多源遥感图像融合算法的研究与应用
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摘要
随着传感器、遥感平台和数据通信等相关技术领域的迅速发展,由各种传感器对地观测获取同一地区的多源遥感图像数据越来越多。然而,遥感应用的水平却远滞后于遥感技术的发展。至今,随着数据融合技术的产生及其迅速发展,多源遥感图像融合作为数据融合理论在数字图像处理和遥感中应用的一个分支,为多源遥感图像数据的处理、分析与应用提供了全新的途径,有利于增强多重数据分析功能,为大规模的遥感应用研究提供了一个良好的基础。
图象融合是指将自不同类型传感器获取的同一地区的各图像数据进行空间配准,然后采用一定的算法将配准后的各图像数据中所含的显著信息或互补信息有机地结合起来,产生新的图像数据,并对新数据进行解译。本文在全面分析和总结现有文献及研究成果的基础上,从研究像素级融合技术及其应用出发,以低分辨率的多光谱图像和高分辨率的全色图像为数据源,具体开展了以下几个方面的研究工作:
1.阐述了多源遥感图像融合的基本概念,进而系统分析和总结了多源遥感图像融合的目的、层次、流程和方法等基本理论;
2.为改善遥感图像的融合质量,对多源遥感图像融合的预处理技术进行了分析研究,主要内容包括:遥感图像的特性分析(TM图像、ETM+图像、SPOT卫星、中巴地球资源卫星图像等)、几何校正、增强以及配准;
3.阐述了多源遥感图像像素级融合的基本概念,全面地分析和比较了空间域的加权融合法、乘积性融合法、比值融合法、高通滤波融合法,变换域的IHS变换融合法、主成分分析融合法、金字塔融合法、小波变换融合法,并通过使用Matlab软件对遥感图像进行融合仿真,比照融合图像总结了各种传统融合方法的作用、优缺点和适用环境。
4.在分析和归纳了四种区域特征的基础上,将区域特征准则引入传统的IHS变换融合和小波变换融合法,提出了一种新的基于区域方差的改进型IHS小波变换融合法。
5.研究了融合图像的主观和客观评价标准,采用定性定量相结合的评价标准,并在试验中应用这些标准对试验结果进行全面评价。通过试验结果的分析,总结了一些常用融合方法的特点和适用范围,并通过试验证实了本文提出的新方法比传统方法融合效果更佳,为遥感图像融合的应用提供了科学依据。
As the rapid development of the correlative technologies such as sensor, remote sensing flat and data traffic, the multisource remote sencing image data about the same scene obtained by all kinds of sensors are more and more. However, the level of remote sensing application is dropped behand the development of remote sensing technology. Up to the present, along with the appearance and rapid development of the data fusion technology, multisource remote sencing image fusion, as an important branch of the data fusion theory applied in digital image processing and remote sensing, provides bran-new approaches to the process, analysis and application of multisource remote sencing image data. It is also propitious to enhance the function of multidata analysis and provides an excellent foundation to the research on the large scale remote sensing application.
Image fusion means to process spacial registration with all kinds of image data about the same scene obtained by all kinds of sensors, integrate the notable or complementary information adopting some algorithm organically, and then to produce new image data and interpret them. This dissertation, based on analyzing and summing up existed literatures and research productions in the round, adoping high-resolution panchromatic images and low-resolution multispectral images as source data, starts from researching on the technology and application of pixel-level fusion, and develops several aspects of research jobs as follows:
1. This dissertation expatiates on the conception of multisource remote sencing image fusion, analyzes and summarizes the intention, hiberarchies, flow and methods of multisource remote sencing image fusion systematically;
2. To improve the fusion quality of remote sencing image, this dissertation analyzes and investigates the preprocessing technology of multisource remote sencing image fusion, it contains: characteristic analysis(TM image, ETM+ image, SPOT secondary planet and China-Brazil earth resorce secondary planet image), geometric rectification, enhancement and registration of remote sencing image;
3. This dissertation expatiates on the conception of multisource remote sencing image pixel-level fusion, analyzes and summarizes the weighted fusion algorithm, product fusion algorithm, ratio fusion algorithm, high pass filter fusion algorithm in spatial domainin, and IHS transform fusion algorithm, principal component analysis fusion algorithm, pyramid fusion algorithm, wavelet transform fusion algorithm in transformation domain in the round, simulates all kinds of remote sencing images with Matlab software, and summarizes the function, advantage, disadvantage, and circumstance in point of the traditional fusion algorithms by contrasting the fusion images.
4. Based on analyzing and summing up four regional characteristics, this dissertation introduces regional characteristic rule into traditional IHS transform and wavelet transform fusion algorithm, and puts forward a new improved IHS wavelet transform fusion algorithm based on regional variance rule.
5. This dissertation investigates the subjective and objective evaluation criteria, and evaluates the result across-the-aboard in the experiment by adopting the evaluation criteria combining qualitative analysis with quntitative analysis. By analyzing the experiment results, it also sums up the characteristic and circumstance in point of some commen fusion algorithm, approves that the new algorithm is better than traditional fusion algorithms, and provides more scientific basis for the application of remote sensing image fusion.
图象融合是指将自不同类型传感器获取的同一地区的各图像数据进行空间配准,然后采用一定的算法将配准后的各图像数据中所含的显著信息或互补信息有机地结合起来,产生新的图像数据,并对新数据进行解译。本文在全面分析和总结现有文献及研究成果的基础上,从研究像素级融合技术及其应用出发,以低分辨率的多光谱图像和高分辨率的全色图像为数据源,具体开展了以下几个方面的研究工作:
1.阐述了多源遥感图像融合的基本概念,进而系统分析和总结了多源遥感图像融合的目的、层次、流程和方法等基本理论;
2.为改善遥感图像的融合质量,对多源遥感图像融合的预处理技术进行了分析研究,主要内容包括:遥感图像的特性分析(TM图像、ETM+图像、SPOT卫星、中巴地球资源卫星图像等)、几何校正、增强以及配准;
3.阐述了多源遥感图像像素级融合的基本概念,全面地分析和比较了空间域的加权融合法、乘积性融合法、比值融合法、高通滤波融合法,变换域的IHS变换融合法、主成分分析融合法、金字塔融合法、小波变换融合法,并通过使用Matlab软件对遥感图像进行融合仿真,比照融合图像总结了各种传统融合方法的作用、优缺点和适用环境。
4.在分析和归纳了四种区域特征的基础上,将区域特征准则引入传统的IHS变换融合和小波变换融合法,提出了一种新的基于区域方差的改进型IHS小波变换融合法。
5.研究了融合图像的主观和客观评价标准,采用定性定量相结合的评价标准,并在试验中应用这些标准对试验结果进行全面评价。通过试验结果的分析,总结了一些常用融合方法的特点和适用范围,并通过试验证实了本文提出的新方法比传统方法融合效果更佳,为遥感图像融合的应用提供了科学依据。
As the rapid development of the correlative technologies such as sensor, remote sensing flat and data traffic, the multisource remote sencing image data about the same scene obtained by all kinds of sensors are more and more. However, the level of remote sensing application is dropped behand the development of remote sensing technology. Up to the present, along with the appearance and rapid development of the data fusion technology, multisource remote sencing image fusion, as an important branch of the data fusion theory applied in digital image processing and remote sensing, provides bran-new approaches to the process, analysis and application of multisource remote sencing image data. It is also propitious to enhance the function of multidata analysis and provides an excellent foundation to the research on the large scale remote sensing application.
Image fusion means to process spacial registration with all kinds of image data about the same scene obtained by all kinds of sensors, integrate the notable or complementary information adopting some algorithm organically, and then to produce new image data and interpret them. This dissertation, based on analyzing and summing up existed literatures and research productions in the round, adoping high-resolution panchromatic images and low-resolution multispectral images as source data, starts from researching on the technology and application of pixel-level fusion, and develops several aspects of research jobs as follows:
1. This dissertation expatiates on the conception of multisource remote sencing image fusion, analyzes and summarizes the intention, hiberarchies, flow and methods of multisource remote sencing image fusion systematically;
2. To improve the fusion quality of remote sencing image, this dissertation analyzes and investigates the preprocessing technology of multisource remote sencing image fusion, it contains: characteristic analysis(TM image, ETM+ image, SPOT secondary planet and China-Brazil earth resorce secondary planet image), geometric rectification, enhancement and registration of remote sencing image;
3. This dissertation expatiates on the conception of multisource remote sencing image pixel-level fusion, analyzes and summarizes the weighted fusion algorithm, product fusion algorithm, ratio fusion algorithm, high pass filter fusion algorithm in spatial domainin, and IHS transform fusion algorithm, principal component analysis fusion algorithm, pyramid fusion algorithm, wavelet transform fusion algorithm in transformation domain in the round, simulates all kinds of remote sencing images with Matlab software, and summarizes the function, advantage, disadvantage, and circumstance in point of the traditional fusion algorithms by contrasting the fusion images.
4. Based on analyzing and summing up four regional characteristics, this dissertation introduces regional characteristic rule into traditional IHS transform and wavelet transform fusion algorithm, and puts forward a new improved IHS wavelet transform fusion algorithm based on regional variance rule.
5. This dissertation investigates the subjective and objective evaluation criteria, and evaluates the result across-the-aboard in the experiment by adopting the evaluation criteria combining qualitative analysis with quntitative analysis. By analyzing the experiment results, it also sums up the characteristic and circumstance in point of some commen fusion algorithm, approves that the new algorithm is better than traditional fusion algorithms, and provides more scientific basis for the application of remote sensing image fusion.
引文
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[3]贾永红.多源遥感影像数据融合方法及其应用的研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2001.
[4]贾永红,李德仁.选择最佳彩色变换用于遥感影像复合的定量评价方法[J].测绘通报,1997,12(1): 2~4.
[5]杨煊,裴继红,杨万海.基于模糊积分的融合图像评价方法[J].计算机学报, 2001,24(8): 815~818.
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[7] Castleman K.R. Digital Image Processing[M]. Prentice hall Inc. 1996.
[8] You Yuli, Kaveh D. Fourth-order partial differential equations for noise removal[J]. IEEE Traps. Image Processing,2000,9(10): 1723~1730.
[9]冈萨雷斯著,阮秋琦,阮宇智等译.数字信号处理(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
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