基于Lotus Domino/Notes的协作学习系统的设计与开发
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摘要
协作学习是一种通过小组或团队的形式组织学生进行学习的策略。网络作为一种开放的信息环境,比传统教学环境更能支持灵活开放的探究活动,支持师生之间、学生之间以及学校与社区之间的多向互动,有利于协作学习的实现。计算机支持的协作学习CSCL是在计算机网络技术环境支持下,学习参与者可突破地域和时间上的限制,进行相互交流、信息共享和合作性学习的一种教育群件系统。目前,很多CSCL的技术产品是在基于Web的教学支撑平台中增加了协作学习内容,以实现网络协作学习,它们在一定程度上促进了教师教学和学生学习。但是另一方面,这些平台也存在系统能力弱、教学设计思想难以实现、协作化学习体现不足等问题。
针对协作学习在当今教育教学中的重要地位和目前存在的一些问题,笔者设计开发了基于Lotus Domino/Notes的协作学习系统。它是一种不同于传统Web平台的学习系统。作为一次从企业级应用平台到教学平台移植的探索,它可以实现不受时空限制的、交互式的、图文并茂的协作学习。该系统以协作学习为主要目标,支持在网络环境下基于小组讨论的协作学习方式。系统实现的协作学习环境包括资源空间、个人空间和协作空间三部分。一方面实现教师、学生的非实时和实时协作教学活动,另一方面扩展并整合了系统功能,包括协同编辑、资源库、信息平台、教学评价、小组通讯等,从而为其他网络教学系统的开发整合提供可以借鉴的设计思路和实现方法。
本文首先介绍了协作学习的相关概念、发展和应用现状,说明了群件技术的一般原理。然后分析了Lotus Domino/Notes可应用于CSCL的各项功能及特色,提出了系统整体架构,包括网络拓扑结构和系统功能结构。协作学习系统主要由三个子系统构成,分别是:协作支持子系统、资源共享子系统和通信子系统,并向下可细分为各个功能模块。进一步深入阐述了协作学习系统的相关功能设计。实现了一个完整的协作学习系统。将该系统初步应用在Java技术培训课程中,根据系统使用效果,得出分析结论。最后,对本研究做的工作和成果进行总结,并指出研究中的不足和研究展望。
Collaborative Learning is an approach for teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together. The network as an open information environment is better than the traditional teaching and learning environment to support flexible and open exploration activities. It is conducive to the realization of collaborative learning in support of interactions between teachers and students, between the students, between schools and communities. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a groupware system under the environment of computer network technology, by which participants can break through geographical and time constraints, communicate, share information and are cooperative in education. At present, many of the CSCL technology products add some contents of collaborative learning in the Web-based teaching platform, in order to achieve network collaborative learning, which to some extent, promote the teaching and learning. But on the other hand, these platforms are also weak in capacity of the system, are difficult to achieve educational design thought, and are inadequate of collaborative learning.
For the important status of collaborative learning in today's education area and some problems existing at present, the authors has designed and developed a collaborative learning system based on Lotus Domino / Notes. It is different from the traditional Web-based learning system. As a platform transplant from the enterprise application to the teaching platform, it can achieve the collaborative learning, which is without time restrictions, interactive and full of graphic illustrations. The system takes the collaborative learning as the main object to support the collaborative learning approach based on group discussions under the network environment. Collaborative learning environment includes resources space, personal space and collaboration space. On one hand, it has achieved non-real-time and real-time collaborative teaching activities for teachers and students. On the other hand, it has extended and been integrated of system functions, including collaborative editing, resources database, information platform, educational evaluation and the group communication, so as to provide the integration of design ideas and methods for the development of other network teaching and learning systems.
First of all, the related concept, development and application of CSCL are introduced, and the general principle of groupware system is demonstrated. Next, the features of Lotus Domino/Notes for CSCL are analyzed, and then the system overall architecture is presented, including network topology architecture and system feature architecture. The system contains three parts: collaborative support subsystem, resource sharing subsystem and communication subsystem. All of them can be divided into more modules. A complete collaborative learning system is finished at last. This system is applied in Java technology training courses. According to the results of the system application, the conclusions analysis is drawn. Finally, the work of this study is summed up, and the lack of research and research prospects are pointed out.
