Er~（3+），Tm~（3+），Yb~（3+）掺杂碱土锡酸盐化合物纳米晶的上转换发光性能研究
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摘要
近年来,超细和纳米上转换材料在上转换荧光粉、红外探测器件、生物分子的荧光标记和双光子共聚焦显微成像、商标防伪等方面都显示出了巨大的应用前景。这些方面的应用特别需要环境友好、发光亮度高、粒度达到纳米级的上转换发光材料。钙钛矿复合氧化物具有独特的晶体结构,尤其经掺杂后形成的晶体缺陷结构和性能,被应用或可被应用在固体燃料电池、固体电解质、传感器、高温加热材料、固体电阻器及替代贵金属的氧化还原催化剂等诸多领域,成为化学、物理和材料等领域的研究热点。其中,尤以ABO3(A=Ca,Sr,Ba;B=Ti,Sn)型物质为基质的发光材料更为重要。近年来,由于白光源在固态多色三维显示和背光灯等方面具有重要的应用前景而引起广泛关注。频率上转换可以将近红外光通过非线性多光子过程转变成各种颜色的可见光,是产生白光的有效方法之一。稀土离子具有丰富的电子能级和窄的发射谱线,十分适合作为上转换发射中心。因此,本论文中,我们采取共掺杂的手段有效地改善了样品的发光性质,重点讨论了ASnO3:Er3+(A=Ca,Sr和Ba)纳米晶的发光特性以及Bi3+离子掺杂对提高发光强度的影响。通过掺杂Er,Tm,Yb离子在CaSnO3纳米晶体中得到了较纯的白光,并分析了Tm离子浓度对绿光发射具有淬灭作用而对红光和蓝光发射却具有敏化作用。取得了一些有意义的结果,如下:
1.采用水热法制得了较纯的ASnO3:Er3+ (A=Ca,Sr,Ba)纳米晶,所得样品均给出了来自于Er3+的4H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2能级跃迁产生的绿光发射(517-566 nm)和4F9/2→4I15/2能级跃迁产生的红光发射(650-680 nm)。其发射强度与Er3+离子的掺杂浓度密切相关,最佳摩尔掺杂浓度为2.0 mol%。从BaSnO3到SrSnO3到CaSnO3随着八面体扭曲越来越严重,上转换发射也越来越强,表明稀土离子的上转换发射强度强烈依赖于基质的晶体结构。
2.水热法制备了不同Bi3+掺杂浓度的CaSnO3:Er3+Bi纳米晶,XRD图谱表明Bi3+的掺杂并没有改变样品的基本结构。掺Bi3+和不掺Bi3+的所有样品均具有相似的光谱形状,都表现出Er3+的特征发射。随着Bi3+掺杂浓度的不同,CaSnO3:Er3+纳米晶的发光强度得到了不同程度的增强,Bi3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度是7%。研究表明,Bi3+离子的加入大大增强了CaSnO3:Er纳米晶的发光强度,尤其是绿光的发射,这说明Bi3+和Er 3+离子之间存在一个很好的能量传递,Bi3+离子是一种很有效的敏化剂。
3.成功制备了CaSnO3:Er,Tm,Yb纳米晶,在980nm激光激发下给出了明亮的肉眼可见的白光。白光由来自于Er3+离子的4F9/2→4I15/2能级的红光和(2H11/2, 4S3/2 )→4I15/2的绿光发射以及来自于Tm3+离子的1G4→3H6蓝光发射组成。从拉曼光谱中,可以看出CaSnO3纳米晶由于其具有声子能量低,稳定性好等多方面的优点将会是很有前途的上转换基质材料。
4.研究发现,随着Tm3+离子的掺入对Er3+的绿光具有淬灭作用,而当Tm3+浓度小于0.3%时Tm3+离子的掺入对红光和蓝光发射具有敏化作用,我们从上转换发光机制方面给出了解释。
Rare-earth (RE)-doped upconversion luminescence materials for conversion of efficient infrared into visible or ultraviolet light are very attractive for modern technology. These materials have a variety of potential applications in several areas, such as color displays, sensors, detection of infrared radiation, and upconversion lasers. White UC luminescence has received great attention because of the sources for a variety of application purpose. So the generation of white UC luminescence would be particularly feasible and interesting. Perovskite alkaline-earth stannate ASnO3, where A = Ca, Sr and Ba, are extensively investigated due to their unusual dielectric and semiconducting properties, and extensive application in gas or humidity sensors, lithium ion batteries, thermally stable capacitors, and photocatalytic utilization. In this thesis, We report here on the preparation of pervoskite-type ASnO3:Er3+ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) and CaSnO3:Er3+-Bi3+ nanocrystals via hydrothermal synthesis and their upconversion luminescence properties.UC fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions doped CaSnO3 crystals have been studied. The significant results are listed as follows:
1. ASnO3:Er3+ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) were prepared by a hydrothermal method. It is seen that these three nanocrystals can give the green emission and red emission, which are attributed to the intra-4f transition of 4H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4F9/2→4I15/2 of Er3+ ions, respectively. The order of the emission intensity (CaSnO3 > SrSnO3 > BaSnO3) is consistent with that of the tilting distortion of the SnO6 octahedral from CaSnO3 to SrSnO3 to BaSnO3, implying that the luminescence intensity of Er3+ is dependent on the structural distortion of stannates.
2.The investigation of the upconversion luminescence of Er3+-Bi3+ codoped CaSnO3 nanocrystals indicates that Bi3+ ions could largely sensitize the emission of Er3+ ions which was attributed to the efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Er3+ ions and the modification of the local symmetry of Er3+ ions. The results show that the CaSnO3:Er3+-Bi3+ nanocrystals have potential application for fabricating visible upconversion devices.
3. Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions codoped CaSnO3 nanocrystals are synthesized. Bright white upconversion luminescence in Er3+-Tm3+-Yb3+ doped CaSnO3 nanocrystals is obtained under diode laser excitation of 980 nm. The white light are composed of red, green and blue three primary colors which originate from the transitions of 4F9/2→4I15/2, (2H11/2, 4S3/2 )→4I15/2 of Er3+ ions and 1G4→3H6 of Tm3+ ions, respectively.
4. It is observed that Tm3+ ions acts as the quenching center for green upconversion luminescence from Er3+ ions, but as sensitizer for red and blue luminescence when the doping concentration of Tm3+ ions less than 0.3 mol %. This is interpreted in terms of the efficient energy transfer between Tm3+ and Er3+ ions.
1.采用水热法制得了较纯的ASnO3:Er3+ (A=Ca,Sr,Ba)纳米晶,所得样品均给出了来自于Er3+的4H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2能级跃迁产生的绿光发射(517-566 nm)和4F9/2→4I15/2能级跃迁产生的红光发射(650-680 nm)。其发射强度与Er3+离子的掺杂浓度密切相关,最佳摩尔掺杂浓度为2.0 mol%。从BaSnO3到SrSnO3到CaSnO3随着八面体扭曲越来越严重,上转换发射也越来越强,表明稀土离子的上转换发射强度强烈依赖于基质的晶体结构。
2.水热法制备了不同Bi3+掺杂浓度的CaSnO3:Er3+Bi纳米晶,XRD图谱表明Bi3+的掺杂并没有改变样品的基本结构。掺Bi3+和不掺Bi3+的所有样品均具有相似的光谱形状,都表现出Er3+的特征发射。随着Bi3+掺杂浓度的不同,CaSnO3:Er3+纳米晶的发光强度得到了不同程度的增强,Bi3+离子的最佳掺杂浓度是7%。研究表明,Bi3+离子的加入大大增强了CaSnO3:Er纳米晶的发光强度,尤其是绿光的发射,这说明Bi3+和Er 3+离子之间存在一个很好的能量传递,Bi3+离子是一种很有效的敏化剂。
3.成功制备了CaSnO3:Er,Tm,Yb纳米晶,在980nm激光激发下给出了明亮的肉眼可见的白光。白光由来自于Er3+离子的4F9/2→4I15/2能级的红光和(2H11/2, 4S3/2 )→4I15/2的绿光发射以及来自于Tm3+离子的1G4→3H6蓝光发射组成。从拉曼光谱中,可以看出CaSnO3纳米晶由于其具有声子能量低,稳定性好等多方面的优点将会是很有前途的上转换基质材料。
4.研究发现,随着Tm3+离子的掺入对Er3+的绿光具有淬灭作用,而当Tm3+浓度小于0.3%时Tm3+离子的掺入对红光和蓝光发射具有敏化作用,我们从上转换发光机制方面给出了解释。
Rare-earth (RE)-doped upconversion luminescence materials for conversion of efficient infrared into visible or ultraviolet light are very attractive for modern technology. These materials have a variety of potential applications in several areas, such as color displays, sensors, detection of infrared radiation, and upconversion lasers. White UC luminescence has received great attention because of the sources for a variety of application purpose. So the generation of white UC luminescence would be particularly feasible and interesting. Perovskite alkaline-earth stannate ASnO3, where A = Ca, Sr and Ba, are extensively investigated due to their unusual dielectric and semiconducting properties, and extensive application in gas or humidity sensors, lithium ion batteries, thermally stable capacitors, and photocatalytic utilization. In this thesis, We report here on the preparation of pervoskite-type ASnO3:Er3+ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) and CaSnO3:Er3+-Bi3+ nanocrystals via hydrothermal synthesis and their upconversion luminescence properties.UC fluorescences in Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions doped CaSnO3 crystals have been studied. The significant results are listed as follows:
1. ASnO3:Er3+ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) were prepared by a hydrothermal method. It is seen that these three nanocrystals can give the green emission and red emission, which are attributed to the intra-4f transition of 4H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4F9/2→4I15/2 of Er3+ ions, respectively. The order of the emission intensity (CaSnO3 > SrSnO3 > BaSnO3) is consistent with that of the tilting distortion of the SnO6 octahedral from CaSnO3 to SrSnO3 to BaSnO3, implying that the luminescence intensity of Er3+ is dependent on the structural distortion of stannates.
2.The investigation of the upconversion luminescence of Er3+-Bi3+ codoped CaSnO3 nanocrystals indicates that Bi3+ ions could largely sensitize the emission of Er3+ ions which was attributed to the efficient energy transfer from Bi3+ to Er3+ ions and the modification of the local symmetry of Er3+ ions. The results show that the CaSnO3:Er3+-Bi3+ nanocrystals have potential application for fabricating visible upconversion devices.
3. Er3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions codoped CaSnO3 nanocrystals are synthesized. Bright white upconversion luminescence in Er3+-Tm3+-Yb3+ doped CaSnO3 nanocrystals is obtained under diode laser excitation of 980 nm. The white light are composed of red, green and blue three primary colors which originate from the transitions of 4F9/2→4I15/2, (2H11/2, 4S3/2 )→4I15/2 of Er3+ ions and 1G4→3H6 of Tm3+ ions, respectively.
4. It is observed that Tm3+ ions acts as the quenching center for green upconversion luminescence from Er3+ ions, but as sensitizer for red and blue luminescence when the doping concentration of Tm3+ ions less than 0.3 mol %. This is interpreted in terms of the efficient energy transfer between Tm3+ and Er3+ ions.
引文
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