聚合物光学纳米线的功能化及微纳光子器件研究
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摘要
光学纳米线,包括玻璃微纳光纤、半导体纳米线、聚合物纳米线等一维纳米结构,是近年来微纳光子学基础研究及器件应用最具代表性的基本结构单元之一。为了实现光学纳米线功能的多元化,并且拓展光学纳米线的门类和应用领域,我们提出了在聚合物光学纳米线中掺杂准零维(如量子点、纳米颗粒)、一维(如碳纳米管)或者二维(如石墨烯)结构的功能纳米材料。通过直接掺杂手段,在保持聚合物纳米线良好的光学导波特性的同时,实现了纳米线的多功能化,并且利用导波手段研究了纳米线内部高效率的光和物质相互作用。
本论文的第一章,综述了光学纳米线的研究背景与现状,包括光学纳米线制备方法和器件应用、微纳光纤的导波特性、聚合物纳米线的功能化及相关微纳光子器件研究等等,并总结了光学纳米线作为一维微纳尺度光波导在微纳光子器件应用方面的独特优势。
本论文的第二章,首先研制了量子点掺杂的聚合物光学纳米线。通过直接拉伸法从量子点掺杂聚合物溶液中制备出量子点分散均匀、光学特性优异的量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线。利用导波的方式研究了量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线的波导损耗(0.2dB/mm)、532nm波长激发光的吸收系数(31cm-1)、荧光自吸收系数(53cm-1)、纳米线中导波荧光光谱红移现象等光学参数和特性,以及相比染料分子高一个数量级的抗光学漂白特性。基于单根导波型量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线,首次验证了一个低功耗(100pW)、快响应速度(90ms)、高灵敏度、长工作寿命的光学纳米线湿度传感器。
本论文的第三章,基于超声剥离的石墨烯分散液,研制了石墨烯掺杂的聚合物光学纳米线,系统研究了纯聚合物纳米线和石墨烯掺杂聚合物纳米线的结构特性以及拉曼光谱特性。利用导波方式研究了纯聚合物纳米线和石墨烯掺杂聚合物纳米线的连续光(1550nm波长激光)损伤阈值、可见-近红外(600-1600nm)线性吸收特性、光学线性吸收系数(633nm和1550nm波长)以及近红外非线性饱和吸收特性(调制深度～10%)。最后,基于该石墨烯掺杂的聚合物纳米线,研制了一维微纳尺度导波型光学可饱和吸收器和光调制器等。
本论文的第四章,研究了微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器。系统地研究了不同CdSe纳米线长度条件下CdSe纳米线多模激光器的激光阈值、多模激光模式数、纵模间隔以及CdSe纳米线多模激光器在不同泵浦条件下的纵模特性,并提出了一种新的控制半导体纳米线激光器激光输出波长的方法。随着单根CdSe纳米线(直径402nm)的长度从289μm变化到8μm,纳米线多模激光器的主峰位置从746nm变化到706nm,跨越约40nm的波长调谐范围。以上实验工作为有可能成为微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器的设计、模式选择和操控提供了借鉴方案。
最后在第五章对本论文的工作进行了总结和展望。基于聚合物光学纳米线功能化的研究工作以及成功研制的微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器,可以实现如光学湿度传感器、光学可饱和吸收器及调制器等一系列导波型一维结构微纳光子器件,该类功能化聚合物光学纳米线及相关微纳光子器件在将来微纳光子集成等方面具有潜在应用价值。
Optical nanofibers/nanowires, including silica and glass nanofibers, semiconductor nanowires, polymer nanofibers, etc. are indispensible building blocks in nanophotonic theoretical research and device/circuit design. Motivated by the realization of optical nanofibers/nanowires with versatile functionalities, by which researchers can expand the categories and practical applications of optical nanofibers/nanowires, we propose to incorporate functionalized nanomateirals (such as quantum dots, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and graphene) into polymer nanofibers to fabricate new kinds of optical nanofibers/nanowires with specific functionalities. By means of direct doping, optical nanofibers/nanowires are endowed with more complicated optical characteristics without sacrificing their low-loss optical waveguiding abilities. Additionally, through micromanipulating functionalized nanofibers/nanowires, we can handle and study nanomaterials (e.g., single quantum dot) with simple manipulations and high accuracies, and investigate high-efficient light-matter interaction in nanofibers/nanowires using a waveguiding scheme. Furthermore, based on above works, we successfully realize a series of waveguiding-type one-dimentional nanophotonic devices such as semiconductor nanowire lasers, optical humidity sensors, optical saturable absorbers and modulators.
In the first chapter of this thesis, we summarize the research background and recent advances of optical nanofibers/nanowires, including systhesis and applications of optical nanofibers/nanowires. optical waveguiding properties of optical nanofibers, functionalization of polymer nanofibers and corresponding nanophotonic device design. In addition, we also emphasize on the unique advantages of optical nanofibers/nanowires in one-dimentional waveguide-type nanophotonic devices and applications.
