基于OGSA与HLA的仿真网格环境构建技术研究
摘要
基于HLA的分布式仿真系统强调仿真应用的互操作性和可重用性，但是它所关心的仅仅是仿真应用层中成员对象之间的交互，没有涉及仿真资源层的管理，例如：资源动态分配、资源重用等。网格技术是近年来兴起的一种重要的网络信息技术，它可解决动态多机构虚拟组织中各种资源(如计算资源、存储资源、数据资源、模型资源等)的全面共享与协同应用等问题。为此，基于网格与HLA的仿真网格技术应运而生。
首先，分析了高层体系结构(High Level Architecture，HLA)在资源动态分配与重用方面的不足，针对这些不足，结合网格技术和Web服务技术，提出并设计了基于OGSA与HLA的仿真网格体系结构(OHSGA)。该体系结构根据OGSA中以“服务”为中心的思想，将仿真资源从原有的仿真应用中提取出来，并封装成为标准的网格服务，促进了仿真资源的动态分配能力和重用能力。
其次，重点分析和研究了OHSGA中的仿真服务管理器。在给出了仿真服务管理器总体结构的基础上，详细论述了该管理器中服务提供层、服务信息层和服务索引层的具体实现方法。该仿真服务管理器可实现服务的注册、注销与动态选择，并能监测服务提供节点的状态。在此基础上研究并提出了仿真服务管理器中仿真服务综合评价动态选择算法，并给出了相应的实验与算法分析。
最后，设计并实现了一个基于OHSGA的分布式仿真验证系统——虚拟汽车驾驶仿真系统。详细介绍了该仿真系统的仿真想定、运行环境、总体结构、系统服务器端和系统客户端的设计与实现。
The distributed simulation system, based on HLA, emphasizes the interoperabilityand reusability of the simulation applications. But this type of system only cares aboutthe interacting among the objects which are the members of simulation application,without considering the management of simulation resources, such as lack of dynamicdistribution and reusing of resources. The grid technology becomes an important networkinformation technology, which can settle the problems of fully sharing and interactiveapplying among different kinds of resources (computing resources, storage resources,data resources and information resources etc.) in dynamic multi-institution virtualorganizations. Then the simulation grid technology based on grid and HLA is coming.
Firstly, the deficiencies of HLA on resources dynamic distribution and reusing areanalyzed. In order to solve these deficiencies, a new simulation grid architecture (namedOHSGA) based on OGSA and HLA is promoted and designed using the grid technologyand Web services technology. The service-oriented OHSGA extracts the simulationresources separately from the formal simulation applications. It can promote the dynamicdistribution ability and reusability of the simulation resources by encapsulating them intostandard grid services.
Secondly, the simulation service management module of OHSGA is analyzed andresearched in the paper. Based on giving the overall structure of the simulation servicemanagement module, the specific implementation of providing layer, information layerand index layer in the simulation service management module is discoursed in detail.Service registration and logging off, node dynamic choosing and status detecting can berealized in the module. After that, a novel algorithm is proposed, which can choosecorresponding service dynamically according comprehensive evaluation information onnodes. Related experiments and analysis on the algorithm are illustrated.
At last, in order to verify the proposed architecture (OHSGA) and simulationservice management module which are illustrated in the former two chapters, a virtualvehicle driving simulation system is constructed. The implementations of the system,which include simulation supposition, system running environment, overall structure,system server and system client port are introduced.