针对协作学习在当今教育教学中的重要地位和目前存在的一些问题,笔者设计开发了基于Lotus Domino/Notes的协作学习系统。它是一种不同于传统Web平台的学习系统。作为一次从企业级应用平台到教学平台移植的探索,它可以实现不受时空限制的、交互式的、图文并茂的协作学习。该系统以协作学习为主要目标,支持在网络环境下基于小组讨论的协作学习方式。系统实现的协作学习环境包括资源空间、个人空间和协作空间三部分。一方面实现教师、学生的非实时和实时协作教学活动,另一方面扩展并整合了系统功能,包括协同编辑、资源库、信息平台、教学评价、小组通讯等,从而为其他网络教学系统的开发整合提供可以借鉴的设计思路和实现方法。
本文首先介绍了协作学习的相关概念、发展和应用现状,说明了群件技术的一般原理。然后分析了Lotus Domino/Notes可应用于CSCL的各项功能及特色,提出了系统整体架构,包括网络拓扑结构和系统功能结构。协作学习系统主要由三个子系统构成,分别是:协作支持子系统、资源共享子系统和通信子系统,并向下可细分为各个功能模块。进一步深入阐述了协作学习系统的相关功能设计。实现了一个完整的协作学习系统。将该系统初步应用在Java技术培训课程中,根据系统使用效果,得出分析结论。最后,对本研究做的工作和成果进行总结,并指出研究中的不足和研究展望。
Collaborative Learning is an approach for teaching and learning that involves groups of students working together. The network as an open information environment is better than the traditional teaching and learning environment to support flexible and open exploration activities. It is conducive to the realization of collaborative learning in support of interactions between teachers and students, between the students, between schools and communities. Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a groupware system under the environment of computer network technology, by which participants can break through geographical and time constraints, communicate, share information and are cooperative in education. At present, many of the CSCL technology products add some contents of collaborative learning in the Web-based teaching platform, in order to achieve network collaborative learning, which to some extent, promote the teaching and learning. But on the other hand, these platforms are also weak in capacity of the system, are difficult to achieve educational design thought, and are inadequate of collaborative learning.
For the important status of collaborative learning in today's education area and some problems existing at present, the authors has designed and developed a collaborative learning system based on Lotus Domino / Notes. It is different from the traditional Web-based learning system. As a platform transplant from the enterprise application to the teaching platform, it can achieve the collaborative learning, which is without time restrictions, interactive and full of graphic illustrations. The system takes the collaborative learning as the main object to support the collaborative learning approach based on group discussions under the network environment. Collaborative learning environment includes resources space, personal space and collaboration space. On one hand, it has achieved non-real-time and real-time collaborative teaching activities for teachers and students. On the other hand, it has extended and been integrated of system functions, including collaborative editing, resources database, information platform, educational evaluation and the group communication, so as to provide the integration of design ideas and methods for the development of other network teaching and learning systems.
First of all, the related concept, development and application of CSCL are introduced, and the general principle of groupware system is demonstrated. Next, the features of Lotus Domino/Notes for CSCL are analyzed, and then the system overall architecture is presented, including network topology architecture and system feature architecture. The system contains three parts: collaborative support subsystem, resource sharing subsystem and communication subsystem. All of them can be divided into more modules. A complete collaborative learning system is finished at last. This system is applied in Java technology training courses. According to the results of the system application, the conclusions analysis is drawn. Finally, the work of this study is summed up, and the lack of research and research prospects are pointed out.
引文
1.张际平.通讯与学习:远距离网络教学项目的研究[J],开放教育研究,1998(3)
2.王坦译.协作掌握学习的策略(TR.嘎斯基著)[M].山东:山东教育科研,1993
3.Slavin,R.E.Cooperative Learning[DB/OL],Theory,Research,and Practice 2thEd.USA:Massachusetts:Allyn and Bacon.1995.
4.Rikki Ashley.Cooperative Learning[EB/OL].http://members.home.net/riketa/index.htm.
5.黄荣怀.协作学习的系统观[J].现代教育技术.2000(1)
6.曾琪.合作学习的国内研究现状及问题分析[EB/OL].http://www.foredu.com.cn/kgsy/cywj/xzz1619.htm.