In the second chapter, we synthesize optical quality quantum-dot-doped polymer nanofibers by physically drawing solvated polymers doped with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Quantum dots are doped into polymer nanofibers with good dispersity while maintaining the excellent structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanofibers. We apply a waveguiding approach to investigate optical properties of quantum-dot-doped polymer nanofibers, including waveguiding loss (0.2dB/mm),absorption coefficient (31cm-1@532nm), self-absorption coefficient (53cm-1), self-absorption induced redshift in waveguiding photoluminescence spectra and the photobleaching characteristics. As an application of the above-mentioned functionalized nanofibers, we first demonstrate a quantum-dot-activated nanofiber optical sensor for humidity detection with extremely low power consumption (100pW), very fast response (90ms). high sensitivity and long-term stability.
In the third chapter, we synthesize graphene-doped polymer nanofibers based on liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. We carefully compare the structural properties and Raman spectra of graphene-doped polymer nanofibers with pure polymer nanofibers. Similar to the work mentioned in the second part, we adopt a waveguiding scheme to investigate the optical properties of pure polymer nanofibers and graphene-doped polymer nanofibers, including optical damage thresholds (1550-nm continuous-wave laser), visible-near infrared absorption spectra (600nm-1600nm). linear optical absorption coefficients (@633nm and1550nm) and nonlinear saturable absorption properties (modulation depth～10%). Based on single graphene-doped polymer nanofibers. we demonstrate one dimentional waveguide-type nanophotonic devices such as optical saturable absorbers and modulators.
In the fourth chapter, we investigate multi-longitudinal mode lasing properties in semiconductor nanowire lasers. Based on the enhanced exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon coupling strength in semiconductor nanowires, we propose a new optical mechanism to control the nanowire lasing output wavelengths. The Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) nanowire (diameter-402nm) dominant lasing wavelength is continuously tuned from746nm to706nm as the length of CdSe nanowires decrease from289μm to8μm, spanning a wavelength range of about40nm. In addition, we systematically explore the nanowire-length-dependent lasing thresholds, mode numbers, mode spacing and multi-longitidinal mode lasing characteristics under different pumping influences. Our work is applicable in lasing wavelength selection and manipulation of various semiconductor nanowire lasers.
Finally in the fifth chapter, the summary and prospect of our work are presented. Based on the research of functionalized polymer nanofibers for nanophotonic devices and applications, as well as the semiconductor nanowire lasers, we successfully demonstrate a series of waveguide-type one-dimentional nanophotonic devices such as single-nanofiber optical humidity sensors, single-nanofiber optical saturable absorbers and optical modulators. These functionalized polymer nanofibers and corresponding nanophotonic devices may find potential applications in future nanophotonic integrated circuits and chips.
本论文的第一章,综述了光学纳米线的研究背景与现状,包括光学纳米线制备方法和器件应用、微纳光纤的导波特性、聚合物纳米线的功能化及相关微纳光子器件研究等等,并总结了光学纳米线作为一维微纳尺度光波导在微纳光子器件应用方面的独特优势。
本论文的第二章,首先研制了量子点掺杂的聚合物光学纳米线。通过直接拉伸法从量子点掺杂聚合物溶液中制备出量子点分散均匀、光学特性优异的量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线。利用导波的方式研究了量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线的波导损耗(0.2dB/mm)、532nm波长激发光的吸收系数(31cm-1)、荧光自吸收系数(53cm-1)、纳米线中导波荧光光谱红移现象等光学参数和特性,以及相比染料分子高一个数量级的抗光学漂白特性。基于单根导波型量子点掺杂聚合物纳米线,首次验证了一个低功耗(100pW)、快响应速度(90ms)、高灵敏度、长工作寿命的光学纳米线湿度传感器。
本论文的第三章,基于超声剥离的石墨烯分散液,研制了石墨烯掺杂的聚合物光学纳米线,系统研究了纯聚合物纳米线和石墨烯掺杂聚合物纳米线的结构特性以及拉曼光谱特性。利用导波方式研究了纯聚合物纳米线和石墨烯掺杂聚合物纳米线的连续光(1550nm波长激光)损伤阈值、可见-近红外(600-1600nm)线性吸收特性、光学线性吸收系数(633nm和1550nm波长)以及近红外非线性饱和吸收特性(调制深度～10%)。最后,基于该石墨烯掺杂的聚合物纳米线,研制了一维微纳尺度导波型光学可饱和吸收器和光调制器等。
本论文的第四章,研究了微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器。系统地研究了不同CdSe纳米线长度条件下CdSe纳米线多模激光器的激光阈值、多模激光模式数、纵模间隔以及CdSe纳米线多模激光器在不同泵浦条件下的纵模特性,并提出了一种新的控制半导体纳米线激光器激光输出波长的方法。随着单根CdSe纳米线(直径402nm)的长度从289μm变化到8μm,纳米线多模激光器的主峰位置从746nm变化到706nm,跨越约40nm的波长调谐范围。以上实验工作为有可能成为微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器的设计、模式选择和操控提供了借鉴方案。
最后在第五章对本论文的工作进行了总结和展望。基于聚合物光学纳米线功能化的研究工作以及成功研制的微纳尺度可集成光源—半导体纳米线激光器,可以实现如光学湿度传感器、光学可饱和吸收器及调制器等一系列导波型一维结构微纳光子器件,该类功能化聚合物光学纳米线及相关微纳光子器件在将来微纳光子集成等方面具有潜在应用价值。