首先，分析了高层体系结构(High Level Architecture，HLA)在资源动态分配与重用方面的不足，针对这些不足，结合网格技术和Web服务技术，提出并设计了基于OGSA与HLA的仿真网格体系结构(OHSGA)。该体系结构根据OGSA中以“服务”为中心的思想，将仿真资源从原有的仿真应用中提取出来，并封装成为标准的网格服务，促进了仿真资源的动态分配能力和重用能力。
其次，重点分析和研究了OHSGA中的仿真服务管理器。在给出了仿真服务管理器总体结构的基础上，详细论述了该管理器中服务提供层、服务信息层和服务索引层的具体实现方法。该仿真服务管理器可实现服务的注册、注销与动态选择，并能监测服务提供节点的状态。在此基础上研究并提出了仿真服务管理器中仿真服务综合评价动态选择算法，并给出了相应的实验与算法分析。
最后，设计并实现了一个基于OHSGA的分布式仿真验证系统——虚拟汽车驾驶仿真系统。详细介绍了该仿真系统的仿真想定、运行环境、总体结构、系统服务器端和系统客户端的设计与实现。
The distributed simulation system, based on HLA, emphasizes the interoperabilityand reusability of the simulation applications. But this type of system only cares aboutthe interacting among the objects which are the members of simulation application,without considering the management of simulation resources, such as lack of dynamicdistribution and reusing of resources. The grid technology becomes an important networkinformation technology, which can settle the problems of fully sharing and interactiveapplying among different kinds of resources (computing resources, storage resources,data resources and information resources etc.) in dynamic multi-institution virtualorganizations. Then the simulation grid technology based on grid and HLA is coming.
Firstly, the deficiencies of HLA on resources dynamic distribution and reusing areanalyzed. In order to solve these deficiencies, a new simulation grid architecture (namedOHSGA) based on OGSA and HLA is promoted and designed using the grid technologyand Web services technology. The service-oriented OHSGA extracts the simulationresources separately from the formal simulation applications. It can promote the dynamicdistribution ability and reusability of the simulation resources by encapsulating them intostandard grid services.
Secondly, the simulation service management module of OHSGA is analyzed andresearched in the paper. Based on giving the overall structure of the simulation servicemanagement module, the specific implementation of providing layer, information layerand index layer in the simulation service management module is discoursed in detail.Service registration and logging off, node dynamic choosing and status detecting can berealized in the module. After that, a novel algorithm is proposed, which can choosecorresponding service dynamically according comprehensive evaluation information onnodes. Related experiments and analysis on the algorithm are illustrated.
At last, in order to verify the proposed architecture (OHSGA) and simulationservice management module which are illustrated in the former two chapters, a virtualvehicle driving simulation system is constructed. The implementations of the system,which include simulation supposition, system running environment, overall structure,system server and system client port are introduced.
引文
[1] 李伯虎，柴旭东，朱文海等．现代建模与仿真技术发展中的几个焦点[J]．系统仿真学报．2004，16(9)：1871-1877．
[2] 李伯虎，柴旭东，杨明等．现代建模与仿真技术的新发展[A]．“中国科学技术前沿”(中国工程院版，第六卷)[C]．北京：高等教育出版社，2003．
[3] HLA-RTI [EB/OL]. https://www.dmso.mil/public/transition/hla/rti.2004.
[4] HLA specification [EB/OL]. http://www.sisostds.org/stdsdev/hla.2004.
[5] I. Foster, D. Berry, A. Djaout, A. Grimshaw, B. Horn. The Open Grid Services Architecture Version 1.0.pdf [EB/OL]. http://www.gridforum.org/projects/ogsa-wg.2004.
[6] IBM Web Service. Web Service Architecture Oerview: The Next Stage [EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.corrddeveloper-works/web/library/w-ovr.2006.
[7] WebServices Architecture [EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-ws-a-rch20030808/WebServicesArchitecture.htm.2006-08-08.
[8] 徐志伟，冯百明，李伟等．网格计算技术[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004-5．
[9] Sharon Brunett. Application Experiences with the Globus Toolkit [EB/OL]. hap://www.globus.org.2007.
[10] Katarzyna Zajac. Grid Service for HLA-Based Distributed Simbulation Framework [EB/OL]. http://www.eu-crossgrid.org. 2007.
[11] 张传富，刘云生，张童等．分布式仿真网格平台的关键技术研究[J]．系统仿真学报．2005，17(10)：2552-2559．
[12] 李伯虎，柴旭东，朱文海等．SBA支撑环境的研究[J]．系统仿真学报．2004，16(2)：181-185．
[13] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The anatomy of the grid enabling scalable virtual organizations [J]. International Journal of Super Computer Applications. 2001, 15(3):1-10.
