GS与IVM小鼠卵母细胞的发育潜能和细胞遗传学
|
摘要
[研究背景与目的]
采用促性腺激素刺激(gonadotropin stimulation,GS)排卵是临床不孕症辅助治疗过程中常规使用的方案,目的是为了获得更多的卵母细胞用于体外受精,从而获得较多的胚胎供于移植,以期提高临床妊娠率。然而促排卵治疗过程中出现的药物副作用,如增加远期卵巢癌发生风险,诱发卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)等越来越引起人们对母体使用促排卵药物安全性的担忧。此外,使用大剂量促性腺激素是否影响卵母细胞受精及胚胎发育潜能也引起人们极大关注。
为了减少促排卵治疗带来的各种副作用,近些年来,采用卵母细胞体外成熟培养(invitro maturation,ⅣM)技术替代促排卵治疗已成为辅助生殖领域的研究热点。虽然目前未成熟卵母细胞经体外培养后细胞核的成熟率可以达到60%-70%,然而其受精率及形成囊胚的比例仍很低,说明体外成熟的卵母细胞可能存在质量缺陷。目前,很多研究集中在如何改善、优化体外培养条件,而对于决定ⅣM卵母细胞受精及其后胚胎发育的关键因素,如决定卵母细胞能否正确分裂的纺垂体微管结构以及与胚胎发育密切相关的染色体非整倍性等研究尚不多见。
本课题以小鼠为模型,目的在于研究:①GS对卵母细胞受精能力及其后发育潜能的影响;②ⅣM对卵母细胞质量及其后发育潜能的影响;③GS和ⅣM对MⅡ期卵母细胞蛋白合成的影响;④GS对体内成熟(PMSG+hCG)和体外培养成熟(PMSG/不加hCG)卵母细胞的纺垂体结构和染色体排列的影响;5.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞非整倍性的影响。
[材料与方法]
1.实验小鼠随机分为4组:自然周期卵母细胞体内成熟组;自然周期卵母细胞体外成熟组;促性腺激素刺激周期卵母细胞体内成熟组(PMSG+hCG);促性腺激素刺激周期卵母细胞体外成熟组(PMSG/不加hCG);2.采用ⅣM培养未成熟卵母细胞,并比较来自自然周期和促性腺激素刺激周期(PMSG/不加hCG)未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟率;3.通过体外受精技术观察各组成熟卵母细胞的受精情况,并比较各组受精率、2-cell胚和囊胚形成率;4.采用单向SDS—PAGE电泳/银染技术测定并比较各组成熟卵母细胞MⅡ期胞浆蛋白合成;5.采用LC PolScope进行活体观察各组成熟卵母细胞纺垂体和第一极体的位置关系,并测量和比较纺垂体出现率及长度;6.采用免疫荧光染色技术和荧光显微镜观察纺垂体的结构和染色体的排列;7.采用Giemsa染色技术结合FISH检测并比较各组成熟卵母细胞染色体数目异常。
[结果]
1.GS和ⅣM对小鼠卵母细胞受精及其后发育潜能的影响
(1)促性腺激素刺激周期和自然周期体内成熟卵母细胞的受精率、2-cell胚和囊胚形成率相比无明显差异;
(2)促性腺激素刺激周期体外成熟卵母细胞与体内成熟卵母细胞相比,受精率和囊胚形成率明显降低;
(3)自然周期体外成熟卵母细胞与体内成熟卵母细胞相比,受精率和囊胚形成率明显降低;
(4)促性腺激素刺激周期与自然周期体外成熟卵母细胞的核成熟率和受精率相比无明显差异,但前者的囊胚形成率明显高于后者。
2.GS和ⅣM对MⅡ期卵母细胞蛋白合成的影响
通过SDS-PAGE单向电泳/银染和凝胶成像系统分析,促性腺激素刺激和体外成熟培养对卵母细胞MⅡ期蛋白质合成无明显影响。
3.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞的纺垂体结构和染色体排列的影响
通过LC Polscope活体观察及FITC/DAPI免疫染色结合荧光显微镜观察,结果表明促性腺激素刺激和体外成熟培养对卵母细胞MⅡ期纺垂体出现率、纺垂体长度、纺垂体结构形态和染色体排列无明显影响。
4.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞染色体非整倍性的影响
通过Giemsa染色结合FISH技术检测各组成熟卵母细胞染色体数目,四组相比染色体非整倍性发生率无明显差异。
[结论]
1.GS不影响体内成熟卵母细胞受精及其后的发育潜能;
2.ⅣM卵母细胞受精和其后的发育潜能降低;
3.GS可以增加体外成熟卵母细胞受精后的胚胎发育潜能;
4.GS和ⅣM不影响小鼠卵母细胞MⅡ期的蛋白合成;
5.GS和ⅣM不增加卵母细胞纺垂体结构和染色体排列异常的发生率;
6.GS和ⅣM不增加卵母细胞染色体非整倍性的发生;
7.ⅣM卵母细胞的低发育潜能与纺垂体结构和染色体排列异常及染色体非整倍性的发生没有直接关系。
[BACKGROUND AND AIM] The gonadotropin stimulation (GS) ovulation protocols are widely applied in the field of assisted reproductive treatment of infertility, which can generate multiple follicles in order to collect more muture oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is believed that more oocytes are collected and more embryos are available for embryo transfer (ET), which resulted in incresing the chance of pregnancy in each treatment cycle. However, more and more people worry about the GS side effects, such as increasing long-term risk of ovarian cancer and inducing OHSS etc. On the other hand, both patients and medical professionals pay high attention whether the quality of oocytes and subsequent embryonic developmental potential would be affected by high- dose use of gonadotropin stimulation.
To decrease side effects of gonadotropin stimulation, researchers were interested in the techniques of in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes. Although about 60% to 70% of immature oocytes could reach nuclear maturity after in vitro mature culture, however, their fertilization rate and subsequent blastocyst formation rate are still lower compared with those of in vivo mature oocytes, indicating some quality defects of IVM oocytes. At present, most studies have focused on how to improve culture conditions for in vitro immature oocytes, but it is seldom to report the key factors, such as meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment as well as aneuploidy during MII stage, which determin IVM oocyte fertilization and subsequent developmental potential.
The aim of this study was to explore the effcts of GS on oocyte fertilization and subsequent developmental potential; the effects of IVM on oocyte quality and subsequent developmental potential; the effects of GS and IVM on protein synthesis of MII oocytes; the effcts of GS on meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment of oocytes from in vivo and in vitro muturation and the effcts of GS and IVM on oocyte aneuploidy.
[MATERIALS AND METHODS] 1. The experimental mice were randomly divided into four groups: a) natural cycle and in vivo matured oocytes (post-ovulation); b) stimulated cycle and in vivo matured oocytes (PMSG+hCG; post-ovulation); c) natural cycle and in vitro matured oocytes (pre-ovulation); d) stimulated cycle and in vitro matured oocytes (PMSG only; pre-ovulation). 2. immature oocytes were cultured in vitro by IVM technique and the mature rates of immature oocytes between natural cycle and stimulated cycle were compared. 3. IVF was carryed out to observe oocyte fertilization and the fertilization rate, formation rates of 2-cell embryo and blastocyst among four groups were compared. 4. one-direction SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and silver staining were employed to detect and compare the protein synthesis of matured oocytes at MII stage among four groups. 5. inverted microscope equipped with LC Polscope optics and controller combined with a computerized image analysis system was applied to observe and compare the oocytes meiotic spindle position and the spindle plate as well as the length of spindle plate among four groups. 6. immunofluorescent assay was performed to observe the meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment among four groups under fluorescent microscope. 7. Giemsa staining and FISH were applied to analyze the oocyte karyotypes among the four groups, respectively.
[RESULTS] 1. There were no significant differences in all the parameters includingfertilization rates and the rates of 2-cell embryo and blastocyst formation of in vivo matured oocytes between gonadotropin stimulated and naturally cycling mice (P>0.05). 2. The fertilization and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro matured oocyte were significantly lower than those of in vivo matured oocyte derived from gonadotropin stimulated mice (P<0.05). 3. The fertilization and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro matured oocyte were significantly lower than those of in vivo matured oocyte derived from natural cycle mice (P<0.05). 4. There were no significant differences in the rates of nuclear maturation and fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes between gonadotropin stimulated and naturally cycling mice. However, the blastocyst formation rate of in vitro matured oocytes from gonadotropin stimulated mice was significantly higher than those from naturally cycling mice. 5. There were no significant differences in protein synthesis in oocyte cytoplasm during maturation between GS and IVM groups using SDS-PAGE/Silver-staining. 6. There were no significant differences in the length of spindle plates, meiotic spindle organizations, chromosome alignment and aneuploidy among the four groups.
