超（超）临界机组锅炉燃烧特性试验与优化研究
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摘要
超(超)临界机组由于主/再热蒸汽参数提高,机组热效率比国内现有平均水平明显提高,且具有显著的节能和改善环境的效果。未来火电建设将主要是发展高效率、高参数的超临界(SC)和超超临界(USC)火电机组。由于国内技术引进后对国内煤源问题考虑不充分,由此导致了锅炉恶性结渣和燃烧不稳定等问题。另外,锅炉原设计为燃油点火,技术引进后为了节省用油,将燃烧器改为无油点火和燃油点火共用,需要对超(超)临界机组锅炉进行燃烧优化。论文以此为研究背景进行燃烧特性试验与优化方案的研究,主要内容如下。
通过数值模拟试验对600MW超临界LNASB燃烧器旋流燃烧锅炉进行了预测,通过实际工业试验进行了验证和分析。以解决锅炉恶性结焦为出发点,研究了旋流强度及二次风量对燃烧器热态温度场、空气动力场分布的影响；研究了燃烧器给粉方式、二次风变化对炉膛内部NOx生成的影响,对燃烧器原始结构和各改进方案空气动力场、温度场和NOx生成特性进行了对比和分析。
采用数值模拟试验和实际工业试验相结合的方式,对一台1000MW超超临界机组HT-NR3燃烧器对冲旋流燃烧锅炉燃烧不稳定现象进行了研究,研究了燃烧器一、二次风口形状对燃烧器热态温度场、空气动力场分布的影响,对燃烧器改进结构与原始结构NOx生成特性进行对比。对燃烧器原始结构和三个改进方案进行了对比分析。
600MW超临界旋流燃烧锅炉LNASB燃烧器具有以下特点。外二次风对射流扩展角影响较大,内二次风对回流区影响明显,内二次风风量及旋流强度过大时容易引起火焰气流冲刷水冷壁。内二次风对NOx影响较大,内二次风关闭时炉膛出口NOx下降22%。回流区根部距离随中心风速的增大而增大,燃烧器喷口处温度随中心风的退出上升明显,燃烧器中心给粉方式下火焰离喷口距离可有效地增加。同时,可以有效的降低锅炉NOx的生成。
1000MW超超临界HT-NR3燃烧器旋流燃烧锅炉计算与试验结论如下。二次风扩口轴向长度及角度较大时,燃烧器火焰形状宽而短,NOx生成量较少,煤质较差时燃烧不稳定。二次风筒锥口轴向长度及角度减小后,燃烧器燃烧稳定性有所增强,锅炉NOx生成和排放量增加不明显。二次风扩口轴向长度减少1/2时燃烧稳定性明显增强,NOx排放量无明显增加,为最佳改进方案。
对一台1000MW超超临界机组双切圆锅炉的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟试验预测,同时进行了实际工业试验研究。研究了燃烧器喷口布置、喷口形状及一、二次风速对燃烧器热态空气动力场、温度场分布的影响,对燃烧器原始结构和各改进结构空气动力场及温度场进行了分析。
一、二次风速对炉膛空气动力场结构影响非常大,切圆直径随一次风速增大而变小,随二次风速的增大而增大。在燃烧器喷口形状不变的情况下,火焰刚性随一次风口尺寸的增大而增强。燃烧器喷口形状与布置方式不同时,燃烧器区域NOX生成与分布不同,锅炉各方案情况下NOx排放变化不明显。燃烧器一次风粉喷口通流面积扩大1倍,给粉量增加20%的情况下燃烧器区域温度明显升高,NOX生成量有所增加,在下侧布置辅助风情况下,炉膛水平截面气流充满度较好,NOX生成与前者相比无明显增加。
With supercritical (SC) and ultra supercritical (USC) power unit main/reheat steam parameters increase, the unit thermal efficiency being improved than the national average, which have a significant effect on energy conservation and environmental improvement. Construction of thermal power plants in the future will mainly develop high efficiency and high parameters of SC and USC power unit.Due to introduction of technology on domestic coal sources considered inadequate, thereby leading to malignant slagging and combustion instability problems in boiler. In addition, original design of boiler is fuel ignition, after the introduction of technology, in order to save oil, change the burner to oilless ignition and fuel ignition share, all this need to optimize SC and USC power unit boiler combustion. Papers about this research study on combustion characteristics and ation of the object main contents are as follows.
