alarming system in case to meet the user's requirements. According to the development status of Control System and the current development trend of Flammable Gas Alarming Systems, we proposed relevant exploitation plan. Combined with the company's practical situation and requirements, we choose the structure that inferior hardware system collect and control, superior software system monitor. In the inferior hardware system, PLC collects the field analog signal and processes the field digital signal. On the RS485 serial communication standard, we realize the communication between PLC and gas detector by using MODBUS protocol, realize the PROFIBUS communication between PLC and PC by communication card, realize the automatic control to fans by controlling the relay. In the superior software system, we use IFIX configuration software to develop the system to support the guests to find out the real-time running situation of the field in time, which not only be visual but also be convenient for the operators' operation such as monitoring, recording, querying and etc.
Actual uses show that Flammable Gas Alarming Systems can collect data efficiently and accurately, and runs steadily. It decreases the working intention, improves the efficiency of work, and reflects the feature that information promotes industrialization. The perspective purpose is carried out.
引文
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[2]王来忠,冯展杭,赵忠,刘道信,高广和,王志安,可燃气体检测报警联动排风控制系统,工业安全与环保[J],2007年第33卷第8期.
[3]郭建明,姚平喜,油库可燃气体报警系统设计与应用,机械管理开发[J],2007年6月第3期.
[4]韩耀振,基于CAN/485总线的可燃气体报警系统设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J],2008/01.
[5]赖泳,化工企业消防及可燃气体探测报警系统得实践,石油化工自动化[J],2005.2:105.
[6]韩耀振,周风余,张德才,基于CAN/485总线的可燃气体报警系统设计,单片机与嵌入式系统应用[J],2008/01.
[7]蔡兵,基于CAN总线的可燃气体监控系统设计,吉首大学学报(自然科学版)[J],2005年第26卷第2期.
[8]熊贤志,吴汉华,基于MSP430的可燃气体报警系统的设计,仪表技术与传感器[J],2005年第7期.
[9]王来忠,冯展杭,赵忠,刘道信,可燃气体检测报警联动排风控制系统,安全技术[J],2007年第7卷第4期.
[10]王常力,罗安,集散型控制系统选型与应用[M].北京清华大学出版社,1999.
[11]阮惠卿,PLC、DCS、FCS三大控制系统,长春理工大学学报(综合版)[J],第1卷第4期.
[12]杨岭,PLC、DCS、FCS三大控制系统的特点及应用,科技资讯[J],2007NO.23.
[13]王劲松,孟海斌,简述PLC DCS FCS三大控制系统,控制工程[J],2006年9月第13卷增刊.
[14]Yang S M,Lee C H.A deadbeat current controller for field oriented induction motor drives[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,202.17(5):770-778.
[15]冯巧玲,自动控制原理[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[16]刘美,李桢,朱学峰.基于微机监控网络的DCS系统[J].控制工程,2003, 10(5):416-419.2.
[17]谢望,气体传感器技术的现状和发展趋势,仪器仪表用户[J],2006/05.
[18]龚雪,气体火灾探测器的研究与发展,消防科学与技术[J],2005/06.
[19]李冬梅,几种常见气体传感器的研究进展,传感器世界[J],2006/01.
[20]吴玉锋,田彦文,韩元山,翟玉春,气体传感器研究进展和发展方向,计算机测量与控制[J],2003.11(10).
[21]潘小青,气体传感器及其发展,东华理工学院学报(自然科学版)[J],2004/01.
[22]孙兵,可燃性气体报警仪的研制,冲国科技信息[J],2005/07.
[23]Danilators G D.Radiofrequency gaseous detection device.Microsc Microanal,2002,(6):12-19.
[24]边朝朝,可燃气体报警器的应用和常见故障处理,中国计量[J],2008/02.
[25]石瑛琳,付彦,峰丛浩,可燃气体报警器的安装,计量天地[J].
[26]S7-300PLC模板规范手册[Z],西门子(中国)有限公司,1998.
[27]西门子(中国)自动化与驱动集团编,深入浅出西门子-300PLC[M].北京:北京航空大学出版社,2004.
[28]毛哲.基于Profibus现场总线的PLC通信[J].自动化仪表,2004,25(10):31-3.
[29]黄明琪...[等]主编,可编程序控制器[M].重庆.重庆大学出版社2003.
[30]宋伯生编著,PLC编程理论、算法及技巧[M].北京.机械工业出版社2005.
[31]Siemens.SIMATIC S%300可编程序控制器产品目录.2003.4.
[32]Siemens.SIMATIC Working with STEP 7 V5.2.2002.12.
[33]黄明琪...[等]主编,工业通信网络与系统集成[M].重庆-重庆大学出版社2003.
[34]RS-422/485 Application Note.
[35]Marcelo Luis Dultra.Fieldbus Control System.Advances in Instrumentation and Control[J],Vol.51,1996:20-24.
[36]Jonas Berge.Fieldbus Enables Innovative Measurements.Advances in Instrumentationand Control[J],Vol.51,1996:25-29.
[37]周明,现场总线控制[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:110-111.
[38]张浩,谭克侵,朱守运主编.现场总线与工业以太网技术手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2004.
[39]Harry Wilson,Fieldbus developments improve process control system operations,Oil and Gas Journal[J],2007 Vol.105 no.30.
[40]M.MEDINA;C.LAU,Fieldbus reinstrumentation project yields significant benefits,Hydrocarbon Processing[J],2007 vol.86 no.3.
[41]季刚,FF和Profibus总线在重大危险源监控系统中的应用,仪表技术与传感器[J],2008/01.
[42]王晓池,基于Profibus现场总线远程监控系统的设计与实现,工业仪表与自动化装置[J],2008/01.
[43]现场总线PROFIBUS技术问答,国内外机电一体化技术[J],2006/06.
[44]米歇尔.伏尔茨,现场总线PROFIBUS技术手册.北京:中国机电一体化技术应用协会现场总线(PROFIBUS)专业委员会,1997.
[45]罗乔东,辛乐,武白芳.基于PROFIBUS现场总线的可编程逻辑控制器监控网络的实现[J].计算机测量与控制,2004,12(2):170-172.
[46]Integrierte Profibus-Diagn0se,Chemie-Anlagen+Verfahren[J],2007 no.7.
[47]PROFIBUS in the process industry,Oil Review Middle East[J],2007 Vol.10 no.3.
[48]Chemie Plus,Profibus Power Hub kontrolliert die Feldbus-Technologie[J],2007no.6.
[49]尹冬梅,基于MooBUS总线的嵌入式工业测控系统的研究[J],广东工业大学学位论文.
[50]何跃智,MODBUS RTU通讯协议在$7-200中的应用,可编程控制器与工厂自动化[J],2006/03.
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