[CONCLUSIONS] 1. GS has no effct on the fertilization and subsequent developmentalpotential of in vivo matured oocytes. 2. IVM oocytes decrease their fertilization and developmental competence. 3. GS did not improve post-fertilization development of in vivo matured oocytes, but was beneficial to post-fertilization development of in vitro matured oocytes. 4. GS and IVM may not affect protein synthesis in oocyte cytoplasm during maturation. 5. GS and IVM did not increase the abnormal incidence of spindle organization and chromosomal alignment as well as chromosome aneuploidy: 6. There seems to be no direct correlation between lower developmental potential of IVM oocytes and incidences of meiotic spindle organization, chromosomal alignment and chromosome aneuploidy.
采用促性腺激素刺激(gonadotropin stimulation,GS)排卵是临床不孕症辅助治疗过程中常规使用的方案,目的是为了获得更多的卵母细胞用于体外受精,从而获得较多的胚胎供于移植,以期提高临床妊娠率。然而促排卵治疗过程中出现的药物副作用,如增加远期卵巢癌发生风险,诱发卵巢过度刺激综合征(ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,OHSS)等越来越引起人们对母体使用促排卵药物安全性的担忧。此外,使用大剂量促性腺激素是否影响卵母细胞受精及胚胎发育潜能也引起人们极大关注。
为了减少促排卵治疗带来的各种副作用,近些年来,采用卵母细胞体外成熟培养(invitro maturation,ⅣM)技术替代促排卵治疗已成为辅助生殖领域的研究热点。虽然目前未成熟卵母细胞经体外培养后细胞核的成熟率可以达到60%-70%,然而其受精率及形成囊胚的比例仍很低,说明体外成熟的卵母细胞可能存在质量缺陷。目前,很多研究集中在如何改善、优化体外培养条件,而对于决定ⅣM卵母细胞受精及其后胚胎发育的关键因素,如决定卵母细胞能否正确分裂的纺垂体微管结构以及与胚胎发育密切相关的染色体非整倍性等研究尚不多见。
本课题以小鼠为模型,目的在于研究:①GS对卵母细胞受精能力及其后发育潜能的影响;②ⅣM对卵母细胞质量及其后发育潜能的影响;③GS和ⅣM对MⅡ期卵母细胞蛋白合成的影响;④GS对体内成熟(PMSG+hCG)和体外培养成熟(PMSG/不加hCG)卵母细胞的纺垂体结构和染色体排列的影响;5.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞非整倍性的影响。
[材料与方法]
1.实验小鼠随机分为4组:自然周期卵母细胞体内成熟组;自然周期卵母细胞体外成熟组;促性腺激素刺激周期卵母细胞体内成熟组(PMSG+hCG);促性腺激素刺激周期卵母细胞体外成熟组(PMSG/不加hCG);2.采用ⅣM培养未成熟卵母细胞,并比较来自自然周期和促性腺激素刺激周期(PMSG/不加hCG)未成熟卵母细胞体外成熟率;3.通过体外受精技术观察各组成熟卵母细胞的受精情况,并比较各组受精率、2-cell胚和囊胚形成率;4.采用单向SDS—PAGE电泳/银染技术测定并比较各组成熟卵母细胞MⅡ期胞浆蛋白合成;5.采用LC PolScope进行活体观察各组成熟卵母细胞纺垂体和第一极体的位置关系,并测量和比较纺垂体出现率及长度;6.采用免疫荧光染色技术和荧光显微镜观察纺垂体的结构和染色体的排列;7.采用Giemsa染色技术结合FISH检测并比较各组成熟卵母细胞染色体数目异常。
[结果]
1.GS和ⅣM对小鼠卵母细胞受精及其后发育潜能的影响
(1)促性腺激素刺激周期和自然周期体内成熟卵母细胞的受精率、2-cell胚和囊胚形成率相比无明显差异;
(2)促性腺激素刺激周期体外成熟卵母细胞与体内成熟卵母细胞相比,受精率和囊胚形成率明显降低;
(3)自然周期体外成熟卵母细胞与体内成熟卵母细胞相比,受精率和囊胚形成率明显降低;
(4)促性腺激素刺激周期与自然周期体外成熟卵母细胞的核成熟率和受精率相比无明显差异,但前者的囊胚形成率明显高于后者。
2.GS和ⅣM对MⅡ期卵母细胞蛋白合成的影响
通过SDS-PAGE单向电泳/银染和凝胶成像系统分析,促性腺激素刺激和体外成熟培养对卵母细胞MⅡ期蛋白质合成无明显影响。
3.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞的纺垂体结构和染色体排列的影响
通过LC Polscope活体观察及FITC/DAPI免疫染色结合荧光显微镜观察,结果表明促性腺激素刺激和体外成熟培养对卵母细胞MⅡ期纺垂体出现率、纺垂体长度、纺垂体结构形态和染色体排列无明显影响。
4.GS和ⅣM对卵母细胞染色体非整倍性的影响
通过Giemsa染色结合FISH技术检测各组成熟卵母细胞染色体数目,四组相比染色体非整倍性发生率无明显差异。
[结论]
1.GS不影响体内成熟卵母细胞受精及其后的发育潜能;
2.ⅣM卵母细胞受精和其后的发育潜能降低;
3.GS可以增加体外成熟卵母细胞受精后的胚胎发育潜能;
4.GS和ⅣM不影响小鼠卵母细胞MⅡ期的蛋白合成;
5.GS和ⅣM不增加卵母细胞纺垂体结构和染色体排列异常的发生率;
6.GS和ⅣM不增加卵母细胞染色体非整倍性的发生;
7.ⅣM卵母细胞的低发育潜能与纺垂体结构和染色体排列异常及染色体非整倍性的发生没有直接关系。
[BACKGROUND AND AIM] The gonadotropin stimulation (GS) ovulation protocols are widely applied in the field of assisted reproductive treatment of infertility, which can generate multiple follicles in order to collect more muture oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is believed that more oocytes are collected and more embryos are available for embryo transfer (ET), which resulted in incresing the chance of pregnancy in each treatment cycle. However, more and more people worry about the GS side effects, such as increasing long-term risk of ovarian cancer and inducing OHSS etc. On the other hand, both patients and medical professionals pay high attention whether the quality of oocytes and subsequent embryonic developmental potential would be affected by high- dose use of gonadotropin stimulation.
To decrease side effects of gonadotropin stimulation, researchers were interested in the techniques of in vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes. Although about 60% to 70% of immature oocytes could reach nuclear maturity after in vitro mature culture, however, their fertilization rate and subsequent blastocyst formation rate are still lower compared with those of in vivo mature oocytes, indicating some quality defects of IVM oocytes. At present, most studies have focused on how to improve culture conditions for in vitro immature oocytes, but it is seldom to report the key factors, such as meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment as well as aneuploidy during MII stage, which determin IVM oocyte fertilization and subsequent developmental potential.
The aim of this study was to explore the effcts of GS on oocyte fertilization and subsequent developmental potential; the effects of IVM on oocyte quality and subsequent developmental potential; the effects of GS and IVM on protein synthesis of MII oocytes; the effcts of GS on meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment of oocytes from in vivo and in vitro muturation and the effcts of GS and IVM on oocyte aneuploidy.