600MW supercritical LNASB combustion swirl burner boiler was predicted by numerical simulation test anduse the actual industrial test to vertify and analysis. To solve boiler coking in malignant as a starting point, the influence of secondary swirling intensity and air flow on the distribution of temperature and flow field were studied. The influence of mode on the burner to the powder and secondary changes on NOx formation in the furnace were studied. Air force field, temperature field and NOx formation characteristics on the burner original structure and the improvement scheme are compared and analyzed.
The numerical simulation test combined with actual industrial test, combustion instability phenomena on a1000MW ultra-supercritical units HT-NR3burner hedge hydrocyclone combustion boiler are studied, the original structure of burner and three improving programs were compared.
The numerical simulation test and actual industry experiment had shown as follows, the extended corner was impacted obviously by the external secondary air. The recirculation zone is hardly affected by the inner secondary air. Increasing the flow and swirling intensity of the inner secondary air could make the flame deviation and adherence. The inner secondary air have a great influence on NOx, when the inner secondary air is off, NOX in the furnace exit fell by22%. The recirculation zone root distance increased with the center air speed,the temperature of burner nozzle increased with central air exit significantly, the flame from the nozzle distance on burner center powder feeding can be increased effectively.
1000MW ultra-supercritical units HT-NR3burner Conclusions are drawn as follows, when the Secondary outlet expanding angle and the axial length are large, the flame shape is short and wide, effluent concentrations of NOx is low, Coal combustion is unstable when the quality of coal is bad.When the Secondary outlet expanding angle is small and the axial length is short, combustion stability of coal center rich and original structure about burner are both increased, NOx emission is not increased obviously. The combustion stability could effectively increase when the axial length of secondary expanding outlet was reduced to1/2, NOx emission is not improved obviously, which was the best improvement program.
The combustion process of a1000MW ultra supercritical dual tangential circle boiler was numerically studied and in the actual industrial experiment study. The influence of the nozzle structure and the primary and secondary air velocity on the distributions of thermal flow and temperature field was studied. The flow field and temperature field with the burners of being improved structure were compared with the original ones.
The primary and secondary air velocity have a greatimpact on the thermal flow within the burner's combustion area. Diameter of the tangent circle decreases with the increasing of primary air velocity but increases with the increasing of secondary air velocity. In the shape of the burner nozzle under the same circumstances, increasing the dimension of the primary air nozzle can increase the rigidity of the flame. For different burner jet structure and arrangement, NOx generation and distribution performance is different correspondingly, while the NOx emission change is unobvious for different boiler design schemes. As flow area of the primary coal powder tube jet is enlarged by100%, that is, the coal feeding is increased by20%, temperature around the burner zone rises significantly and NOx generation also increases. When there arranged one layer of auxiliary air from the burner undersurface, the combustion characteristic is promoted and NOx generation increases lightly.
通过数值模拟试验对600MW超临界LNASB燃烧器旋流燃烧锅炉进行了预测,通过实际工业试验进行了验证和分析。以解决锅炉恶性结焦为出发点,研究了旋流强度及二次风量对燃烧器热态温度场、空气动力场分布的影响；研究了燃烧器给粉方式、二次风变化对炉膛内部NOx生成的影响,对燃烧器原始结构和各改进方案空气动力场、温度场和NOx生成特性进行了对比和分析。
采用数值模拟试验和实际工业试验相结合的方式,对一台1000MW超超临界机组HT-NR3燃烧器对冲旋流燃烧锅炉燃烧不稳定现象进行了研究,研究了燃烧器一、二次风口形状对燃烧器热态温度场、空气动力场分布的影响,对燃烧器改进结构与原始结构NOx生成特性进行对比。对燃烧器原始结构和三个改进方案进行了对比分析。
600MW超临界旋流燃烧锅炉LNASB燃烧器具有以下特点。外二次风对射流扩展角影响较大,内二次风对回流区影响明显,内二次风风量及旋流强度过大时容易引起火焰气流冲刷水冷壁。内二次风对NOx影响较大,内二次风关闭时炉膛出口NOx下降22%。回流区根部距离随中心风速的增大而增大,燃烧器喷口处温度随中心风的退出上升明显,燃烧器中心给粉方式下火焰离喷口距离可有效地增加。同时,可以有效的降低锅炉NOx的生成。
1000MW超超临界HT-NR3燃烧器旋流燃烧锅炉计算与试验结论如下。二次风扩口轴向长度及角度较大时,燃烧器火焰形状宽而短,NOx生成量较少,煤质较差时燃烧不稳定。二次风筒锥口轴向长度及角度减小后,燃烧器燃烧稳定性有所增强,锅炉NOx生成和排放量增加不明显。二次风扩口轴向长度减少1/2时燃烧稳定性明显增强,NOx排放量无明显增加,为最佳改进方案。
对一台1000MW超超临界机组双切圆锅炉的燃烧特性进行了数值模拟试验预测,同时进行了实际工业试验研究。研究了燃烧器喷口布置、喷口形状及一、二次风速对燃烧器热态空气动力场、温度场分布的影响,对燃烧器原始结构和各改进结构空气动力场及温度场进行了分析。
一、二次风速对炉膛空气动力场结构影响非常大,切圆直径随一次风速增大而变小,随二次风速的增大而增大。在燃烧器喷口形状不变的情况下,火焰刚性随一次风口尺寸的增大而增强。燃烧器喷口形状与布置方式不同时,燃烧器区域NOX生成与分布不同,锅炉各方案情况下NOx排放变化不明显。燃烧器一次风粉喷口通流面积扩大1倍,给粉量增加20%的情况下燃烧器区域温度明显升高,NOX生成量有所增加,在下侧布置辅助风情况下,炉膛水平截面气流充满度较好,NOX生成与前者相比无明显增加。
With supercritical (SC) and ultra supercritical (USC) power unit main/reheat steam parameters increase, the unit thermal efficiency being improved than the national average, which have a significant effect on energy conservation and environmental improvement. Construction of thermal power plants in the future will mainly develop high efficiency and high parameters of SC and USC power unit.Due to introduction of technology on domestic coal sources considered inadequate, thereby leading to malignant slagging and combustion instability problems in boiler. In addition, original design of boiler is fuel ignition, after the introduction of technology, in order to save oil, change the burner to oilless ignition and fuel ignition share, all this need to optimize SC and USC power unit boiler combustion. Papers about this research study on combustion characteristics and ation of the object main contents are as follows.
600MW supercritical LNASB combustion swirl burner boiler was predicted by numerical simulation test anduse the actual industrial test to vertify and analysis. To solve boiler coking in malignant as a starting point, the influence of secondary swirling intensity and air flow on the distribution of temperature and flow field were studied. The influence of mode on the burner to the powder and secondary changes on NOx formation in the furnace were studied. Air force field, temperature field and NOx formation characteristics on the burner original structure and the improvement scheme are compared and analyzed.
The numerical simulation test combined with actual industrial test, combustion instability phenomena on a1000MW ultra-supercritical units HT-NR3burner hedge hydrocyclone combustion boiler are studied, the original structure of burner and three improving programs were compared.
The numerical simulation test and actual industry experiment had shown as follows, the extended corner was impacted obviously by the external secondary air. The recirculation zone is hardly affected by the inner secondary air. Increasing the flow and swirling intensity of the inner secondary air could make the flame deviation and adherence. The inner secondary air have a great influence on NOx, when the inner secondary air is off, NOX in the furnace exit fell by22%. The recirculation zone root distance increased with the center air speed,the temperature of burner nozzle increased with central air exit significantly, the flame from the nozzle distance on burner center powder feeding can be increased effectively.
1000MW ultra-supercritical units HT-NR3burner Conclusions are drawn as follows, when the Secondary outlet expanding angle and the axial length are large, the flame shape is short and wide, effluent concentrations of NOx is low, Coal combustion is unstable when the quality of coal is bad.When the Secondary outlet expanding angle is small and the axial length is short, combustion stability of coal center rich and original structure about burner are both increased, NOx emission is not increased obviously. The combustion stability could effectively increase when the axial length of secondary expanding outlet was reduced to1/2, NOx emission is not improved obviously, which was the best improvement program.
The combustion process of a1000MW ultra supercritical dual tangential circle boiler was numerically studied and in the actual industrial experiment study. The influence of the nozzle structure and the primary and secondary air velocity on the distributions of thermal flow and temperature field was studied. The flow field and temperature field with the burners of being improved structure were compared with the original ones.
The primary and secondary air velocity have a greatimpact on the thermal flow within the burner's combustion area. Diameter of the tangent circle decreases with the increasing of primary air velocity but increases with the increasing of secondary air velocity. In the shape of the burner nozzle under the same circumstances, increasing the dimension of the primary air nozzle can increase the rigidity of the flame. For different burner jet structure and arrangement, NOx generation and distribution performance is different correspondingly, while the NOx emission change is unobvious for different boiler design schemes. As flow area of the primary coal powder tube jet is enlarged by100%, that is, the coal feeding is increased by20%, temperature around the burner zone rises significantly and NOx generation also increases. When there arranged one layer of auxiliary air from the burner undersurface, the combustion characteristic is promoted and NOx generation increases lightly.
引文
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