甘肃鼢鼠（Myospalax Cansus）视觉系统感光性研究
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摘要
感觉系统的适应机制一直是动物行为学研究的焦点。生活在特殊环境中的动物其感觉系统在进化过程中表现出的显著差异更是引人注目。由于适应地下黑暗的生活环境,这些啮齿动物视觉系统的形态特征、功能等在进化中表现出高度的趋同现象,如视器变小,视觉退化乃至消失等。因此,这为地下啮齿动物视觉系统进化提供了理想的研究材料,将对地下啮齿动物视觉系统适应进化机制的研究起积极促进作用。本研究以甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)为材料,运用组织学方法和免疫组织化学研究方法,对甘肃鼢鼠不同暗适应期、不同时间光照刺激后视觉系统各核团中Fos表达进行测定,探讨甘肃鼢鼠视觉系统对光的敏感性。结果如下:
1.光刺激引起甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体背侧核强烈的Fos表达,充分表明甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体背侧核神经元强烈的光诱导活动,说明甘肃鼢鼠存在从视网膜发出,经过外侧膝状体背侧核,投射到初级视觉皮层的经典通路,其外侧膝状体背侧核承担成像视觉系统中结构的功能,具有对视觉信息加工处理的作用。在外侧膝状体腹侧核,光刺激后只有少量的Fos表达,这表明甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体腹侧核在参与视觉信息传递活动中作用甚小。
2.光刺激后,甘肃鼢鼠上丘中Fos表达无明显增加,表明甘肃鼢鼠虽存在微小的眼,但其上丘已不再是视眼反射主要的协调中枢了。
3.连续光照后,甘肃鼢鼠橄榄顶盖前核和视束核强烈的Fos表达,表明甘肃鼢鼠橄榄顶盖前核和视束核除了具有对视觉运动和瞳孔反射进行整合的功能外,还可能参与光、暗环境识别。
4.暗适应一定时间后,照光组甘肃鼢鼠视交叉上核中出现强烈的Fos表达,表明甘肃鼢鼠视觉系统具有感光能力,其退化的眼和视网膜—下丘脑神经束能有效地将光信息传递到视交叉上核,该部分视觉通路结构在功能上是完整的。
5.虽然甘肃鼢鼠是严格营地下生活的鼠类,由于长期适应地下黑暗的生活环境,其眼已退化变小,已失去视物能力,但其视觉系统对光仍然敏感,其视觉通路仍然存在,仍然能够将光信息传递到视觉系统各个核团。
6.甘肃鼢鼠视觉系统感光性存在性别差异,雄鼠比雌鼠对光更敏感。
7.未照光情况下,雌、雄鼠视觉系统脑区仅视交叉上核中有Fos表达,其它视觉核团都无Fos表达,表明除视交叉上核外其他视觉核团中本身没有感受外界光
Adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of sensory system are the focal points of the animal behavior research, and especially the conspicuously different features that those animals residing in special ecotope show during the evolution of their sensory system are more attractive. Owning to adapting to subterranean dark ecotope, morphologic structure and functional of visual system in subterranean rodents show high convergence, such as small ocular system, regressive visual ability and even no such ability, which provide ideal materials for the study on visual system evolution of these animal. And it will assist in revealing the adaptive evolutionary mechanism of visual system of subterranean rodents. Using histological and immunohistochemistry method to measure Fos expression content of every visual nucleus in different light stimulation time and different dark adaptation period, and to explore the photo-sensitivity of visual system. The results are as follows:1. Strong Fos expression in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus after light exposure, which is a strong indication for the light-induced reactivity of neurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in Myospalax cansus. And show that Myospalax cansus has the typical pathway from retina, relaying through the dorsal lateral geniculate to primary visual cortex, and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus play the role of processing light signal as a part of the image-forming visual system. Little Fos expression in ventral lateral geniculate nucleus after light exposure, which indicate that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus has little function in transmitting visual signal action in Myospalax cansus.2. No obvious increase in Fos expression in superior colliculus of Myospalax cansus during exposure to light, which indicates in Myospalax cansus with its minute eyes the superior colliculus is no longer needed as a major center of coordination for visuo-ocular reflexes.3. Strong Fos expression in olivary pretectal nucleus and optic tract nucleus after exposure to light in Myospalax cansus, which indicate they involve not only in the integration of visuomotor functions and the pupillary light reflex, but also in dark/light discriminatioin.4. Strong c-Fos expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus after light exposure after some dark adaptation period, which suggests that the rudimentary eyes and retino-.