[MATERIALS AND METHODS] 1. The experimental mice were randomly divided into four groups: a) natural cycle and in vivo matured oocytes (post-ovulation); b) stimulated cycle and in vivo matured oocytes (PMSG+hCG; post-ovulation); c) natural cycle and in vitro matured oocytes (pre-ovulation); d) stimulated cycle and in vitro matured oocytes (PMSG only; pre-ovulation). 2. immature oocytes were cultured in vitro by IVM technique and the mature rates of immature oocytes between natural cycle and stimulated cycle were compared. 3. IVF was carryed out to observe oocyte fertilization and the fertilization rate, formation rates of 2-cell embryo and blastocyst among four groups were compared. 4. one-direction SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and silver staining were employed to detect and compare the protein synthesis of matured oocytes at MII stage among four groups. 5. inverted microscope equipped with LC Polscope optics and controller combined with a computerized image analysis system was applied to observe and compare the oocytes meiotic spindle position and the spindle plate as well as the length of spindle plate among four groups. 6. immunofluorescent assay was performed to observe the meiotic spindle organization and chromosome alignment among four groups under fluorescent microscope. 7. Giemsa staining and FISH were applied to analyze the oocyte karyotypes among the four groups, respectively.
[RESULTS] 1. There were no significant differences in all the parameters includingfertilization rates and the rates of 2-cell embryo and blastocyst formation of in vivo matured oocytes between gonadotropin stimulated and naturally cycling mice (P>0.05). 2. The fertilization and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro matured oocyte were significantly lower than those of in vivo matured oocyte derived from gonadotropin stimulated mice (P<0.05). 3. The fertilization and blastocyst formation rates of in vitro matured oocyte were significantly lower than those of in vivo matured oocyte derived from natural cycle mice (P<0.05). 4. There were no significant differences in the rates of nuclear maturation and fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes between gonadotropin stimulated and naturally cycling mice. However, the blastocyst formation rate of in vitro matured oocytes from gonadotropin stimulated mice was significantly higher than those from naturally cycling mice. 5. There were no significant differences in protein synthesis in oocyte cytoplasm during maturation between GS and IVM groups using SDS-PAGE/Silver-staining. 6. There were no significant differences in the length of spindle plates, meiotic spindle organizations, chromosome alignment and aneuploidy among the four groups.
[CONCLUSIONS] 1. GS has no effct on the fertilization and subsequent developmentalpotential of in vivo matured oocytes. 2. IVM oocytes decrease their fertilization and developmental competence. 3. GS did not improve post-fertilization development of in vivo matured oocytes, but was beneficial to post-fertilization development of in vitro matured oocytes. 4. GS and IVM may not affect protein synthesis in oocyte cytoplasm during maturation. 5. GS and IVM did not increase the abnormal incidence of spindle organization and chromosomal alignment as well as chromosome aneuploidy: 6. There seems to be no direct correlation between lower developmental potential of IVM oocytes and incidences of meiotic spindle organization, chromosomal alignment and chromosome aneuploidy.
引文
1.Kwang YC and Chian RC.Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical use[R].Hum Reprod Update,1998,4(2):103-120.
2.Vanderhyden BC,Armstrong DT.Effects of gonadotropins and granulosa cell secretions on the maturation and fertilization of rat oocytes in vitro.Mol Reprod and Dev.1990;26:337-46.
3.Schramm RD,Bavister BD.Follicle-stimulating hormone priming of rhesus monkeys enhances meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro.Biol Reprod.1994;51:904-12.
4.Wynn P,Picton HM,Krapez JA,Rutherford AJ,Balen AH,Gosden RG.Pretreatment with follicle stimulating hormone promotes the numbers of human oocytes reaching metaphase Ⅱby in-vitro maturation.Hum Reprod.1998;13:3132-8.
5.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones G.Maturation of human oocytes in vitro and their developmental competence.Reprod.2001;121:51-75.
6.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones GM,Kausche A,Lolatgis N,Wood C.Oocyte maturation.Hum Reprod 1998;13(Supplement 3):52-62.
7.Delhanty J,Handyside A.The origin of genetic defects in the human and their detection in the preimplantation embryo.Hum Reprod Update.1995;1:210-215.
8.Wall MB,Marks K,Smith TA,Gearon CM,Muggleton-Harris AL.Cytogenetic and fluorescent in-situ hybridization chromosomal studies on in-vitro fertilized and intracytoplasmic sperm injected 'failed-fertilized' human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2230-2238.
9.Hodges CA,Ilagan A,Jennings D,Keri R,Nilson J,Hunt PA.Experimental evidence that changes in oocyte growth influence meiotic chromosome segregation.Hum Reprod 2002;17:1171-1180.
10.Sanfins A,Lee GY,Plancha CE,Overstrom EW,Albertini DF.Distinction in meiotic spindle structure and assembly during in vitro and in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes.Biol Reprod 2003;69:2059-2067.
11.Laemmli UK.Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature.1970;227(5259):680-5.
12.Hillier SG.Current concepts of the role of FSH and LH in folliculogenesis.Hum Reprod 1994;9:188-91.
13.Chian PC,Lim JH,Tan SL.State of the art in in-vitro maturation.Curt Opin in Obstet and Gynecot.2004;16,:211-219.
14.Moor RM,Osborn JC,Crosby IM.Gonadotrophin-induced abnormalities in sheep oocytes after superovulation.J Reprod and Fertil.1985;74:167-172.
15.McKieman SH,Bavister BD.Gonadotrophin stimulation of donor female decreases post-implantation viability of cultured one-cell hamster embryos.Hum Reprod.1998;13:724-729.
16.Sakai N,Endo A.Potential teratogenicity of gonadotropin treatment for ovulation induction in the mouse offspring.Teratol.1987;36:229-233.
17.Ertzeid G,Storeng R.The impact of ovarian stimulation on implantation and fetal development in mice.Hum Reprod.2001;16:221-225.
18.Blondin P,Coenen K,Guilbault LA,Sirard MA.Superovulation can reduce the developmental competence of bovine embryos.Theriogenol.1996;46:1191-203.
19.Van der Auwera I,D'Hooghe T.Superovulation of female mice delays embryonic and fetal development.Hum Reprod.200116,1237-1243.
20.Pellestor F.Frequency and distribution of aneuploidy in human female gametes.Hum Genet.1991;86:283-288.
21.Szoltys M,Galas J,Jablonka A,Tabarowski Z.Some morphological and hormonal aspects of ovulation and superovulation in the rat.J Endocrinol.1994;141:91-100.
22.Cha KY,Koo JJ,KO JJ,Choi DH,Han SY,Yoon TK.Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles,their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program.Fertil Steril.1991;55:109-113.
23.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian PC,Buckett WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare,2007:ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ.
24.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
25.Lanzendorf SE.Developmental potential of in vitro- and in vivo-matured human oocytes collected from stimulated and unstimulated ovaries.Fertil Steril.2006;85:836-837.
26.Gary DS.In vitro maturation of oocyte.Current Women's Health Reports.2001;1:143-150.
27.Hunter AG,Moor RM.Stage-dependent effects of inhibiting ribonucleic acids and protein synthesis on meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro.J Dairy Sci.1987 70(8):1646-1651.
28.Sirard MA,Florman HM,Leibfried-Rutledge ML,Bames FL,Sims ML,First NL.Timing of nuclear progression and protein synthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.Biol Reprod.1989;40(6):1257-1263.
29.Levesque JT,Sirard MA.Effects of different kinases and phosphatases on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes.Mol Reprod Develop.1995;42(1):114-21.
30.Dieleman SJ,Kruip TA,Fontijne P,de Jong WH,van der Weyden GC.Changes in oestradiol,progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid and in the micromorphology of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of luteinizing hormone.J Endocrin.1983;97(1):31-42.
31.Chian RC,Ao A,Clarke HJ,Tulandi T,Tan SL.Production of steroids from human cumulus cells treated with different concentrations of gonadotropins during culture in vitro.Fertil Steril.1999;71(1):61-66.
32.Thibault C.Are follicular maturation and oocyte maturation independent processes? J Reprod and FertiL 1977;51:1-15.
33.Combelles CM,Albertini DF.Assessment of oocyte quality following,repeated gonadotropin stimulation in the mouse.Biol of Reprod.2003;68:812-821.
34.Lonergan P,Gutierres-Adan A,Rizos D,Pintad0 B,De La Fuente J and Boland MP.Relative messenger RNA abundance in bovine oocytes collected in vitro or in vivo before and 20 hr after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge.Mol Reprod and Develop.2003;66:297-305.
35.Nimura S,Kawakami SY,Takano H.Changes in the amount of cytoplasmic inclusions in mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation in vivo and in vitro.Reprod Med and Biol.2004;3:231-236.
36.Boni R,Tosti E,Roviello S,Dale B.Intercellular communication in in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos.Biol of Reprod.1999;61:1050-1055.