[14] Tianyi Zang, Wei Jie, Hung Terence, Zhou Lei. The design and implementation of an OGSA-based grid information service[C]. IEEE International Conference on Web Services. 2004: 6-73.
[15] 周彦，戴剑伟．HLA仿真程序设计[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[16] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏等．以服务为中心的网格体系结构OGSA[J]．计算机研究与发展．2003，12：166-168．
[17] http://hpclab.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/～duzh/project/ogsa/ogsaintro.pdf[EB/OL].2002.
[18] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure [M], San Francisco, USA: Morgan Kaufrnann Publishers. 1999.
[19] I. Foster, Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago, What is the Grid? -A Three point Checklist[EB/OL]. 2002-06-20.
[20] 陈振波．基于GLOBUS的网格资源管理研究[D]．广东：广东工业大学，2006．
[21] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏．网格计算[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[22] Scott Seely．SOAP：XML跨平台Web Service开发技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[23] 蔡月茹，柳西玲．Web Service基础教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[24] 冯百明．Web Services技术介绍[EB/OL]. http://www.grid.org.cn/gct.2007.
[25] W3C XML Schema Activity[EB/OL]. http://www.w3org/XML/Schema.2001
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[27] W3 C WSDL Activity[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/WSDL.2002.
[28] http://www.uddi.org[EB/OL].2006.
[29] I. Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Grid 2 Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure，网格计算(第二版)[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004-10．
[30] OGSA结构描述[EB/OL].http://www.gridforum.org/ogsi-wg/drafts/ogsa_draft2.9 _2002-06-22.pdf.2002.
[31] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration [EB/OL]. www.globus.org/research/papers/ogsa.pdf.2002.
[32] S. Graham, S. Simeonov, D. Davis. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) [EB/OL]. http://www.ggf.org/ogsi-wg.2003-02-17.
[33] Karl Czajkowskj, Donald Fergusoy. The WS-Resource Framework [EB/OL]. http://www.Globus.org/wsrf/specs/ws-wsrf.pdf.2004-03.
[34] 桂小林．网格技术导论[M]．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005．
[35] Karl Czajkowski, Don Ferguson, Ian Foster. From Open Grid Services Infrastructure to WS-Resource Framework: Refactoring & Evolution version 1.1[EB/OL]. 2005-05-03.
[36] Borja Sotomayor. The Globus Toolkit 4 Programmer's Tutorial.pdf [EB/OL]. http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/～borja/. 2005.
[37] Thomas Sandholm. OGSI, WSRF and Globus Toolkit 4[EB/OL]. http://www.nsc.liu.se/ngssc-Grid/gosi-wsrf-sandholm.pdf.2005-10.
[38] Jennifer M. Schopf. Distributed Monitoring and Information Services for the Grid [EB/OL]. 2005-04-27.
[39] Brunett S, David D, Gottschalk T, et al. Implementing Distributed Synthetic Forces Simulations in Metacomputing Enviroments[C]. Seventh Heterogeneous Computing workshop, Orlando, Floride, USA 1998.
[40] 王江云，彭晓源，王行仁．基于网格技术的先进分布仿真协同环境[J]．计算机工程．2004，30(8)：98-102．
[41] 凌云翔，廖虎雄，史湘宁，邱涤珊，高明．仿真网格原型系统SimGrid-HLA的设计与实现[J]．系统仿真学报．2005．
[42] 卿杜政，熊新平，李伯虎，都志辉．仿真网格的初步实践．现代防御技术[J]．2005．
[43] 张传富，刘云生，张童，查亚兵，黄柯棣．仿真网格原型系统的设计与实现[J]．国防科技大学学报．2005．
[44] SOA and Web Services新手入门[EB／OL].http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html.
[45] 李大成．UDDI技术及应用概述[J]．计算机工程．2002，12：1-5．
[46] 李清华．监控和发现服务MDS研究报告[J]．计算机应用技术，2005(12)：173-174．
[47] MDS4: The GT4 Monitoring and Discovery System [EB/OL]. http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info, 2007-03-20.