1.光刺激引起甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体背侧核强烈的Fos表达,充分表明甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体背侧核神经元强烈的光诱导活动,说明甘肃鼢鼠存在从视网膜发出,经过外侧膝状体背侧核,投射到初级视觉皮层的经典通路,其外侧膝状体背侧核承担成像视觉系统中结构的功能,具有对视觉信息加工处理的作用。在外侧膝状体腹侧核,光刺激后只有少量的Fos表达,这表明甘肃鼢鼠外侧膝状体腹侧核在参与视觉信息传递活动中作用甚小。
2.光刺激后,甘肃鼢鼠上丘中Fos表达无明显增加,表明甘肃鼢鼠虽存在微小的眼,但其上丘已不再是视眼反射主要的协调中枢了。
3.连续光照后,甘肃鼢鼠橄榄顶盖前核和视束核强烈的Fos表达,表明甘肃鼢鼠橄榄顶盖前核和视束核除了具有对视觉运动和瞳孔反射进行整合的功能外,还可能参与光、暗环境识别。
4.暗适应一定时间后,照光组甘肃鼢鼠视交叉上核中出现强烈的Fos表达,表明甘肃鼢鼠视觉系统具有感光能力,其退化的眼和视网膜—下丘脑神经束能有效地将光信息传递到视交叉上核,该部分视觉通路结构在功能上是完整的。
5.虽然甘肃鼢鼠是严格营地下生活的鼠类,由于长期适应地下黑暗的生活环境,其眼已退化变小,已失去视物能力,但其视觉系统对光仍然敏感,其视觉通路仍然存在,仍然能够将光信息传递到视觉系统各个核团。
6.甘肃鼢鼠视觉系统感光性存在性别差异,雄鼠比雌鼠对光更敏感。
7.未照光情况下,雌、雄鼠视觉系统脑区仅视交叉上核中有Fos表达,其它视觉核团都无Fos表达,表明除视交叉上核外其他视觉核团中本身没有感受外界光
Adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of sensory system are the focal points of the animal behavior research, and especially the conspicuously different features that those animals residing in special ecotope show during the evolution of their sensory system are more attractive. Owning to adapting to subterranean dark ecotope, morphologic structure and functional of visual system in subterranean rodents show high convergence, such as small ocular system, regressive visual ability and even no such ability, which provide ideal materials for the study on visual system evolution of these animal. And it will assist in revealing the adaptive evolutionary mechanism of visual system of subterranean rodents. Using histological and immunohistochemistry method to measure Fos expression content of every visual nucleus in different light stimulation time and different dark adaptation period, and to explore the photo-sensitivity of visual system. The results are as follows:1. Strong Fos expression in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus after light exposure, which is a strong indication for the light-induced reactivity of neurons within the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in Myospalax cansus. And show that Myospalax cansus has the typical pathway from retina, relaying through the dorsal lateral geniculate to primary visual cortex, and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus play the role of processing light signal as a part of the image-forming visual system. Little Fos expression in ventral lateral geniculate nucleus after light exposure, which indicate that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus has little function in transmitting visual signal action in Myospalax cansus.2. No obvious increase in Fos expression in superior colliculus of Myospalax cansus during exposure to light, which indicates in Myospalax cansus with its minute eyes the superior colliculus is no longer needed as a major center of coordination for visuo-ocular reflexes.3. Strong Fos expression in olivary pretectal nucleus and optic tract nucleus after exposure to light in Myospalax cansus, which indicate they involve not only in the integration of visuomotor functions and the pupillary light reflex, but also in dark/light discriminatioin.4. Strong c-Fos expression in suprachiasmatic nucleus after light exposure after some dark adaptation period, which suggests that the rudimentary eyes and retino-.
引文
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