37.Khurana NK,Niemann H.Energy metabolism in preimplantation bovine embryos derived in vitro or in vivo.Biol of Reprod.2000;62:847-856.
38.Knijn HM,Wrenzycki C,Hendriksen PJ,Vos PL,Herrmann D,Van Der Weijden GC,Niemann H,Dieleman SJ.Effects of oocyte maturation regimen on the relative abundance of gene transcripts in bovine blastocysts derived in vitro or in vivo.Reprod.2002;124(3):365-375.
1.邝素华,龚春柳,吴锐辉,陈仲贤,胡一骏,曾如辉,谢庆东,黄天华。小鼠体外成熟与激素超排卵母细胞核型分析.癌变.畸变.突变。2003;15(3):133-137.
2.Santalo J,Estop AM,Egozcue J,et al.The chromosome complement of first-cleavage mouse embryos after in vitro fertilization.J in Vitro FertiI Embryo Transfe.1986;3:99-105.
3.Hassold TJ.Human aneuploidy:incidence,origin,and etiology.Environ Mol Mutagen.1996;28:167-175.
4.Windt ML,Coetzee K,Kruger TF,Marino H,Kitshoff MS and Sousa M.Ultrastructure evaluation of recurrent and in-vitro maturation resistant metaphase I arrested oocytes.Hum.Reprod 2001;2394-2398.
5.Jae KJ,Eun PS,Wook HS,Thomse K,Min CH,and Yul CK.Spindle and chromosome configurations of in vitro maturation failure metaphase I arrested oocytes collected from PCO patients.Fertil.Steri1.2002;78,s255.
6.Wang WH,Meng L,Hackett RJ,Odenbourg R,Keefe KL.The spindle observation and its relationship with fertilization after ICSI in living human oocytes.Fertil Steril.2001;75:348-353.
7.Catherine MH,Combelles,David F,Albertini and Catherine Racowsky.Distinct microtubule and chromatin characteristics of human oocytes after failed in-vivo and in-vitro meiotic maturation.Hum.Reprod.2003;18:2124-2130.
8.Oldenburge R.Polarized light microscope of spindles.Methods Cell Biol.1999;61:175-208.
9.Liu L,Oldenbourg R,Trimarchi JR,Keefe DL.A reliable,non-invasive technique for spindle imaging and enucleation of mammalian oocytes.Nat Biotechnol.2000;18:223-225.
10.Liu L,Keefe DL.Ageing-associated aberration in meiosis of oocytes from senescence-accelerated mice.Hum Reprod.2002;17:2678-2685.
11.Wang WH,Meng L,Hackett RJ,Keefe DL.Development ability of human oocytes with or without birefringgent spindles imaged by Polscope before insemination.Hum Reprod.2001;16:1464-1468.
12.Moon JH,Hyun CS,Lee SW,Son WY,Yoon SH,Lim JH.Visualization of the metaphase Ⅱmeiotic spindle in living human oocytes using Polscope enables the prediction of embryonic developmental competence alter ICSI.Hum Reprod.2003;18:817-820.
13.Moon JH,Jee BC,Ku SY,Stria CS,Kim SH,Choi YM,Kim JG.Moon SY.Spindle positions and their distributions in in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes.Hum Reprod 2005;20:2207-2210.
14.Adverse effects of gonadotropin treatment on pre- and post-implantation development in mice.J Reprod FertiL 1992;96:649-655.
15.Beaumont HM,Smith AM.Embryonic mortality during the pre- and post-implantation period of pregnancy in mature mice after superovulation.J Reprod Fertil.1975;45:437-448.
16.Sakai N,Endo A.Potential teratogenicity of gonadotropin treatment for ovulation induction in the mouse offspring.Teratol.1987;36:229-233.
17.Hodges CA,Ilagan A,Jennings D,Keri R,Nilson J,Hunt PA.Experimental evidence that changes in oocyte growth influence meiotic chromosome segregation.Hum Reprod.2002;17:1171-1180.
18.Robert R,Iatropoulou A,Ciantar D Follicle-stimulating hormone affects metaphase I chromosome alignment and increases aneuploidy in mouse oocytes matured in vitro.Biol Reprod.2005;72:107-118.
19.Racowsky C,Prather AL,Johnson MK.Prematurely condensed chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities in unfertilized human oocytes after ovarian stimulation with and without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.Fertil Steril.1997;67:932-938.
20.Gras L,McBain J,Trounson A,Kola I.The incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy in stimulated and unstimulated(natural) uninseminated human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1992;7:1396-1401.
21.Wall MB,Marks K,Smith TA,Gearon CM,Muggleton-Harris AL.Cytogenetic and fluorescent in-situ hybridization chromosomal studies on in-vitro fertilized and intracytoplasmic sperm injected 'failed-fertilized' human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2230-2238.
22.Kuliev A,Cieslak J,Ilkevitch Y,Verlinsky Y.Chromosomal abnormalities in a series of 6733 human oocytes in Preimplantation diagnosis for age-related aneuploidies.Reprod Bio Med Online.2003;6:54-95.
23.Battaglia DE,Goodwin P,Klein NA,Soules MR.Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle in oocytes from naturally cycling women.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2217-2222.
24.Combelle CM,Albertini DF.Assessment of oocyte quality following repeated gonadotropin stimulation in the mouse.Biol Reprod 2003;68:812-821.
25.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian RC,Buckett WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare.2007;ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ..
26.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
27.Lanzendorf SE.Developmental potential of in vitro- and in vivo-matured human oocytes collected from stimulated and unstimulated ovaries.Fertil Steril.2006;85:836-837.
28.Li Y,Feng HL,Cao YJ,Zheng GL,Yang Y,Mullen S,Critser JK,Chen ZJ.Confocal microscopic analysis of the spindle and chromosome configurations of human oocytes matured in vitro.Fertil Steril 2006;85:827-832.
29.Sanfins A,Lee GY,Plancha CE,Overstrom EW,Albertini DF.Distinction in meiotic spindle structure and assembly during in vitro and in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes.Biol Reprod.2003;69:2059-2067.
30.Lucena E,Bernal DP,Lucena C and et al.Successful ongoing pregnancy after vitrification of oocyte.Fertil Steril.2006;85:108-111.
31.陈子江,李媛,胡京美,李梅。人卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻的临床应用及成功分娩。中华医学杂志。2006:86(29):2037-40
1.Kwang YC and Chian RC.Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical use[R].Hum Reprod Update.1998,4(2):103-120.
2.Cha KY,Koo JJ,KO JJ,Choi DH,Han SY,Yoon TK.Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles,their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program.Fertil Steril.1991;55:109-113.
3.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian RC,Bucker WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare.2007:ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ.
4.Cha KY,Chung HM,Lee DR et al.Obstetric outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Fertil Steril.2005;83:1461-1465.
5.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
6.Combelles CMH,Cekleniak NA,Racowsky C,Albertini DF.Assessment of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in in-vitro matured human oocytes.Hum Reprod,2002,17(4):1006-1016.
7.Dekel N,Lawrence TS,Gilula NB,Beers WH.Modulation of cell-to-cell communication in the cumulus-oocyte complex and the regulation of oocyte maturation by LH.Dev Biol.1981;86(2):356-362.
8.Fagbohun CF,Downs SM.Metabolic coupling and ligand-stimulated meiotic maturation in the mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complex.Biol Reprod.1991;45(6):851-859.
9.Gautier J,Norbury C,Lohka M,Nurse P,Mailer J.Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+.Cell.1988;54(3),433-439.
10.Josefsberg LB,Galiani D,Lazar S,Kaufman O,Seger R,Dekel N.Maturation-promoting factor governs mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and interphase suppression during meiosis of rat oocytes.Biol Reprod.2003;68(4):1282-1290.
11.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones G.Maturation of human oocytes in vitro and their developmental competence.Reprod.2001;121:51-75.
12.Lorca T,Cruzalegui FH,Fesquet D,Cavadore JC,Méry J,Means A,Dorée M.Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs.Nat.1993;18:366(6452):270-273.
13.Su YQ,Wigglesworth K,Pendola FL,O'Brien MJ,Eppig JJ.Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in cumulus cells is essential for gonadotropin-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and cumulus expansion in the mouse.Endocrin.2002;143(6):2221-2232.