7.武坤.R7中文Lotus Domino/Notes应用开发指南[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2008,193
8.Matt Riggsby,Cat Malog.Lotus Notes与Domino 6从入门到精通[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003,22
9.赵建华,李克东.Web环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势[J],电化教育研究,2004(2)
10.彭智琨.虚拟学习社区:构筑信息技术教师成长的平台[D].南京:南京师范大学教育技术学,2005
11.刘新阳.WebOuest学习管理系统(LMS)设计与实现[D].济南:山东师范大学教育技术学,2005
12.张光.分布式远程教学平台的研究与设计[J],中国远程教育<总194>,2003(2)
13.郜秋娟,马力.基于Lotus Notes的高校办公自动化系统设计与实现[J],现代电子技术,2003(1)
14.曹梅.网络学习监控初探[J].中国远程教育,2002(7)
15.杨小平,谢红,聂慧静.Lotus Domino/Notes项目案例导航[M],北京:科学出版社,2002,177-190
16.查尔斯·斐,Domino Developer's Reference开发人员手册[M],北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001
17.李志刚,靳毓国.利用Lotus Domino/Notes开发院校资源信息系统[DB/OL],信息工程大学学报,2002
18.丁蓉,胡兴宇.Lotus Domino/Notes在西北空管OA子系统中的应用[DB/OL], 中国民航学院学报,2003
19.魏德生,杨雪.网络学习行为自动系统设计与实现[J].教育信息化,2006(1)
20.徐琦.虚拟学习社区中的社会存在感研究[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学教育技术学,2006
21.王陆.虚拟学习社区原理与应用[M].高等教育出版社,2004
22.黄荣怀.计算机支持的协作学习—理论与方法[M].人民教育出版社,2003
23.王春蕾.协作学习策略初探[J].中国电化教育,2002(8)
24.曹原.协作式研究性学习模式初探[EB/OL].http://czdj.czedu.com.cn/yjzx/llya/jxmsnr/jxms7.htm
25.赵建华,李克东.协作学习及协作学习模式[EB/OL].http://qhms.cqqh.net/showart.asp?id=90
26.陈珊,陈妙姬.网络环境下协作探究式学习模式的研究[J].电化教育研究,2003(12)
27.张建伟.网络协作探究学习的设计[J].中国电化教育,2003(9)
28.宋浩等.构建开放教育学习型社会的技术支撑平台[J].中国远程教育,2004(3)
29.魏国生.基于网络的合作学习的教学设计及案例研究[J].电化教育研究,2004(136)
30.林秀曼,吴芸,陈毓超.协同学对虚拟学习社区建设的启迪[J].现代远距离教育,2004(1)
31.赵鸣.中小学教师教育技术能力培训管理系统的设计与开发[D].武汉:华中师范大学信息技术系,2006
32.章惠.网络环境下学习管理系统的设计与分析[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学教育技术学,2005
33.熊仕勇,周敏.基于Lotus Notes办公自动化网的安全讨论[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003(14)
34.杜荣华.第三代OA以知识管理为核心的新一代办公自动化[EB/OL].Supe:Human.Software
35.马跃,王金霞,刘晓冰.基于Lotus Notes科研院所办公自动化系统[J].大连理工大学学报,2002,42(5)
36.顾健,邓伟.基于Lotus Domino/Notes的外贸集团办公自动化系统设计[J].计算机与现代化,2002(11)
37.杨时荣,熊前兴.基于Lotus Notes的工作流技术在OA系统中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(2)
38.陆剑江,钱培德.基于Notes的OA系统的通用设计方案研究[J],计算机工程与应用,2003(16)
39.冯峰,王小刚.OAS中的工作流设计方法[J],计算机工程与应用,2000(3)
40.张鑫旺.我国OA系统的发展及现状[J],河南职业技术师范学院学报,2004,(32)
41.Liujianxun.An Inter-enterprise Workflow Model for Supply Chain and B2B E-commerce[DB/OL],High Technology Letters.2002(2)
42.Faggetta,Alfonso.Thinking the modes of Software Engineering research[DB/OL],Joural of systems and software.1999(2)
43.Lianghao.Research of Web-based Workflow Management System[DB/OL],High Technology Letters.2001(1)
44.Wangwenjun,Zhongcunhao.The Distributed Workflow Management System-Flow Agent[DB/OL],Journal of Computer Science and Technology 2000(4)
45.Grady Booch.Object.Solutions Managing the Object-Oriented Project[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
46.Kowch,E.G & Schwier,R.A(1997).Characteristics of technology-based virtual learning communities[EB/OL].http://www.usask.ca/educationalcoursework/802paper/communities/co mmnitx.pdf
47.美国伯克利大学教育技术中心.Review of Tools for Web-Based Instruction[EB/OL].http://www.clas.berkeley.edu:7521/wbi-tools/reviews/index.html.
2.王坦译.协作掌握学习的策略(TR.嘎斯基著)[M].山东:山东教育科研,1993
3.Slavin,R.E.Cooperative Learning[DB/OL],Theory,Research,and Practice 2thEd.USA:Massachusetts:Allyn and Bacon.1995.
4.Rikki Ashley.Cooperative Learning[EB/OL].http://members.home.net/riketa/index.htm.
5.黄荣怀.协作学习的系统观[J].现代教育技术.2000(1)
6.曾琪.合作学习的国内研究现状及问题分析[EB/OL].http://www.foredu.com.cn/kgsy/cywj/xzz1619.htm.
