微动力一体化折流板反应器处理高浓度生活污水的试验研究
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摘要
目前,研究和开发占地面积小、运行维护费用低、能耗低、处理效果好的自然处理系统是国内外所着重考虑的课题之一。厨房废水,厕所废水的混合废水,厕所、食堂的化粪池出水等,各种污染物浓度明显较高,属于高浓度生活污水,需要经过处理后达标排放。针对这一现状,鉴于单户水处理系统和自然处理系统的理念及绿色节能的原则,本试验中,设计微动力一体化折流板反应器对高浓度生活污水进行处理,并作相应试验研究。反应器中,A/O/A/O工艺沿水流方向串联运行。
通过试验,分析、验证和评价了反应器和填料对高浓度生活污水的净化能力,并给出该反应器的最佳设计参数和运行过程中的最佳控制条件。主要的试验研究成果如下：
1、探讨了厌氧活性污泥—好氧生物膜共生情况下反应器的常温启动方法。固定进水水质,以较长的HRT进行培养。厌氧活性污泥、好氧生物膜两者的培养、驯化保持一致和同步,以厌氧活性污泥的驯化为时间限制条件。55d左右,反应器启动成功,各个格室的出水水质稳定,第一微曝气格室的指示生物以钟虫、轮虫及衣壳虫为主。
2、试验数据表明,反应器在最佳运行工况(工况三)下,Nv=0.26kgCOD/m3·d, C OD去除率为94.76%,NH4+-N去除率为59.82%,TN去除率为34.52%。其中,第一厌氧格1的Nv=1.576kgCOD/m3·d, Ns=0.07649kgCOD/kgMLSS·d, COD去除率为88.22%；第一厌氧格2的Nv=0.003472kgCOD/m3-d, Ns=0.0001695kgCOD/kgMLSS-d, CO D去除率为88.42%；第一微曝气格室的Nv=0.03718gCOD/m3·d, COD去除率为91.38%。第一微曝气格室的硝化容积负荷=0.1651 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d), NH4+-N的本格去除率为61.81%；深度处理格室的硝化容积负荷=0.04471 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d), NH4+-N的本格去除率为51.44%。
3、由HRT=23.1h变化到HRT=36.96h,反应器对氨氮去除率的恢复规律试验中,反应器连续运行7d各格出水氨氮浓度在一个很小范围内浮动,较难恢复。之后加大第一微曝气格的曝气量,连续运行4d,各格出水氨氮浓度逐渐减小,最终恢复到HRT=36.96h时稳定运行情况下的氨氮去除水平。
4、正交试验数据分析表明,影响反应器处理效果的主要因素是进水流量和曝气量,但是曝气间歇时间对TN的去除率有较大影响。
5、通过生物相分析,厌氧、缺氧相微生物主要为与厌氧消化(甲烷发酵)有关的细菌种群、反硝化细菌；好氧相微生物主要为亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌；指示生物主要为钟虫、轮虫及衣壳虫。
At present, the research and development of natural processing system which covers a small area, operates more efficiently with low expenses and low energy consumption, is one of the topics which are being taken seriously into consideration abroad and internally. The mixed wastewater consisting of sanitary waste from kitchen and closet, septic tank outlet from closet and canteen, and so on, in which varieties of pollutants are in high concentration, belong to high concentration domestic sewage and must be processed to meet relative standards and regulations to discharge. Acorrding to this case, in view of concept of single-family water treatment system and natural processing system and principle of green energy-saving, I designe a micro-power integrate baffle plate reactor applying to the high concentration domestic sewage processing, and do a series of experimental research. In the reactor, anaerobic processing (A), oxygenic processing (O), anaerobic processing (A) and oxygenic processing (O) are utilized to process raw domestic sewage along the flow direction.
In the experiment of high concentration sewage processing, I do analysis, validation and evaluation of the purification ability of the reactor and its packing, and obtain the reactor's optimum design parameters and controllable conditions in its operation.The main results are as follows:
1. Inoculation experiment invetigates the startup of reactor of anaerobic activated sludge-aerobic biological membrane under normal temperature conditions, with fixed raw water quality and long HRT. Inoculation of anaerobic activated sludge and aerobic biofilm keep uniform and synchronous, and time used in this process is determined by anaerobic activated sludge inoculation. After about 55 days, startup of reactor succeedes, quality of each treatment chamber outlet is stable and satisfactory. In Aerobic Chamber One, the main biological indicators are vorticella, rotifer and arcella. Additionally, inoculum of microorganisms comes from a sewage treatment plant in xi'an.