14.Hunter AG,Moor RM.Stage-dependent effects of inhibiting ribonucleic acids and protein synthesis on meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro.J Dairy Sci.1987 70(8):1646-1651.
15.Sirard MA,Florman HM,Leibfried-Rutledge ML,Barnes FL,Sims ML,First NL.Timing of nuclear progression and protein synthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.Biol Reprod.1989;40(6):1257-1263.
16.Dieleman SJ,Kruip TA,Fontijne P,de Jong WH,van der Weyden GC.Changes in oestradiol,progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid and in the micromorphology of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of luteinizing hormone.J Endocrin.1983;97(1):31-42.
17.Bloom AM,Mukherjee BB.RNA synthesis in muturing mouse oocyte.Expl.Cell Res.,1972;74:577-582
18.Telford N,Watson A,Schultz G.Transition from maternal to embryonic control in early mammalian development:A comparison of several species.Mol.Reprod.Dev.1990;26:90-100.
19.Baruffi RL,Avelino KB,Petersen CG;et al.Nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of human oocyte cultured in vitro.FertiL Steril.2004;82[Suppl]:S265-266.
20.Sun QY,Wu GM,Lai L,Park KW,Cabot R,Cheong HT,Day BN,Prather RS,Schatten HTranslocation of active mitochondria during pig oocyte maturation,fertilization and early embryo development in vitro.Reprod.2001;122(1):155-163.
21.Liu S,Li Y,Gao X,Yang HJ,Yan JH,Chen ZJ.Change of the mitochondrial distribution in human oocytes before and after in vitro maturation.Acta Anat.Siniea.2007;38:593-596.
22.Thibault C,Gerard M,Menezo Y.Preovulatory and ovulatory mechanisms in oocyte maturation.J Reprod Fertil.1975;45(3):605-10.
23.Resumption of meiosis:mechanism involved in meiotic progression and its relation with developmental competence.Theriogenol.2001;55(6):1241-1254.
24.Pincus G,Enzmann EV.The comparative behavior of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro.Ⅰ.The activation of ovarian eggs.J Exp Med.1935;62:665-675.
25.Edwards RG,.Maturation in vitroof mouse,sheep,cow,pig,rhesus and human ovarian oocytes.Nat.1965;208:349-351.
26.Trounson A,Wood C,Kausche A.In vitro mayuration and fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes recovered from untreated polysytic ovarian patients.Fertil Steril.1994;72:353-362.
27.Chian RC,Gulekli B,Buckett WM,et al.Priming with human chorionic gonadotropin before retrieval of immature oocytes in women with infertility due to the polysyctic ovary syndrome.N Engl Med.1999;341:1624-1626.
28.Chian RC,Buckett WM,Tulandi T,et al.Prospective randomized study of human chorionic gonadotropin priming before immature oocyte retrieval from unstimulated women with polysystic ovarian syndrome.Hum Reprod.2000;15:165-170.
29.Requena A,Neuspiller F,Cobo AC,Aragonés M,Garíia-Velasco JA,Remohí J,Simon C,Pellicer A.Endocfinological and ultrasonographic variations after immature oocyte retrieval in a natural cycle.Hum Reprog 2001;16(9):1833-1837.
30.Wynn P,Picton HM,Krapez JA,Rutherford AJ,Balen AM,Gosden RG.Pretreatment with follicle stimulating hormone promotes the numbers of human oocytes reaching metaphase Ⅱby in-vitro maturation.Hum Reprod.1998;13:3132-3138.
31.Mikkelsen AL,Smith SD,Lindenberg S.In-vitro maturation of human oocytes from regularly menstruating women maybe successful without follicle stimulating hormone priming.Hum Reprod.1999;14:1749-1751.
32.Mikkelsen AL,Lindenberg S.Benefit of FSH priming of women with PCOS to the in vitro maturation procedure and the outcome: a randomized prospective study. Reprod. 2001; 122: 587-592.
33. Trounson A, Anderiesz C, Jones GM, Kausche A, Lolatgis N, Wood C. Oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod. 1998; 13 (Supplement 3): 52-62.
34. Lin YH, Hwang JL, Huang LW, Mu SC, Seow KM, Chung J, Hsieh BC, Huang SC, Chen CY, Chen PH. Combination of FSH priming and hCG priming for in-vitro maturation of human oocytes. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18: 1632-1636.
35. Russell JB.Immature oocyte retrieval combined with in-vitro oocyte maturation.Hum Reprod. 1998; 13 (Suppl 3): 63-70.
36. Smith LC, Olivera-Angel M, Groome NP, Bhatia B, Price CA. Oocyte quality in small antral follicles in the presence or absence of a large dominant follicle in cattle. J Reprod Fertil. 1996;106(2):193-199.
37. Chian RC, Chung JT, Downey BR, Tan SL. Maturational and developmental competence of immature oocytes retrieved from bovine ovaries at different phases of folliculogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2002; 4(2):127-132.
38. Whitacre KS, Seifer DB, Friedman CI, Coskun S, Kennard EA, Kim MH, Alak BM. Effects of ovarian source, patient age, and menstrual cycle phase on in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(6):1015-1021.
39. Anderiesz C, Ferraretti A, Magli C, Fiorentino A, Fortini D, Gianaroli L, Jones GM, Trounson AO. Effect of recombinant human gonadotrophins on human, bovine and murine oocyte meiosis, fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(5):1140-1148.
40. Izadyar F, Zeinstra E, Bevers MM. Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone act differently on nuclear maturation while both enhance developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev. 1998;51(3): 339-345.
41. Kim MK, Fibrianto YH, Oh HJ, Jang G, Kim HJ, Lee KS, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Effects of estradiol-17beta and progesterone supplementation on in vitro nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Theriogenol. 2005; 63(5):1342-1353.
42. Chian RC, Ao A, Clarke HJ, Tulandi T, Tan SL. Production of steroids from human cumulus cells treated with different concentrations of gonadotropins during culture in vitro. Fertil Steril.1999;71(1):61-66.
43.Sutton ML,Gilchrist RB and Thompson JG.Effects of in-vivo and in-vitro environments on the metabolism of the cumulus-oocyte complex and its influence on oocyte developmental capacity.Hum Reprod Upd.2003;9:35-48.
44.De La Fuente R,O'Brien MJ,Eppig JJ.Epidermal growth factor enhances preimplantation developmental competence of maturing mouse oocytes.Hum Reprod.1999;14(12):3060-3068.
45.Zhao J,Taveme MA,Van Der Weijden GC,Bevers MM,Van Den Hurk R.Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) stimulates the development of cultured rat pre-antral follicles.Mol Reprod Dev.2001;58(3):287-296.
46.Won H,Park E,Lee D,et al.Comparison of basic medium for the in vitro maturation for human oocytes.Fertil Steril.2005;84(Suppl 1):s53.
47.Chian RC,Lim JH,Tan SL.State of the art in in-vitro maturation.Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol.2004;16:211-219.
48.Tan SL,Child TJ,Gulekli B.In vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated ovaries:predicting the number of immature oocytes retrievald by early folliclar phase ultrasonography.Am J Obstet Gynecol.2002;186:684-689.
49.Child TJ,Abdul-Jalil AK,Gulekli B,Tan SL.In vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated normal ovaries,polycystic ovaries,and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Fertil Steril.2001;76(5):936-942.
50.Pellicer A,Lightman A,Diamond MP,Russell JB,DeChemey AH.Outcome of in vitro fertilization in women with low response to ovarian stimulation.Fertil SteriI.1987;47(5):812-815.
51.Liu J,Lu G,Qian Y,et al.Pregnancies and births achieved from in vitro matured oocytes retrieved from poor responders undergoing stimulation in in vitro fertilization cycle.Fertil Steril.2003;80:447-449.
52.Check ML,Brittingham D,Check JH,Choe JK.Pregnancy following transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos that had been a result of fertilization of all in vitro matured metaphase or germinal stage oocytes,case report.Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol.2001;28(2):69-70.
53.Whelan JG 3rd,Vlahos NF.The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Fertil Steril.2002;73:883-896.
54.Chian RC.In vitro maturation of immature oocytes for infertile women with PCOS.Reprod Biol Med online.2004;8:547-552.