Optical nanofibers/nanowires, including silica and glass nanofibers, semiconductor nanowires, polymer nanofibers, etc. are indispensible building blocks in nanophotonic theoretical research and device/circuit design. Motivated by the realization of optical nanofibers/nanowires with versatile functionalities, by which researchers can expand the categories and practical applications of optical nanofibers/nanowires, we propose to incorporate functionalized nanomateirals (such as quantum dots, nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and graphene) into polymer nanofibers to fabricate new kinds of optical nanofibers/nanowires with specific functionalities. By means of direct doping, optical nanofibers/nanowires are endowed with more complicated optical characteristics without sacrificing their low-loss optical waveguiding abilities. Additionally, through micromanipulating functionalized nanofibers/nanowires, we can handle and study nanomaterials (e.g., single quantum dot) with simple manipulations and high accuracies, and investigate high-efficient light-matter interaction in nanofibers/nanowires using a waveguiding scheme. Furthermore, based on above works, we successfully realize a series of waveguiding-type one-dimentional nanophotonic devices such as semiconductor nanowire lasers, optical humidity sensors, optical saturable absorbers and modulators.
In the first chapter of this thesis, we summarize the research background and recent advances of optical nanofibers/nanowires, including systhesis and applications of optical nanofibers/nanowires. optical waveguiding properties of optical nanofibers, functionalization of polymer nanofibers and corresponding nanophotonic device design. In addition, we also emphasize on the unique advantages of optical nanofibers/nanowires in one-dimentional waveguide-type nanophotonic devices and applications.
In the second chapter, we synthesize optical quality quantum-dot-doped polymer nanofibers by physically drawing solvated polymers doped with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Quantum dots are doped into polymer nanofibers with good dispersity while maintaining the excellent structural and mechanical properties of polymer nanofibers. We apply a waveguiding approach to investigate optical properties of quantum-dot-doped polymer nanofibers, including waveguiding loss (0.2dB/mm),absorption coefficient (31cm-1@532nm), self-absorption coefficient (53cm-1), self-absorption induced redshift in waveguiding photoluminescence spectra and the photobleaching characteristics. As an application of the above-mentioned functionalized nanofibers, we first demonstrate a quantum-dot-activated nanofiber optical sensor for humidity detection with extremely low power consumption (100pW), very fast response (90ms). high sensitivity and long-term stability.
In the third chapter, we synthesize graphene-doped polymer nanofibers based on liquid-phase exfoliated graphene. We carefully compare the structural properties and Raman spectra of graphene-doped polymer nanofibers with pure polymer nanofibers. Similar to the work mentioned in the second part, we adopt a waveguiding scheme to investigate the optical properties of pure polymer nanofibers and graphene-doped polymer nanofibers, including optical damage thresholds (1550-nm continuous-wave laser), visible-near infrared absorption spectra (600nm-1600nm). linear optical absorption coefficients (@633nm and1550nm) and nonlinear saturable absorption properties (modulation depth～10%). Based on single graphene-doped polymer nanofibers. we demonstrate one dimentional waveguide-type nanophotonic devices such as optical saturable absorbers and modulators.
In the fourth chapter, we investigate multi-longitudinal mode lasing properties in semiconductor nanowire lasers. Based on the enhanced exciton-exciton and exciton-phonon coupling strength in semiconductor nanowires, we propose a new optical mechanism to control the nanowire lasing output wavelengths. The Cadmium Selenide (CdSe) nanowire (diameter-402nm) dominant lasing wavelength is continuously tuned from746nm to706nm as the length of CdSe nanowires decrease from289μm to8μm, spanning a wavelength range of about40nm. In addition, we systematically explore the nanowire-length-dependent lasing thresholds, mode numbers, mode spacing and multi-longitidinal mode lasing characteristics under different pumping influences. Our work is applicable in lasing wavelength selection and manipulation of various semiconductor nanowire lasers.
Finally in the fifth chapter, the summary and prospect of our work are presented. Based on the research of functionalized polymer nanofibers for nanophotonic devices and applications, as well as the semiconductor nanowire lasers, we successfully demonstrate a series of waveguide-type one-dimentional nanophotonic devices such as single-nanofiber optical humidity sensors, single-nanofiber optical saturable absorbers and optical modulators. These functionalized polymer nanofibers and corresponding nanophotonic devices may find potential applications in future nanophotonic integrated circuits and chips.
引文
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