[48] RedHat Guide: The/proc File System[EB/OL]. http://www.redhat.com/docs/manual/Linux RHL-7.3-Manual/ref-guide/ch-proc.htm.
[49] Ahmed. Neural.Net based direct adaptive control for a class of nonlinear plants plants [J]. IEEE Trans on Neural Networks, 2000, 45(1): 119-124.
[50] Simon Robinson．高级．NET程序设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[51] Peter Thorsteinson，Robert J．Oberg．．NET构架技术与Visual C++编程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[52] 侯捷．深入浅出MFC[M]．台湾：华中理工大学出版社，1999．
[53] 苏国辉，秦文虎，赵正旭．基于虚拟现实的汽车驾驶仿真系统．轻型汽车技术[J]．2006(1)：9-14．
[54] Richard S．Wright，S．Jr．Benjamin Lipchak．OpenGL超级宝典(第三版)[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2005．
[55] 尹念东．汽车驾驶模拟器视景的三维动画实现[J]．信息技术．2004(9)：17-22．
[2] 李伯虎，柴旭东，杨明等．现代建模与仿真技术的新发展[A]．“中国科学技术前沿”(中国工程院版，第六卷)[C]．北京：高等教育出版社，2003．
[3] HLA-RTI [EB/OL]. https://www.dmso.mil/public/transition/hla/rti.2004.
[4] HLA specification [EB/OL]. http://www.sisostds.org/stdsdev/hla.2004.
[5] I. Foster, D. Berry, A. Djaout, A. Grimshaw, B. Horn. The Open Grid Services Architecture Version 1.0.pdf [EB/OL]. http://www.gridforum.org/projects/ogsa-wg.2004.
[6] IBM Web Service. Web Service Architecture Oerview: The Next Stage [EB/OL]. http://www-106.ibm.corrddeveloper-works/web/library/w-ovr.2006.
[7] WebServices Architecture [EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-ws-a-rch20030808/WebServicesArchitecture.htm.2006-08-08.
[8] 徐志伟，冯百明，李伟等．网格计算技术[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004-5．
[9] Sharon Brunett. Application Experiences with the Globus Toolkit [EB/OL]. hap://www.globus.org.2007.
[10] Katarzyna Zajac. Grid Service for HLA-Based Distributed Simbulation Framework [EB/OL]. http://www.eu-crossgrid.org. 2007.
[11] 张传富，刘云生，张童等．分布式仿真网格平台的关键技术研究[J]．系统仿真学报．2005，17(10)：2552-2559．
[12] 李伯虎，柴旭东，朱文海等．SBA支撑环境的研究[J]．系统仿真学报．2004，16(2)：181-185．
[13] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The anatomy of the grid enabling scalable virtual organizations [J]. International Journal of Super Computer Applications. 2001, 15(3):1-10.
[14] Tianyi Zang, Wei Jie, Hung Terence, Zhou Lei. The design and implementation of an OGSA-based grid information service[C]. IEEE International Conference on Web Services. 2004: 6-73.
[15] 周彦，戴剑伟．HLA仿真程序设计[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[16] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏等．以服务为中心的网格体系结构OGSA[J]．计算机研究与发展．2003，12：166-168．
[17] http://hpclab.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/～duzh/project/ogsa/ogsaintro.pdf[EB/OL].2002.
[18] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure [M], San Francisco, USA: Morgan Kaufrnann Publishers. 1999.
[19] I. Foster, Argonne National Laboratory & University of Chicago, What is the Grid? -A Three point Checklist[EB/OL]. 2002-06-20.
[20] 陈振波．基于GLOBUS的网格资源管理研究[D]．广东：广东工业大学，2006．
[21] 都志辉，陈渝，刘鹏．网格计算[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．
[22] Scott Seely．SOAP：XML跨平台Web Service开发技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，2002．
[23] 蔡月茹，柳西玲．Web Service基础教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[24] 冯百明．Web Services技术介绍[EB/OL]. http://www.grid.org.cn/gct.2007.
[25] W3C XML Schema Activity[EB/OL]. http://www.w3org/XML/Schema.2001
[26] W3C SOAP Activity[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP.2002.