55.Yang SH,Son WY,Yoon SH,Ko Y,Lim JH.Correlation between in vitro maturation and expression of LH receptor in cumulus cells of the oocytes collected from PCOS patients in HCG-primed IVM cycles.Hum Reprod.2005;20(8):2097-2103.
56.Tucker MJ,Wright G,Morton P,Masse.Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation.Fertil Steril.1998;70(3):578-579.
57.Mikkelsen AL.Strategies in human in vitro maturation and their clinical outcome.Reprod BioMed Online.2005;20:593-599.
2.Vanderhyden BC,Armstrong DT.Effects of gonadotropins and granulosa cell secretions on the maturation and fertilization of rat oocytes in vitro.Mol Reprod and Dev.1990;26:337-46.
3.Schramm RD,Bavister BD.Follicle-stimulating hormone priming of rhesus monkeys enhances meiotic and developmental competence of oocytes matured in vitro.Biol Reprod.1994;51:904-12.
4.Wynn P,Picton HM,Krapez JA,Rutherford AJ,Balen AH,Gosden RG.Pretreatment with follicle stimulating hormone promotes the numbers of human oocytes reaching metaphase Ⅱby in-vitro maturation.Hum Reprod.1998;13:3132-8.
5.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones G.Maturation of human oocytes in vitro and their developmental competence.Reprod.2001;121:51-75.
6.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones GM,Kausche A,Lolatgis N,Wood C.Oocyte maturation.Hum Reprod 1998;13(Supplement 3):52-62.
7.Delhanty J,Handyside A.The origin of genetic defects in the human and their detection in the preimplantation embryo.Hum Reprod Update.1995;1:210-215.
8.Wall MB,Marks K,Smith TA,Gearon CM,Muggleton-Harris AL.Cytogenetic and fluorescent in-situ hybridization chromosomal studies on in-vitro fertilized and intracytoplasmic sperm injected 'failed-fertilized' human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2230-2238.
9.Hodges CA,Ilagan A,Jennings D,Keri R,Nilson J,Hunt PA.Experimental evidence that changes in oocyte growth influence meiotic chromosome segregation.Hum Reprod 2002;17:1171-1180.
10.Sanfins A,Lee GY,Plancha CE,Overstrom EW,Albertini DF.Distinction in meiotic spindle structure and assembly during in vitro and in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes.Biol Reprod 2003;69:2059-2067.
11.Laemmli UK.Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.Nature.1970;227(5259):680-5.
12.Hillier SG.Current concepts of the role of FSH and LH in folliculogenesis.Hum Reprod 1994;9:188-91.
13.Chian PC,Lim JH,Tan SL.State of the art in in-vitro maturation.Curt Opin in Obstet and Gynecot.2004;16,:211-219.
14.Moor RM,Osborn JC,Crosby IM.Gonadotrophin-induced abnormalities in sheep oocytes after superovulation.J Reprod and Fertil.1985;74:167-172.
15.McKieman SH,Bavister BD.Gonadotrophin stimulation of donor female decreases post-implantation viability of cultured one-cell hamster embryos.Hum Reprod.1998;13:724-729.
16.Sakai N,Endo A.Potential teratogenicity of gonadotropin treatment for ovulation induction in the mouse offspring.Teratol.1987;36:229-233.
17.Ertzeid G,Storeng R.The impact of ovarian stimulation on implantation and fetal development in mice.Hum Reprod.2001;16:221-225.
18.Blondin P,Coenen K,Guilbault LA,Sirard MA.Superovulation can reduce the developmental competence of bovine embryos.Theriogenol.1996;46:1191-203.
19.Van der Auwera I,D'Hooghe T.Superovulation of female mice delays embryonic and fetal development.Hum Reprod.200116,1237-1243.
20.Pellestor F.Frequency and distribution of aneuploidy in human female gametes.Hum Genet.1991;86:283-288.
21.Szoltys M,Galas J,Jablonka A,Tabarowski Z.Some morphological and hormonal aspects of ovulation and superovulation in the rat.J Endocrinol.1994;141:91-100.
22.Cha KY,Koo JJ,KO JJ,Choi DH,Han SY,Yoon TK.Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles,their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program.Fertil Steril.1991;55:109-113.
23.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian PC,Buckett WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare,2007:ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ.
24.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
25.Lanzendorf SE.Developmental potential of in vitro- and in vivo-matured human oocytes collected from stimulated and unstimulated ovaries.Fertil Steril.2006;85:836-837.
26.Gary DS.In vitro maturation of oocyte.Current Women's Health Reports.2001;1:143-150.
27.Hunter AG,Moor RM.Stage-dependent effects of inhibiting ribonucleic acids and protein synthesis on meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro.J Dairy Sci.1987 70(8):1646-1651.
28.Sirard MA,Florman HM,Leibfried-Rutledge ML,Bames FL,Sims ML,First NL.Timing of nuclear progression and protein synthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.Biol Reprod.1989;40(6):1257-1263.
29.Levesque JT,Sirard MA.Effects of different kinases and phosphatases on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of bovine oocytes.Mol Reprod Develop.1995;42(1):114-21.
30.Dieleman SJ,Kruip TA,Fontijne P,de Jong WH,van der Weyden GC.Changes in oestradiol,progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid and in the micromorphology of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of luteinizing hormone.J Endocrin.1983;97(1):31-42.
31.Chian RC,Ao A,Clarke HJ,Tulandi T,Tan SL.Production of steroids from human cumulus cells treated with different concentrations of gonadotropins during culture in vitro.Fertil Steril.1999;71(1):61-66.
32.Thibault C.Are follicular maturation and oocyte maturation independent processes? J Reprod and FertiL 1977;51:1-15.
33.Combelles CM,Albertini DF.Assessment of oocyte quality following,repeated gonadotropin stimulation in the mouse.Biol of Reprod.2003;68:812-821.
34.Lonergan P,Gutierres-Adan A,Rizos D,Pintad0 B,De La Fuente J and Boland MP.Relative messenger RNA abundance in bovine oocytes collected in vitro or in vivo before and 20 hr after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge.Mol Reprod and Develop.2003;66:297-305.
35.Nimura S,Kawakami SY,Takano H.Changes in the amount of cytoplasmic inclusions in mouse oocytes during meiotic maturation in vivo and in vitro.Reprod Med and Biol.2004;3:231-236.
36.Boni R,Tosti E,Roviello S,Dale B.Intercellular communication in in vivo- and in vitro-produced bovine embryos.Biol of Reprod.1999;61:1050-1055.
37.Khurana NK,Niemann H.Energy metabolism in preimplantation bovine embryos derived in vitro or in vivo.Biol of Reprod.2000;62:847-856.
38.Knijn HM,Wrenzycki C,Hendriksen PJ,Vos PL,Herrmann D,Van Der Weijden GC,Niemann H,Dieleman SJ.Effects of oocyte maturation regimen on the relative abundance of gene transcripts in bovine blastocysts derived in vitro or in vivo.Reprod.2002;124(3):365-375.
1.邝素华,龚春柳,吴锐辉,陈仲贤,胡一骏,曾如辉,谢庆东,黄天华。小鼠体外成熟与激素超排卵母细胞核型分析.癌变.畸变.突变。2003;15(3):133-137.
2.Santalo J,Estop AM,Egozcue J,et al.The chromosome complement of first-cleavage mouse embryos after in vitro fertilization.J in Vitro FertiI Embryo Transfe.1986;3:99-105.
3.Hassold TJ.Human aneuploidy:incidence,origin,and etiology.Environ Mol Mutagen.1996;28:167-175.
4.Windt ML,Coetzee K,Kruger TF,Marino H,Kitshoff MS and Sousa M.Ultrastructure evaluation of recurrent and in-vitro maturation resistant metaphase I arrested oocytes.Hum.Reprod 2001;2394-2398.
5.Jae KJ,Eun PS,Wook HS,Thomse K,Min CH,and Yul CK.Spindle and chromosome configurations of in vitro maturation failure metaphase I arrested oocytes collected from PCO patients.Fertil.Steri1.2002;78,s255.
6.Wang WH,Meng L,Hackett RJ,Odenbourg R,Keefe KL.The spindle observation and its relationship with fertilization after ICSI in living human oocytes.Fertil Steril.2001;75:348-353.