7.武坤.R7中文Lotus Domino/Notes应用开发指南[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2008,193
8.Matt Riggsby,Cat Malog.Lotus Notes与Domino 6从入门到精通[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003,22
9.赵建华,李克东.Web环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势[J],电化教育研究,2004(2)
10.彭智琨.虚拟学习社区:构筑信息技术教师成长的平台[D].南京:南京师范大学教育技术学,2005
11.刘新阳.WebOuest学习管理系统(LMS)设计与实现[D].济南:山东师范大学教育技术学,2005
12.张光.分布式远程教学平台的研究与设计[J],中国远程教育<总194>,2003(2)
13.郜秋娟,马力.基于Lotus Notes的高校办公自动化系统设计与实现[J],现代电子技术,2003(1)
14.曹梅.网络学习监控初探[J].中国远程教育,2002(7)
15.杨小平,谢红,聂慧静.Lotus Domino/Notes项目案例导航[M],北京:科学出版社,2002,177-190
16.查尔斯·斐,Domino Developer's Reference开发人员手册[M],北京:北京希望电子出版社,2001
17.李志刚,靳毓国.利用Lotus Domino/Notes开发院校资源信息系统[DB/OL],信息工程大学学报,2002
18.丁蓉,胡兴宇.Lotus Domino/Notes在西北空管OA子系统中的应用[DB/OL], 中国民航学院学报,2003
19.魏德生,杨雪.网络学习行为自动系统设计与实现[J].教育信息化,2006(1)
20.徐琦.虚拟学习社区中的社会存在感研究[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学教育技术学,2006
21.王陆.虚拟学习社区原理与应用[M].高等教育出版社,2004
22.黄荣怀.计算机支持的协作学习—理论与方法[M].人民教育出版社,2003
23.王春蕾.协作学习策略初探[J].中国电化教育,2002(8)
24.曹原.协作式研究性学习模式初探[EB/OL].http://czdj.czedu.com.cn/yjzx/llya/jxmsnr/jxms7.htm
25.赵建华,李克东.协作学习及协作学习模式[EB/OL].http://qhms.cqqh.net/showart.asp?id=90
26.陈珊,陈妙姬.网络环境下协作探究式学习模式的研究[J].电化教育研究,2003(12)
27.张建伟.网络协作探究学习的设计[J].中国电化教育,2003(9)
28.宋浩等.构建开放教育学习型社会的技术支撑平台[J].中国远程教育,2004(3)
29.魏国生.基于网络的合作学习的教学设计及案例研究[J].电化教育研究,2004(136)
30.林秀曼,吴芸,陈毓超.协同学对虚拟学习社区建设的启迪[J].现代远距离教育,2004(1)
31.赵鸣.中小学教师教育技术能力培训管理系统的设计与开发[D].武汉:华中师范大学信息技术系,2006
32.章惠.网络环境下学习管理系统的设计与分析[D].曲阜:曲阜师范大学教育技术学,2005
33.熊仕勇,周敏.基于Lotus Notes办公自动化网的安全讨论[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003(14)
34.杜荣华.第三代OA以知识管理为核心的新一代办公自动化[EB/OL].Supe:Human.Software
35.马跃,王金霞,刘晓冰.基于Lotus Notes科研院所办公自动化系统[J].大连理工大学学报,2002,42(5)
36.顾健,邓伟.基于Lotus Domino/Notes的外贸集团办公自动化系统设计[J].计算机与现代化,2002(11)
37.杨时荣,熊前兴.基于Lotus Notes的工作流技术在OA系统中的应用[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003,25(2)
38.陆剑江,钱培德.基于Notes的OA系统的通用设计方案研究[J],计算机工程与应用,2003(16)
39.冯峰,王小刚.OAS中的工作流设计方法[J],计算机工程与应用,2000(3)
40.张鑫旺.我国OA系统的发展及现状[J],河南职业技术师范学院学报,2004,(32)
41.Liujianxun.An Inter-enterprise Workflow Model for Supply Chain and B2B E-commerce[DB/OL],High Technology Letters.2002(2)
42.Faggetta,Alfonso.Thinking the modes of Software Engineering research[DB/OL],Joural of systems and software.1999(2)
43.Lianghao.Research of Web-based Workflow Management System[DB/OL],High Technology Letters.2001(1)
44.Wangwenjun,Zhongcunhao.The Distributed Workflow Management System-Flow Agent[DB/OL],Journal of Computer Science and Technology 2000(4)
45.Grady Booch.Object.Solutions Managing the Object-Oriented Project[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
46.Kowch,E.G & Schwier,R.A(1997).Characteristics of technology-based virtual learning communities[EB/OL].http://www.usask.ca/educationalcoursework/802paper/communities/co mmnitx.pdf
47.美国伯克利大学教育技术中心.Review of Tools for Web-Based Instruction[EB/OL].http://www.clas.berkeley.edu:7521/wbi-tools/reviews/index.html.