2. The data shows that in optimum operating conditions (the third condition), Nv is 0.26 kgCOD/m3·d, the removal rate of COD, NH4+-N and TN respectively comes up to 94.76%, 59.82%and 34.52%. And, in the first anaerobic chamber of Anaerobic Chamber One, Nv is 1.576kgCOD/m3·d, Ns is 0.07649kgCOD/kgMLSS·d,the removal rate of COD comes up to 88.22%. In the second anaerobic chamber of Anaerobic Chamber One, Nv is 0.003472kgCOD/m3·d, Ns is 0.0001695kgCOD/kgMLSS·d, the removal rate of COD comes up to 88.42%. In Aerobic Chamber One, Nv is 0.03718kgCOD/m3·d, the nitrification load is 0.1651kgNH4+-N/m3·d, and the removal rate of COD and NH4+-N respectively comes up to 91.38% and 61.81%. In Deep Processing Chamber, the nitrification load is 0.0447kgNH4+-N/ m3·d, the removal rate of NH4+-N comes up to 51.44% itself.
3. In the recovery experiment of removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), HRT changes from 23.1 hours to 36.96 hours, and the reactor operates continuously for 7 days. Howerer, NH4+-N concentration of reactor outlet is higher, floating in a small range which indicates that it is difficult to recover. Then the dissolved oxygen of Aerobic Chamber One is increased and, after 4 days, the NH4+-N removal efficiency is gradually enhanced, and then comes stable. Finally, it recovers to the level of case in which HRT is 36.96 hours.
4. Orthogonal test data shows that the most important factors affecting removal efficiency are water flow rate and oxygen while aeration intermittent time is a greater factor which affects TN removal rate.
5. According to biological phase analysis, anaerobic, hypoxia phase microorganisms mainly include bacteria relative to the anaerobic digestion (methane fermentation) and denitrifying bacteria. Aerobic phase microorganisms mainly include nitrite bacteria and nitrobacteria. The main biological indicators are vorticella, rotifer and arcella.
通过试验,分析、验证和评价了反应器和填料对高浓度生活污水的净化能力,并给出该反应器的最佳设计参数和运行过程中的最佳控制条件。主要的试验研究成果如下：
1、探讨了厌氧活性污泥—好氧生物膜共生情况下反应器的常温启动方法。固定进水水质,以较长的HRT进行培养。厌氧活性污泥、好氧生物膜两者的培养、驯化保持一致和同步,以厌氧活性污泥的驯化为时间限制条件。55d左右,反应器启动成功,各个格室的出水水质稳定,第一微曝气格室的指示生物以钟虫、轮虫及衣壳虫为主。
2、试验数据表明,反应器在最佳运行工况(工况三)下,Nv=0.26kgCOD/m3·d, C OD去除率为94.76%,NH4+-N去除率为59.82%,TN去除率为34.52%。其中,第一厌氧格1的Nv=1.576kgCOD/m3·d, Ns=0.07649kgCOD/kgMLSS·d, COD去除率为88.22%；第一厌氧格2的Nv=0.003472kgCOD/m3-d, Ns=0.0001695kgCOD/kgMLSS-d, CO D去除率为88.42%；第一微曝气格室的Nv=0.03718gCOD/m3·d, COD去除率为91.38%。第一微曝气格室的硝化容积负荷=0.1651 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d), NH4+-N的本格去除率为61.81%；深度处理格室的硝化容积负荷=0.04471 kgNH4+-N/(m3·d), NH4+-N的本格去除率为51.44%。
3、由HRT=23.1h变化到HRT=36.96h,反应器对氨氮去除率的恢复规律试验中,反应器连续运行7d各格出水氨氮浓度在一个很小范围内浮动,较难恢复。之后加大第一微曝气格的曝气量,连续运行4d,各格出水氨氮浓度逐渐减小,最终恢复到HRT=36.96h时稳定运行情况下的氨氮去除水平。
4、正交试验数据分析表明,影响反应器处理效果的主要因素是进水流量和曝气量,但是曝气间歇时间对TN的去除率有较大影响。
5、通过生物相分析,厌氧、缺氧相微生物主要为与厌氧消化(甲烷发酵)有关的细菌种群、反硝化细菌；好氧相微生物主要为亚硝化细菌和硝化细菌；指示生物主要为钟虫、轮虫及衣壳虫。
At present, the research and development of natural processing system which covers a small area, operates more efficiently with low expenses and low energy consumption, is one of the topics which are being taken seriously into consideration abroad and internally. The mixed wastewater consisting of sanitary waste from kitchen and closet, septic tank outlet from closet and canteen, and so on, in which varieties of pollutants are in high concentration, belong to high concentration domestic sewage and must be processed to meet relative standards and regulations to discharge. Acorrding to this case, in view of concept of single-family water treatment system and natural processing system and principle of green energy-saving, I designe a micro-power integrate baffle plate reactor applying to the high concentration domestic sewage processing, and do a series of experimental research. In the reactor, anaerobic processing (A), oxygenic processing (O), anaerobic processing (A) and oxygenic processing (O) are utilized to process raw domestic sewage along the flow direction.