7.Catherine MH,Combelles,David F,Albertini and Catherine Racowsky.Distinct microtubule and chromatin characteristics of human oocytes after failed in-vivo and in-vitro meiotic maturation.Hum.Reprod.2003;18:2124-2130.
8.Oldenburge R.Polarized light microscope of spindles.Methods Cell Biol.1999;61:175-208.
9.Liu L,Oldenbourg R,Trimarchi JR,Keefe DL.A reliable,non-invasive technique for spindle imaging and enucleation of mammalian oocytes.Nat Biotechnol.2000;18:223-225.
10.Liu L,Keefe DL.Ageing-associated aberration in meiosis of oocytes from senescence-accelerated mice.Hum Reprod.2002;17:2678-2685.
11.Wang WH,Meng L,Hackett RJ,Keefe DL.Development ability of human oocytes with or without birefringgent spindles imaged by Polscope before insemination.Hum Reprod.2001;16:1464-1468.
12.Moon JH,Hyun CS,Lee SW,Son WY,Yoon SH,Lim JH.Visualization of the metaphase Ⅱmeiotic spindle in living human oocytes using Polscope enables the prediction of embryonic developmental competence alter ICSI.Hum Reprod.2003;18:817-820.
13.Moon JH,Jee BC,Ku SY,Stria CS,Kim SH,Choi YM,Kim JG.Moon SY.Spindle positions and their distributions in in vivo and in vitro matured mouse oocytes.Hum Reprod 2005;20:2207-2210.
14.Adverse effects of gonadotropin treatment on pre- and post-implantation development in mice.J Reprod FertiL 1992;96:649-655.
15.Beaumont HM,Smith AM.Embryonic mortality during the pre- and post-implantation period of pregnancy in mature mice after superovulation.J Reprod Fertil.1975;45:437-448.
16.Sakai N,Endo A.Potential teratogenicity of gonadotropin treatment for ovulation induction in the mouse offspring.Teratol.1987;36:229-233.
17.Hodges CA,Ilagan A,Jennings D,Keri R,Nilson J,Hunt PA.Experimental evidence that changes in oocyte growth influence meiotic chromosome segregation.Hum Reprod.2002;17:1171-1180.
18.Robert R,Iatropoulou A,Ciantar D Follicle-stimulating hormone affects metaphase I chromosome alignment and increases aneuploidy in mouse oocytes matured in vitro.Biol Reprod.2005;72:107-118.
19.Racowsky C,Prather AL,Johnson MK.Prematurely condensed chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities in unfertilized human oocytes after ovarian stimulation with and without gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist.Fertil Steril.1997;67:932-938.
20.Gras L,McBain J,Trounson A,Kola I.The incidence of chromosomal aneuploidy in stimulated and unstimulated(natural) uninseminated human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1992;7:1396-1401.
21.Wall MB,Marks K,Smith TA,Gearon CM,Muggleton-Harris AL.Cytogenetic and fluorescent in-situ hybridization chromosomal studies on in-vitro fertilized and intracytoplasmic sperm injected 'failed-fertilized' human oocytes.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2230-2238.
22.Kuliev A,Cieslak J,Ilkevitch Y,Verlinsky Y.Chromosomal abnormalities in a series of 6733 human oocytes in Preimplantation diagnosis for age-related aneuploidies.Reprod Bio Med Online.2003;6:54-95.
23.Battaglia DE,Goodwin P,Klein NA,Soules MR.Influence of maternal age on meiotic spindle in oocytes from naturally cycling women.Hum Reprod.1996;11:2217-2222.
24.Combelle CM,Albertini DF.Assessment of oocyte quality following repeated gonadotropin stimulation in the mouse.Biol Reprod 2003;68:812-821.
25.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian RC,Buckett WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare.2007;ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ..
26.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
27.Lanzendorf SE.Developmental potential of in vitro- and in vivo-matured human oocytes collected from stimulated and unstimulated ovaries.Fertil Steril.2006;85:836-837.
28.Li Y,Feng HL,Cao YJ,Zheng GL,Yang Y,Mullen S,Critser JK,Chen ZJ.Confocal microscopic analysis of the spindle and chromosome configurations of human oocytes matured in vitro.Fertil Steril 2006;85:827-832.
29.Sanfins A,Lee GY,Plancha CE,Overstrom EW,Albertini DF.Distinction in meiotic spindle structure and assembly during in vitro and in vivo maturation of mouse oocytes.Biol Reprod.2003;69:2059-2067.
30.Lucena E,Bernal DP,Lucena C and et al.Successful ongoing pregnancy after vitrification of oocyte.Fertil Steril.2006;85:108-111.
31.陈子江,李媛,胡京美,李梅。人卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻的临床应用及成功分娩。中华医学杂志。2006:86(29):2037-40
1.Kwang YC and Chian RC.Maturation in vitro of immature human oocytes for clinical use[R].Hum Reprod Update.1998,4(2):103-120.
2.Cha KY,Koo JJ,KO JJ,Choi DH,Han SY,Yoon TK.Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization of human follicular oocytes collected from nonstimulated cycles,their culture in vitro and their transfer in a donor oocyte program.Fertil Steril.1991;55:109-113.
3.Edwards,RG.In-vitro maturation comes of age.In;Tan SL,Chian RC,Bucker WM,eds.In-vitro Maturation of Human Oocytes:Basic science to clinical application.London:Informa healthcare.2007:ⅩⅤ-ⅩⅩ.
4.Cha KY,Chung HM,Lee DR et al.Obstetric outcome of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome treated by in vitro maturation and in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.Fertil Steril.2005;83:1461-1465.
5.Piquette GN.The in vitro maturation(IVM) of human oocytes for in vitro fertilization(IVF):is it time yet to switch to IVM-IVF? Fertil Steril.2006;85:833-835.
6.Combelles CMH,Cekleniak NA,Racowsky C,Albertini DF.Assessment of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in in-vitro matured human oocytes.Hum Reprod,2002,17(4):1006-1016.
7.Dekel N,Lawrence TS,Gilula NB,Beers WH.Modulation of cell-to-cell communication in the cumulus-oocyte complex and the regulation of oocyte maturation by LH.Dev Biol.1981;86(2):356-362.
8.Fagbohun CF,Downs SM.Metabolic coupling and ligand-stimulated meiotic maturation in the mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complex.Biol Reprod.1991;45(6):851-859.
9.Gautier J,Norbury C,Lohka M,Nurse P,Mailer J.Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+.Cell.1988;54(3),433-439.
10.Josefsberg LB,Galiani D,Lazar S,Kaufman O,Seger R,Dekel N.Maturation-promoting factor governs mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and interphase suppression during meiosis of rat oocytes.Biol Reprod.2003;68(4):1282-1290.
11.Trounson A,Anderiesz C,Jones G.Maturation of human oocytes in vitro and their developmental competence.Reprod.2001;121:51-75.
12.Lorca T,Cruzalegui FH,Fesquet D,Cavadore JC,Méry J,Means A,Dorée M.Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs.Nat.1993;18:366(6452):270-273.
13.Su YQ,Wigglesworth K,Pendola FL,O'Brien MJ,Eppig JJ.Mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in cumulus cells is essential for gonadotropin-induced oocyte meiotic resumption and cumulus expansion in the mouse.Endocrin.2002;143(6):2221-2232.
14.Hunter AG,Moor RM.Stage-dependent effects of inhibiting ribonucleic acids and protein synthesis on meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes in vitro.J Dairy Sci.1987 70(8):1646-1651.
15.Sirard MA,Florman HM,Leibfried-Rutledge ML,Barnes FL,Sims ML,First NL.Timing of nuclear progression and protein synthesis necessary for meiotic maturation of bovine oocytes.Biol Reprod.1989;40(6):1257-1263.
16.Dieleman SJ,Kruip TA,Fontijne P,de Jong WH,van der Weyden GC.Changes in oestradiol,progesterone and testosterone concentrations in follicular fluid and in the micromorphology of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of luteinizing hormone.J Endocrin.1983;97(1):31-42.
17.Bloom AM,Mukherjee BB.RNA synthesis in muturing mouse oocyte.Expl.Cell Res.,1972;74:577-582
18.Telford N,Watson A,Schultz G.Transition from maternal to embryonic control in early mammalian development:A comparison of several species.Mol.Reprod.Dev.1990;26:90-100.