[27] W3 C WSDL Activity[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/WSDL.2002.
[28] http://www.uddi.org[EB/OL].2006.
[29] I. Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Grid 2 Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure，网格计算(第二版)[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2004-10．
[30] OGSA结构描述[EB/OL].http://www.gridforum.org/ogsi-wg/drafts/ogsa_draft2.9 _2002-06-22.pdf.2002.
[31] I. Foster, C. Kesselman. The Physiology of the Grid: An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Integration [EB/OL]. www.globus.org/research/papers/ogsa.pdf.2002.
[32] S. Graham, S. Simeonov, D. Davis. Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) [EB/OL]. http://www.ggf.org/ogsi-wg.2003-02-17.
[33] Karl Czajkowskj, Donald Fergusoy. The WS-Resource Framework [EB/OL]. http://www.Globus.org/wsrf/specs/ws-wsrf.pdf.2004-03.
[34] 桂小林．网格技术导论[M]．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2005．
[35] Karl Czajkowski, Don Ferguson, Ian Foster. From Open Grid Services Infrastructure to WS-Resource Framework: Refactoring & Evolution version 1.1[EB/OL]. 2005-05-03.
[36] Borja Sotomayor. The Globus Toolkit 4 Programmer's Tutorial.pdf [EB/OL]. http://people.cs.uchicago.edu/～borja/. 2005.
[37] Thomas Sandholm. OGSI, WSRF and Globus Toolkit 4[EB/OL]. http://www.nsc.liu.se/ngssc-Grid/gosi-wsrf-sandholm.pdf.2005-10.
[38] Jennifer M. Schopf. Distributed Monitoring and Information Services for the Grid [EB/OL]. 2005-04-27.
[39] Brunett S, David D, Gottschalk T, et al. Implementing Distributed Synthetic Forces Simulations in Metacomputing Enviroments[C]. Seventh Heterogeneous Computing workshop, Orlando, Floride, USA 1998.
[40] 王江云，彭晓源，王行仁．基于网格技术的先进分布仿真协同环境[J]．计算机工程．2004，30(8)：98-102．
[41] 凌云翔，廖虎雄，史湘宁，邱涤珊，高明．仿真网格原型系统SimGrid-HLA的设计与实现[J]．系统仿真学报．2005．
[42] 卿杜政，熊新平，李伯虎，都志辉．仿真网格的初步实践．现代防御技术[J]．2005．
[43] 张传富，刘云生，张童，查亚兵，黄柯棣．仿真网格原型系统的设计与实现[J]．国防科技大学学报．2005．
[44] SOA and Web Services新手入门[EB／OL].http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/newto/websvc.html.
[45] 李大成．UDDI技术及应用概述[J]．计算机工程．2002，12：1-5．
[46] 李清华．监控和发现服务MDS研究报告[J]．计算机应用技术，2005(12)：173-174．
[47] MDS4: The GT4 Monitoring and Discovery System [EB/OL]. http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/4.0/info, 2007-03-20.
[48] RedHat Guide: The/proc File System[EB/OL]. http://www.redhat.com/docs/manual/Linux RHL-7.3-Manual/ref-guide/ch-proc.htm.
[49] Ahmed. Neural.Net based direct adaptive control for a class of nonlinear plants plants [J]. IEEE Trans on Neural Networks, 2000, 45(1): 119-124.
[50] Simon Robinson．高级．NET程序设计[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[51] Peter Thorsteinson，Robert J．Oberg．．NET构架技术与Visual C++编程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．
[52] 侯捷．深入浅出MFC[M]．台湾：华中理工大学出版社，1999．
[53] 苏国辉，秦文虎，赵正旭．基于虚拟现实的汽车驾驶仿真系统．轻型汽车技术[J]．2006(1)：9-14．
[54] Richard S．Wright，S．Jr．Benjamin Lipchak．OpenGL超级宝典(第三版)[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2005．
[55] 尹念东．汽车驾驶模拟器视景的三维动画实现[J]．信息技术．2004(9)：17-22．