In the experiment of high concentration sewage processing, I do analysis, validation and evaluation of the purification ability of the reactor and its packing, and obtain the reactor's optimum design parameters and controllable conditions in its operation.The main results are as follows:
1. Inoculation experiment invetigates the startup of reactor of anaerobic activated sludge-aerobic biological membrane under normal temperature conditions, with fixed raw water quality and long HRT. Inoculation of anaerobic activated sludge and aerobic biofilm keep uniform and synchronous, and time used in this process is determined by anaerobic activated sludge inoculation. After about 55 days, startup of reactor succeedes, quality of each treatment chamber outlet is stable and satisfactory. In Aerobic Chamber One, the main biological indicators are vorticella, rotifer and arcella. Additionally, inoculum of microorganisms comes from a sewage treatment plant in xi'an.
2. The data shows that in optimum operating conditions (the third condition), Nv is 0.26 kgCOD/m3·d, the removal rate of COD, NH4+-N and TN respectively comes up to 94.76%, 59.82%and 34.52%. And, in the first anaerobic chamber of Anaerobic Chamber One, Nv is 1.576kgCOD/m3·d, Ns is 0.07649kgCOD/kgMLSS·d,the removal rate of COD comes up to 88.22%. In the second anaerobic chamber of Anaerobic Chamber One, Nv is 0.003472kgCOD/m3·d, Ns is 0.0001695kgCOD/kgMLSS·d, the removal rate of COD comes up to 88.42%. In Aerobic Chamber One, Nv is 0.03718kgCOD/m3·d, the nitrification load is 0.1651kgNH4+-N/m3·d, and the removal rate of COD and NH4+-N respectively comes up to 91.38% and 61.81%. In Deep Processing Chamber, the nitrification load is 0.0447kgNH4+-N/ m3·d, the removal rate of NH4+-N comes up to 51.44% itself.
3. In the recovery experiment of removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), HRT changes from 23.1 hours to 36.96 hours, and the reactor operates continuously for 7 days. Howerer, NH4+-N concentration of reactor outlet is higher, floating in a small range which indicates that it is difficult to recover. Then the dissolved oxygen of Aerobic Chamber One is increased and, after 4 days, the NH4+-N removal efficiency is gradually enhanced, and then comes stable. Finally, it recovers to the level of case in which HRT is 36.96 hours.
4. Orthogonal test data shows that the most important factors affecting removal efficiency are water flow rate and oxygen while aeration intermittent time is a greater factor which affects TN removal rate.
5. According to biological phase analysis, anaerobic, hypoxia phase microorganisms mainly include bacteria relative to the anaerobic digestion (methane fermentation) and denitrifying bacteria. Aerobic phase microorganisms mainly include nitrite bacteria and nitrobacteria. The main biological indicators are vorticella, rotifer and arcella.
引文
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