19.Baruffi RL,Avelino KB,Petersen CG;et al.Nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of human oocyte cultured in vitro.FertiL Steril.2004;82[Suppl]:S265-266.
20.Sun QY,Wu GM,Lai L,Park KW,Cabot R,Cheong HT,Day BN,Prather RS,Schatten HTranslocation of active mitochondria during pig oocyte maturation,fertilization and early embryo development in vitro.Reprod.2001;122(1):155-163.
21.Liu S,Li Y,Gao X,Yang HJ,Yan JH,Chen ZJ.Change of the mitochondrial distribution in human oocytes before and after in vitro maturation.Acta Anat.Siniea.2007;38:593-596.
22.Thibault C,Gerard M,Menezo Y.Preovulatory and ovulatory mechanisms in oocyte maturation.J Reprod Fertil.1975;45(3):605-10.
23.Resumption of meiosis:mechanism involved in meiotic progression and its relation with developmental competence.Theriogenol.2001;55(6):1241-1254.
24.Pincus G,Enzmann EV.The comparative behavior of mammalian eggs in vivo and in vitro.Ⅰ.The activation of ovarian eggs.J Exp Med.1935;62:665-675.
25.Edwards RG,.Maturation in vitroof mouse,sheep,cow,pig,rhesus and human ovarian oocytes.Nat.1965;208:349-351.
26.Trounson A,Wood C,Kausche A.In vitro mayuration and fertilization and developmental competence of oocytes recovered from untreated polysytic ovarian patients.Fertil Steril.1994;72:353-362.
27.Chian RC,Gulekli B,Buckett WM,et al.Priming with human chorionic gonadotropin before retrieval of immature oocytes in women with infertility due to the polysyctic ovary syndrome.N Engl Med.1999;341:1624-1626.
28.Chian RC,Buckett WM,Tulandi T,et al.Prospective randomized study of human chorionic gonadotropin priming before immature oocyte retrieval from unstimulated women with polysystic ovarian syndrome.Hum Reprod.2000;15:165-170.
29.Requena A,Neuspiller F,Cobo AC,Aragonés M,Garíia-Velasco JA,Remohí J,Simon C,Pellicer A.Endocfinological and ultrasonographic variations after immature oocyte retrieval in a natural cycle.Hum Reprog 2001;16(9):1833-1837.
30.Wynn P,Picton HM,Krapez JA,Rutherford AJ,Balen AM,Gosden RG.Pretreatment with follicle stimulating hormone promotes the numbers of human oocytes reaching metaphase Ⅱby in-vitro maturation.Hum Reprod.1998;13:3132-3138.
31.Mikkelsen AL,Smith SD,Lindenberg S.In-vitro maturation of human oocytes from regularly menstruating women maybe successful without follicle stimulating hormone priming.Hum Reprod.1999;14:1749-1751.
32.Mikkelsen AL,Lindenberg S.Benefit of FSH priming of women with PCOS to the in vitro maturation procedure and the outcome: a randomized prospective study. Reprod. 2001; 122: 587-592.
33. Trounson A, Anderiesz C, Jones GM, Kausche A, Lolatgis N, Wood C. Oocyte maturation. Hum Reprod. 1998; 13 (Supplement 3): 52-62.
34. Lin YH, Hwang JL, Huang LW, Mu SC, Seow KM, Chung J, Hsieh BC, Huang SC, Chen CY, Chen PH. Combination of FSH priming and hCG priming for in-vitro maturation of human oocytes. Hum Reprod. 2003; 18: 1632-1636.
35. Russell JB.Immature oocyte retrieval combined with in-vitro oocyte maturation.Hum Reprod. 1998; 13 (Suppl 3): 63-70.
36. Smith LC, Olivera-Angel M, Groome NP, Bhatia B, Price CA. Oocyte quality in small antral follicles in the presence or absence of a large dominant follicle in cattle. J Reprod Fertil. 1996;106(2):193-199.
37. Chian RC, Chung JT, Downey BR, Tan SL. Maturational and developmental competence of immature oocytes retrieved from bovine ovaries at different phases of folliculogenesis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2002; 4(2):127-132.
38. Whitacre KS, Seifer DB, Friedman CI, Coskun S, Kennard EA, Kim MH, Alak BM. Effects of ovarian source, patient age, and menstrual cycle phase on in vitro maturation of immature human oocytes. Fertil Steril. 1998;70(6):1015-1021.
39. Anderiesz C, Ferraretti A, Magli C, Fiorentino A, Fortini D, Gianaroli L, Jones GM, Trounson AO. Effect of recombinant human gonadotrophins on human, bovine and murine oocyte meiosis, fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Hum Reprod. 2000;15(5):1140-1148.
40. Izadyar F, Zeinstra E, Bevers MM. Follicle-stimulating hormone and growth hormone act differently on nuclear maturation while both enhance developmental competence of in vitro matured bovine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev. 1998;51(3): 339-345.
41. Kim MK, Fibrianto YH, Oh HJ, Jang G, Kim HJ, Lee KS, Kang SK, Lee BC, Hwang WS. Effects of estradiol-17beta and progesterone supplementation on in vitro nuclear maturation of canine oocytes. Theriogenol. 2005; 63(5):1342-1353.
42. Chian RC, Ao A, Clarke HJ, Tulandi T, Tan SL. Production of steroids from human cumulus cells treated with different concentrations of gonadotropins during culture in vitro. Fertil Steril.1999;71(1):61-66.
43.Sutton ML,Gilchrist RB and Thompson JG.Effects of in-vivo and in-vitro environments on the metabolism of the cumulus-oocyte complex and its influence on oocyte developmental capacity.Hum Reprod Upd.2003;9:35-48.
44.De La Fuente R,O'Brien MJ,Eppig JJ.Epidermal growth factor enhances preimplantation developmental competence of maturing mouse oocytes.Hum Reprod.1999;14(12):3060-3068.
45.Zhao J,Taveme MA,Van Der Weijden GC,Bevers MM,Van Den Hurk R.Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) stimulates the development of cultured rat pre-antral follicles.Mol Reprod Dev.2001;58(3):287-296.
46.Won H,Park E,Lee D,et al.Comparison of basic medium for the in vitro maturation for human oocytes.Fertil Steril.2005;84(Suppl 1):s53.
47.Chian RC,Lim JH,Tan SL.State of the art in in-vitro maturation.Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol.2004;16:211-219.
48.Tan SL,Child TJ,Gulekli B.In vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated ovaries:predicting the number of immature oocytes retrievald by early folliclar phase ultrasonography.Am J Obstet Gynecol.2002;186:684-689.
49.Child TJ,Abdul-Jalil AK,Gulekli B,Tan SL.In vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes from unstimulated normal ovaries,polycystic ovaries,and women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Fertil Steril.2001;76(5):936-942.
50.Pellicer A,Lightman A,Diamond MP,Russell JB,DeChemey AH.Outcome of in vitro fertilization in women with low response to ovarian stimulation.Fertil SteriI.1987;47(5):812-815.
51.Liu J,Lu G,Qian Y,et al.Pregnancies and births achieved from in vitro matured oocytes retrieved from poor responders undergoing stimulation in in vitro fertilization cycle.Fertil Steril.2003;80:447-449.
52.Check ML,Brittingham D,Check JH,Choe JK.Pregnancy following transfer of cryopreserved-thawed embryos that had been a result of fertilization of all in vitro matured metaphase or germinal stage oocytes,case report.Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol.2001;28(2):69-70.
53.Whelan JG 3rd,Vlahos NF.The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.Fertil Steril.2002;73:883-896.
54.Chian RC.In vitro maturation of immature oocytes for infertile women with PCOS.Reprod Biol Med online.2004;8:547-552.
55.Yang SH,Son WY,Yoon SH,Ko Y,Lim JH.Correlation between in vitro maturation and expression of LH receptor in cumulus cells of the oocytes collected from PCOS patients in HCG-primed IVM cycles.Hum Reprod.2005;20(8):2097-2103.
56.Tucker MJ,Wright G,Morton P,Masse.Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation.Fertil Steril.1998;70(3):578-579.
57.Mikkelsen AL.Strategies in human in vitro maturation and their clinical outcome.Reprod BioMed Online.2005;20:593-599.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |