多花黑麦草对猪场污水的生理响应及对水体的净化作用
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摘要
畜禽集约化养殖规模的扩大,导致畜禽养殖污水迅速增加,含氮、磷污染物排放量增大,对环境的污染也日趋严重。多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)是我国农区广泛栽培的牧草,具有适应性强、根系发达、生长量大等特点,用作畜禽污水生物处理的材料,兼具环境效应、生态效应和经济效益。本文研究了猪场污水对多花黑麦草种子萌发、苗期和分蘖期的生长和生理的影响,并研究了苗期和分蘖期的多花黑麦草对猪场污水的氮、磷的利用效率。试验结果如下:
1.不同浓度猪场污水浸泡种子20min后,与对照(清水)相比,均促进了多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗根的生长。
2.用不同浓度猪场污水灌溉处理,对多花黑麦草种子萌发、幼苗和根的生长有明显的抑制效应。对幼苗根的生长的抑制作用大于对苗的抑制作用。当猪场污水浓度为800/200mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,种子不能萌发。
3.与对照相比,不同浓度猪场污水胁迫下,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的地上部生长量增加,但根的生长受抑制。其中,当污水浓度为200/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的根长分别为对照的30.0%和72.8%。当污水浓度为800/200mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的根系生长停滞。
4.随着水培处理时间的延长,多花黑麦草叶片叶绿素含量增加;并且活性氧代谢系统受到影响,其中,苗期和分蘖期的叶片POD活性趋于升高;MDA含量变化苗期趋于降低,分蘖期趋于升高。
5.经猪场污水培养的多花黑麦草茎叶中氮、磷含量都显著高于根部,植株体内氮、磷含量均显著高于对照。
6.经多花黑麦草净化处理或自然静置后,猪场污水中氮含量减少,但多花黑麦草对猪场污水中氮去除效果明显大于自然静置处理。
多花黑麦草对猪场污水中磷的去除效果显著,当浓度为200/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草对猪场污水中磷的去除效果是自然静置的3倍多。自然静置处理前后,污水中磷含量无显著变化。
综合考虑多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期在猪场污水胁迫下的生长、生理反应及对污水中氮、磷的净化作用,多花黑麦草分蘖期对浓度为215/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)的猪场污水净化最佳。
Due to the enlarging scale of intensive livestock, the increasing discharge amount of piggery wastewater aggravated environmental pollution. Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.) are widely cultivated as forage in the agricultural region of China. With the advantages of strong regrowth habits, a great amount of roots, rapid growth and so on, Italian ryegrass be considered used to purify the polluted environment. The effects of piggery wastewater on the seed germination, the growth and physiological characteristics of Italian ryegrass in the seedling and tillering stages were determined. Moreover, the purification effect of Italian ryegrass in the seedling and tillering stages on piggery wastewater was also studied in a pot experiment. The results were summarized as follows:
1. After the seeds of Italian ryegrass were immerged in the piggery wastewater with different concentration for 20 minutes, seed germination and root elongation of seedlings were higher than that of control.
2. The results showed that the seed germination, leaf and root elongation of seedling were significantly inhibited by irrigation treatment method with different concentration of piggery wastewater. The inhibition rate of root growth was greater than that of leaf growth. No seed germinated under the concentration of 800/200mg/L (TAN/TP).
3. Compared with the control, the biomass of above ground parts of Italian ryegrass was increased, but root growth was inhibited at seedling and tillering stage by treatment of piggery wastewater. The root length of plants at seedling and tillering stages was 30.0% and 72.8% of control, respectively, under the concentration of 200/50mg/L (TAN/TP) of piggery wastewater. However, the root growth of plants at seedling and tillering stage was completely inhibited when the concentration of piggery wastewater over 800/200mg/L (TAN/TP).
4. With the treatment time of wastewater culture increasing, chlorophyll content increased of plants. Furthermore, the activate oxygen metabolism system was destroyed. POD activity of plants tend to increase. MDA content of plants tend to increase in tillering, but to decreased in seedling stage.
5. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus of plants treated with piggery wastewater was significantly higher than that of control. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in stem and leaf were significantly higher than that in root.
6. After the purification treatment by Italian ryegrass or natural standing, the nitrogen contents in piggery wastewater was decreased. However, the purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus in piggery wastewater by Italian ryegrass treatment was better than that of natural standing.
There was no significant difference observed on phosphorus content in piggery wastewater before and after natural standing. However, phosphorus content was decreased by Italian ryegrass culture obviously. The purification efficiency of phosphorus by Italian ryegrass was 2 times higher than that by natural standing when the concentration was 200/50mg/L (TAN/TP).
In conclusion, tillering stage was the optimum growth stage for Italian ryegrass to purify the piggery wastewater with the concentration of 215/50mg/L(TAN/TP).
1.不同浓度猪场污水浸泡种子20min后,与对照(清水)相比,均促进了多花黑麦草种子萌发和幼苗根的生长。
2.用不同浓度猪场污水灌溉处理,对多花黑麦草种子萌发、幼苗和根的生长有明显的抑制效应。对幼苗根的生长的抑制作用大于对苗的抑制作用。当猪场污水浓度为800/200mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,种子不能萌发。
3.与对照相比,不同浓度猪场污水胁迫下,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的地上部生长量增加,但根的生长受抑制。其中,当污水浓度为200/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的根长分别为对照的30.0%和72.8%。当污水浓度为800/200mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期的根系生长停滞。
4.随着水培处理时间的延长,多花黑麦草叶片叶绿素含量增加;并且活性氧代谢系统受到影响,其中,苗期和分蘖期的叶片POD活性趋于升高;MDA含量变化苗期趋于降低,分蘖期趋于升高。
5.经猪场污水培养的多花黑麦草茎叶中氮、磷含量都显著高于根部,植株体内氮、磷含量均显著高于对照。
6.经多花黑麦草净化处理或自然静置后,猪场污水中氮含量减少,但多花黑麦草对猪场污水中氮去除效果明显大于自然静置处理。
多花黑麦草对猪场污水中磷的去除效果显著,当浓度为200/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)时,多花黑麦草对猪场污水中磷的去除效果是自然静置的3倍多。自然静置处理前后,污水中磷含量无显著变化。
综合考虑多花黑麦草苗期和分蘖期在猪场污水胁迫下的生长、生理反应及对污水中氮、磷的净化作用,多花黑麦草分蘖期对浓度为215/50mg/L(铵氮/总磷)的猪场污水净化最佳。
Due to the enlarging scale of intensive livestock, the increasing discharge amount of piggery wastewater aggravated environmental pollution. Italian ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum L.) are widely cultivated as forage in the agricultural region of China. With the advantages of strong regrowth habits, a great amount of roots, rapid growth and so on, Italian ryegrass be considered used to purify the polluted environment. The effects of piggery wastewater on the seed germination, the growth and physiological characteristics of Italian ryegrass in the seedling and tillering stages were determined. Moreover, the purification effect of Italian ryegrass in the seedling and tillering stages on piggery wastewater was also studied in a pot experiment. The results were summarized as follows:
1. After the seeds of Italian ryegrass were immerged in the piggery wastewater with different concentration for 20 minutes, seed germination and root elongation of seedlings were higher than that of control.
2. The results showed that the seed germination, leaf and root elongation of seedling were significantly inhibited by irrigation treatment method with different concentration of piggery wastewater. The inhibition rate of root growth was greater than that of leaf growth. No seed germinated under the concentration of 800/200mg/L (TAN/TP).
3. Compared with the control, the biomass of above ground parts of Italian ryegrass was increased, but root growth was inhibited at seedling and tillering stage by treatment of piggery wastewater. The root length of plants at seedling and tillering stages was 30.0% and 72.8% of control, respectively, under the concentration of 200/50mg/L (TAN/TP) of piggery wastewater. However, the root growth of plants at seedling and tillering stage was completely inhibited when the concentration of piggery wastewater over 800/200mg/L (TAN/TP).
4. With the treatment time of wastewater culture increasing, chlorophyll content increased of plants. Furthermore, the activate oxygen metabolism system was destroyed. POD activity of plants tend to increase. MDA content of plants tend to increase in tillering, but to decreased in seedling stage.
5. The content of nitrogen and phosphorus of plants treated with piggery wastewater was significantly higher than that of control. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents in stem and leaf were significantly higher than that in root.
6. After the purification treatment by Italian ryegrass or natural standing, the nitrogen contents in piggery wastewater was decreased. However, the purification effects on nitrogen and phosphorus in piggery wastewater by Italian ryegrass treatment was better than that of natural standing.
There was no significant difference observed on phosphorus content in piggery wastewater before and after natural standing. However, phosphorus content was decreased by Italian ryegrass culture obviously. The purification efficiency of phosphorus by Italian ryegrass was 2 times higher than that by natural standing when the concentration was 200/50mg/L (TAN/TP).
In conclusion, tillering stage was the optimum growth stage for Italian ryegrass to purify the piggery wastewater with the concentration of 215/50mg/L(TAN/TP).
引文
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