鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世沉积中心迁移演化规律研究
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摘要
在综合前人研究成果和已有勘探资料的基础上,以沉积学的基本原理和方法为指导,综合构造—地层分析、地球物理学、地球化学、盆地分析、古地貌恢复等多种理论和方法,通过野外露头、钻井、测井等资料的综合分析,深入研究了鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组的沉积体系发育特征、沉积中心以及沉降中心的位置。确定了研究区东北部以曲流河三角洲沉积体系为主,西南部以辫状河三角洲沉积体系较发育。分析了延长组主要油层组(长10—长1)的沉积相平面展布特征,确定了晚三叠世不同沉积期的湖岸线和深湖线位置。
在区域地质背景、轻重矿物、古流向及稀土元素分析的基础上,认为晚三叠世鄂尔多斯沉积主要受东北、西南以及西北和南部四大物源区影响,其中,东北部和西南部为主要物源区,西北部和南部为次要物源区,延长组各个沉积期物源具有良好的继承性。
鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组的沉积经历四个演化阶段,即湖盆形成及扩张期、鼎盛期、回返期、萎缩消亡期。长10、长9至长8期由满盆的河流到迅速的湖进,至长7期北西和北东向断裂活动明显加强,基底整体下沉剧烈,湖盆发育达鼎盛期,由于沉降速率增大,湖岸线迅速外扩,盆地西南部发育大面积浊积岩。长6期三角洲大规模充填,湖盆萎缩开始,长4+5期在盆地西北部出现短暂的湖泛,整体来看湖盆仍继续萎缩。长3期湖泊面积减小,深湖区向东南部退缩,长2期河流沉积广布,湖岸线萎缩幅度较大,深湖衰竭,至长1期演化为三角洲平原,仅在子长—庙沟一带深湖短暂复活,由于后期剥蚀作用,湖泊已支离破碎。
受构造沉降速率控制,湖盆的沉积中心发生有规律的变化,就研究区的湖岸线变化来看,长10期至长4+5期湖盆主轴线呈北西—南东向延展,长3期至长2期湖岸线西北部萎缩幅度较大,至长1期,湖盆主轴线由北西—南东向转为近东西向延展。
研究区晚三叠世沉降中心位于马家滩—白豹—宜君一线,西南部镇原—崇信一线存在局部沉降区;而沉积中心主要位于正宁—合水—姬塬—吴起—志丹—太白—黄陵—黄龙一线围成的区域,由西北向东南延展,并以北西—南东为轴向两侧迁移。沉降中心与沉积中心位置不完全一致,二者的迁移和叠加,对烃源岩热演化具有控制作用,其叠合部位将对烃源岩热演化异常高值分布区研究具有重要的意义。
Based on integrating the previous research results and exploration data and guided by fundamental sedimentological theory and means,the author had deeply studied the development characteristics of sedimentary system and the location of depocencer and subsidence center of Yan-chang Formation of Upper-Triassic in Ordos Basin by comprehensively utilizing many theories and means,such as tectonical and stratum analysis, geophysics,geochemistry,basin analysis and ancient landscape restoration.Moreover,the author also had confirmed that meandering river delta sedimentary system was mainly distributed in northeast portion,and the braided river delta sedimentary system in southwest portion.Simultaneously,the author analyzed the plane exhibition characteristic of sedimentary facies of Yanchang Formation(C10-C1),and conformed the location of lake strandline and deep lake strandline in each period of Yanchang Formation.
Based on analyzing the regional geologic background,light and heavy minerals, palaeocurrent direction and rock trace element characteristics,the author had concluded that there were four sedimentary source regions,such as northeast,southwest,northwest and south trending direction in Late Triassic period in Ordos Basin.Among them,the major proveniences were northeast and southwest trending,and secondly are northwest and south trending.Moreover,the provenances of each depositional stages of Yanchang Formation changed gradually and had good succession.
In Ordos Basin,Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic had four sedimentary evolutionary periods corresponding to lake basin,such as formation and enlarging period, largest extent period,returning period and the fading and dying period.In C10,C9 and C8 periods,the sedimentary systems had changed gradually from omnipresent fluvial facies into lacustrine transgressive facies,and in C7 period,the lake basin of Ordos Basin was in the largest extent period because the northwest and northeast trending faults began to activate strongly and entire basement sank violently,so for high subsidence rate,lake strandline extended rapidly,and the turbidit(?)es developed widely in southwest portion of Ordos Basin,In C6 period,the lake basin began to fade because of delta filling extensively,and in C4+5 period,the lake basin went on being in fading history except for the short-period of lake flooding when it appeared in northwest portion of the basin.In C3 period,the lake basin shrinked forward corresponding to the area of deep lake retiring to southeast portion,and in C2 period,fluvial sediments distributed widely,lake strandline shrinked rather more forward and the deep lake began to deplete.However,in C1 period,the main sedimentary system was delta plain in study area besides the short-term deep lake distributing in the area of from Zichang to Miaogou,but after the Triassic period,the lake of C1 Formation became fragmented because it had been eroded strongly.
The depocenter of lake basin changed regularly because of being controlled by tectonic subsidence rate.In the view of the evolvement of lake strandline,the main axis of lake extended along the northwest-southeast trending during from C10 to C4+5 period,and lake strandline faded to northwest rather more greatly during from C3 to C2 period,but in C1 period,the main axis of lake had changed extending direction from northwest-southeast into approximately latitudinal trending.
In Late Triassic period,subsiding cente(?)of Ordos Basin lay in the belt of Majiatan-Baibao-Yijun and the local subsidence region lay in the belt of Zhenyuan-Chongxin,southwest portion of Ordos Basin;but the depocencer lay mainly in the range surrounded by Zhengning,Heshui,Jiyuan,Wuqi,Zhidan,Taibai,Huangling and Huanglong,with stretching direction of from northwest to southeast and moving toward each side of northwest-southeast trending axis.The ranges of subsiding centers and depocencers were different.Their emigration and overlying had the control action on thermal evolution of source rock,and the overlying portion was of importance to study the distributing area of abnormal high values of of source rocks' thermal evolution.
在区域地质背景、轻重矿物、古流向及稀土元素分析的基础上,认为晚三叠世鄂尔多斯沉积主要受东北、西南以及西北和南部四大物源区影响,其中,东北部和西南部为主要物源区,西北部和南部为次要物源区,延长组各个沉积期物源具有良好的继承性。
鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组的沉积经历四个演化阶段,即湖盆形成及扩张期、鼎盛期、回返期、萎缩消亡期。长10、长9至长8期由满盆的河流到迅速的湖进,至长7期北西和北东向断裂活动明显加强,基底整体下沉剧烈,湖盆发育达鼎盛期,由于沉降速率增大,湖岸线迅速外扩,盆地西南部发育大面积浊积岩。长6期三角洲大规模充填,湖盆萎缩开始,长4+5期在盆地西北部出现短暂的湖泛,整体来看湖盆仍继续萎缩。长3期湖泊面积减小,深湖区向东南部退缩,长2期河流沉积广布,湖岸线萎缩幅度较大,深湖衰竭,至长1期演化为三角洲平原,仅在子长—庙沟一带深湖短暂复活,由于后期剥蚀作用,湖泊已支离破碎。
受构造沉降速率控制,湖盆的沉积中心发生有规律的变化,就研究区的湖岸线变化来看,长10期至长4+5期湖盆主轴线呈北西—南东向延展,长3期至长2期湖岸线西北部萎缩幅度较大,至长1期,湖盆主轴线由北西—南东向转为近东西向延展。
研究区晚三叠世沉降中心位于马家滩—白豹—宜君一线,西南部镇原—崇信一线存在局部沉降区;而沉积中心主要位于正宁—合水—姬塬—吴起—志丹—太白—黄陵—黄龙一线围成的区域,由西北向东南延展,并以北西—南东为轴向两侧迁移。沉降中心与沉积中心位置不完全一致,二者的迁移和叠加,对烃源岩热演化具有控制作用,其叠合部位将对烃源岩热演化异常高值分布区研究具有重要的意义。
Based on integrating the previous research results and exploration data and guided by fundamental sedimentological theory and means,the author had deeply studied the development characteristics of sedimentary system and the location of depocencer and subsidence center of Yan-chang Formation of Upper-Triassic in Ordos Basin by comprehensively utilizing many theories and means,such as tectonical and stratum analysis, geophysics,geochemistry,basin analysis and ancient landscape restoration.Moreover,the author also had confirmed that meandering river delta sedimentary system was mainly distributed in northeast portion,and the braided river delta sedimentary system in southwest portion.Simultaneously,the author analyzed the plane exhibition characteristic of sedimentary facies of Yanchang Formation(C10-C1),and conformed the location of lake strandline and deep lake strandline in each period of Yanchang Formation.
Based on analyzing the regional geologic background,light and heavy minerals, palaeocurrent direction and rock trace element characteristics,the author had concluded that there were four sedimentary source regions,such as northeast,southwest,northwest and south trending direction in Late Triassic period in Ordos Basin.Among them,the major proveniences were northeast and southwest trending,and secondly are northwest and south trending.Moreover,the provenances of each depositional stages of Yanchang Formation changed gradually and had good succession.
In Ordos Basin,Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic had four sedimentary evolutionary periods corresponding to lake basin,such as formation and enlarging period, largest extent period,returning period and the fading and dying period.In C10,C9 and C8 periods,the sedimentary systems had changed gradually from omnipresent fluvial facies into lacustrine transgressive facies,and in C7 period,the lake basin of Ordos Basin was in the largest extent period because the northwest and northeast trending faults began to activate strongly and entire basement sank violently,so for high subsidence rate,lake strandline extended rapidly,and the turbidit(?)es developed widely in southwest portion of Ordos Basin,In C6 period,the lake basin began to fade because of delta filling extensively,and in C4+5 period,the lake basin went on being in fading history except for the short-period of lake flooding when it appeared in northwest portion of the basin.In C3 period,the lake basin shrinked forward corresponding to the area of deep lake retiring to southeast portion,and in C2 period,fluvial sediments distributed widely,lake strandline shrinked rather more forward and the deep lake began to deplete.However,in C1 period,the main sedimentary system was delta plain in study area besides the short-term deep lake distributing in the area of from Zichang to Miaogou,but after the Triassic period,the lake of C1 Formation became fragmented because it had been eroded strongly.
The depocenter of lake basin changed regularly because of being controlled by tectonic subsidence rate.In the view of the evolvement of lake strandline,the main axis of lake extended along the northwest-southeast trending during from C10 to C4+5 period,and lake strandline faded to northwest rather more greatly during from C3 to C2 period,but in C1 period,the main axis of lake had changed extending direction from northwest-southeast into approximately latitudinal trending.
In Late Triassic period,subsiding cente(?)of Ordos Basin lay in the belt of Majiatan-Baibao-Yijun and the local subsidence region lay in the belt of Zhenyuan-Chongxin,southwest portion of Ordos Basin;but the depocencer lay mainly in the range surrounded by Zhengning,Heshui,Jiyuan,Wuqi,Zhidan,Taibai,Huangling and Huanglong,with stretching direction of from northwest to southeast and moving toward each side of northwest-southeast trending axis.The ranges of subsiding centers and depocencers were different.Their emigration and overlying had the control action on thermal evolution of source rock,and the overlying portion was of importance to study the distributing area of abnormal high values of of source rocks' thermal evolution.
引文
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