朝阳沟、头台油田低渗透水淹层测井解释方法研究
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摘要
本文分别以松辽盆地北部大庆长垣东部的朝阳沟油田、头台油田为重点,利用常规测井等资料,针对松辽盆地外围低渗透水淹层测井解释中存在的主要问题开展研究,形成了针对松辽盆地北部大庆长垣东部低渗透油层的水淹层测井系列,适用于松辽盆地北部大庆长垣东部不同区块、不同储层的水淹层测井解释技术。
对朝阳沟油田、头台油田13口井21层进行了应用,水淹层解释符合率达到84%以上,效果较好。
通过对前人工作的学习和总结,本文的创新点主要体现在以下几方面:一是依据模拟地层条件下的储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率岩心实验结果,揭示了低渗透油田注水开发后,储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率变化的规律;二是建立了利用测井资料确定储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率方法;三是建立了低渗透水淹层含水饱和度模型。
Most oil fields in China are continental deposits. The reservoirs are heterogeneous and lack of natural energy. So they are exploited mainly by water injection and extraction. China is the world’s highest proportion of water injection wells and the reserves of water injection wells is more than 85% of total reserves. Since the last decade, no major new oil field has been discovered. Stable development of crude oil is largely dependent on controlling water, stabilizing the oil and comprehensive measure such as tapping the potential. Most oil fields have entered the high-water stage whether from the water composition in oil extraction wells, or from the oil production constitutes.
After 90 years of the 20th century, the fields according to their characteristics, have carried out studies on mechanisms of flooding, and get some new knowledge. Yi-Ren Fan extended non-symmetrical“U”curve to“U”,“S”,“L”3 patterns because the injected water salinity is different. Later, with the updated experimental apparatus and perfect experimental methods, a number of new projects are carried out, such as the induced polarization potential experiments, membrane potential experiments, the experiments of dispersion characteristics for rock resistivity. They provide some help to water-flooded mechanism and the practical interpretation of the water-flooded layer.
There are some inconsistencies in laboratory, theoretical simulation and practical application of water-flooded layer log evaluation. Yang Jingjiang, etc. focus on the mechanism of water-flooded in Daqing oil field and the current flooding logging prominent issues in theoretical thinking and analysis in order to make further explanation on the conflicts of water-flooded mechanism and practical application. In the experiment of water-flooded mechanism, the author explicated the S change regularity of the resistivity of core in the course of fresh water displacement process, through the analysis of different contributions of connate water and injected water. After multidisciplinary analysis on the regulation of water-flooded mechanism, sealed core data analysis and practical electrical logging data, the author concluded that the resistivity of water-flooded layer presents the tendency of declination in Daqing Lasaxing oilfield under the current condition of produced water re-injection. Through core data statistics of the declination rules of chlorate at different water flushed levels, the author summed up influential factors on the resistivity variance of water-flooded layers in water-flooded fields, and pointed it out that the dissolution of mixed fluid to chlorate should not be overlooked. The main factor which causes reservoir resistivity high or low is different of accumulation dynamics condition, which also is the main reason causing distribution of irreducible water in different pore tupes.Under the similar condition of reservoir physical property, the reservoir resistivity declines graduslly with the increasing of irreducible water saturation. The microcosmic displacement mechanism of water wet rock can be considered as the reverse process of reservoir accumulation. The law of water-drive electric property can be got from the changes of the resistivity rate in rock electrical parameters experiments. In macro level, water cut plot of reservoir with good physical property presents the characteristic of slowly rising period, while that of poor reservoir shows steep rise.
Some layers of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields, east of Daqing Placanticline, have been flooded since they were exploited by water injection in 1986. The moisture content is 55% (the main block of oil field exploitation). However, there is still residual oil because of the inequality between the injection and extraction, large interlayer interference and the inefficient exploitation. Therefore the research on east oilfield interpretation measure to evaluate residual oil appropriately is very important. At present these areas of low reservoir porosity, low permeability, low oil saturation, high irreducible water saturation, have low oil resistivity. Water-flooded layer can not be identified easily because the resistivity dose not descend obviously after flooded and the calcic layer results in high resistivity. The fissure existing in reservoir can make water-flooded suddently. For these reasons, causing the perforation of wells in the encryption, mistakenly flooded when the reservoir level to open fire, killing all wells with high water content (oilfield production in 2001, 30 wells, 5 wells with high water content; the first oil field in Taiwan 2002, 11 production wells, 3 wells with high water content). The eastern oil fields account for 60-70% of the external field, thus the output of eastern oil fields in the periphery play a vital role. However, the first station, there is no flooding oilfield Logging interpretation, and thus according to the field lithology, physical characteristics of a developed oil field flooded layer adapted to the log interpretation method for the preparation of programs to provide accurate perforation basic information to meet the needs of oil field development and production, very necessary.
Fuyu layer is the main layer of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields which have low permeability.The sedimentary environment is mainly fluvial, delta plain facies and shallow lake facies. The development consists of fluvial sand body, delta distributary channel sand plain sand, underwater distributary channel and delta front sheet sand. The layer mostly has siltstone and fine sandstone which is slim granule and has high mud content. The composition of the minerals is feldspar, debris and quartz. The large proportion is feldspar and debris. The layer has low maturity. Feldspar is soluble, easily broken by mechanical compaction and filling with the pores of sandstone, but also easy to be dissolved to form a porous, elastic easy to press, easy deformation, easily compacted into a dense rock that decrease the rock's permeability. Due to the lithology, sedimentary facies, micro-structure and control of faults and other factors, Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields are low-permeability oil fields lithology, lithologic - structural reservoir. The relationship between oil and water is complex. The mechanism and washing conditions are more complex after water injection and water-flooded. It is difficult to interpretate the grade of water-flooded layer.
This paper studies of the the logging theory of water-flooded layer based on the use of domestic logging data, according to the external Chaoyanggou, Toutai Oilfield which has low porosity, low permeability, high clay, high calcium, high bound water, low oil saturation and other geological paper proposes the use of log interpretation methods of identification of flooded layer. It proposes the interpretation methods of identification flooded layer and establishes water-flooded platform of quantitative interpretation chart of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields by using logging curves. It also carrys on core experiment about the reservoir rock wettability and relative permeability and establishes methods to determine reservoir wettability and relative permeability by using logging data. Composite water-flooded interpretation method is established by using logging parameters and the compliance rate of interpretation is 83% or more. It will provide a reference for encrypting well programs and preparation programs reasonably in the external Changyuan of Daqing oil field in the future.
对朝阳沟油田、头台油田13口井21层进行了应用,水淹层解释符合率达到84%以上,效果较好。
通过对前人工作的学习和总结,本文的创新点主要体现在以下几方面:一是依据模拟地层条件下的储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率岩心实验结果,揭示了低渗透油田注水开发后,储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率变化的规律;二是建立了利用测井资料确定储层岩石润湿性和相对渗透率方法;三是建立了低渗透水淹层含水饱和度模型。
Most oil fields in China are continental deposits. The reservoirs are heterogeneous and lack of natural energy. So they are exploited mainly by water injection and extraction. China is the world’s highest proportion of water injection wells and the reserves of water injection wells is more than 85% of total reserves. Since the last decade, no major new oil field has been discovered. Stable development of crude oil is largely dependent on controlling water, stabilizing the oil and comprehensive measure such as tapping the potential. Most oil fields have entered the high-water stage whether from the water composition in oil extraction wells, or from the oil production constitutes.
After 90 years of the 20th century, the fields according to their characteristics, have carried out studies on mechanisms of flooding, and get some new knowledge. Yi-Ren Fan extended non-symmetrical“U”curve to“U”,“S”,“L”3 patterns because the injected water salinity is different. Later, with the updated experimental apparatus and perfect experimental methods, a number of new projects are carried out, such as the induced polarization potential experiments, membrane potential experiments, the experiments of dispersion characteristics for rock resistivity. They provide some help to water-flooded mechanism and the practical interpretation of the water-flooded layer.
There are some inconsistencies in laboratory, theoretical simulation and practical application of water-flooded layer log evaluation. Yang Jingjiang, etc. focus on the mechanism of water-flooded in Daqing oil field and the current flooding logging prominent issues in theoretical thinking and analysis in order to make further explanation on the conflicts of water-flooded mechanism and practical application. In the experiment of water-flooded mechanism, the author explicated the S change regularity of the resistivity of core in the course of fresh water displacement process, through the analysis of different contributions of connate water and injected water. After multidisciplinary analysis on the regulation of water-flooded mechanism, sealed core data analysis and practical electrical logging data, the author concluded that the resistivity of water-flooded layer presents the tendency of declination in Daqing Lasaxing oilfield under the current condition of produced water re-injection. Through core data statistics of the declination rules of chlorate at different water flushed levels, the author summed up influential factors on the resistivity variance of water-flooded layers in water-flooded fields, and pointed it out that the dissolution of mixed fluid to chlorate should not be overlooked. The main factor which causes reservoir resistivity high or low is different of accumulation dynamics condition, which also is the main reason causing distribution of irreducible water in different pore tupes.Under the similar condition of reservoir physical property, the reservoir resistivity declines graduslly with the increasing of irreducible water saturation. The microcosmic displacement mechanism of water wet rock can be considered as the reverse process of reservoir accumulation. The law of water-drive electric property can be got from the changes of the resistivity rate in rock electrical parameters experiments. In macro level, water cut plot of reservoir with good physical property presents the characteristic of slowly rising period, while that of poor reservoir shows steep rise.
Some layers of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields, east of Daqing Placanticline, have been flooded since they were exploited by water injection in 1986. The moisture content is 55% (the main block of oil field exploitation). However, there is still residual oil because of the inequality between the injection and extraction, large interlayer interference and the inefficient exploitation. Therefore the research on east oilfield interpretation measure to evaluate residual oil appropriately is very important. At present these areas of low reservoir porosity, low permeability, low oil saturation, high irreducible water saturation, have low oil resistivity. Water-flooded layer can not be identified easily because the resistivity dose not descend obviously after flooded and the calcic layer results in high resistivity. The fissure existing in reservoir can make water-flooded suddently. For these reasons, causing the perforation of wells in the encryption, mistakenly flooded when the reservoir level to open fire, killing all wells with high water content (oilfield production in 2001, 30 wells, 5 wells with high water content; the first oil field in Taiwan 2002, 11 production wells, 3 wells with high water content). The eastern oil fields account for 60-70% of the external field, thus the output of eastern oil fields in the periphery play a vital role. However, the first station, there is no flooding oilfield Logging interpretation, and thus according to the field lithology, physical characteristics of a developed oil field flooded layer adapted to the log interpretation method for the preparation of programs to provide accurate perforation basic information to meet the needs of oil field development and production, very necessary.
Fuyu layer is the main layer of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields which have low permeability.The sedimentary environment is mainly fluvial, delta plain facies and shallow lake facies. The development consists of fluvial sand body, delta distributary channel sand plain sand, underwater distributary channel and delta front sheet sand. The layer mostly has siltstone and fine sandstone which is slim granule and has high mud content. The composition of the minerals is feldspar, debris and quartz. The large proportion is feldspar and debris. The layer has low maturity. Feldspar is soluble, easily broken by mechanical compaction and filling with the pores of sandstone, but also easy to be dissolved to form a porous, elastic easy to press, easy deformation, easily compacted into a dense rock that decrease the rock's permeability. Due to the lithology, sedimentary facies, micro-structure and control of faults and other factors, Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields are low-permeability oil fields lithology, lithologic - structural reservoir. The relationship between oil and water is complex. The mechanism and washing conditions are more complex after water injection and water-flooded. It is difficult to interpretate the grade of water-flooded layer.
This paper studies of the the logging theory of water-flooded layer based on the use of domestic logging data, according to the external Chaoyanggou, Toutai Oilfield which has low porosity, low permeability, high clay, high calcium, high bound water, low oil saturation and other geological paper proposes the use of log interpretation methods of identification of flooded layer. It proposes the interpretation methods of identification flooded layer and establishes water-flooded platform of quantitative interpretation chart of Chaoyanggou and Toutai oilfields by using logging curves. It also carrys on core experiment about the reservoir rock wettability and relative permeability and establishes methods to determine reservoir wettability and relative permeability by using logging data. Composite water-flooded interpretation method is established by using logging parameters and the compliance rate of interpretation is 83% or more. It will provide a reference for encrypting well programs and preparation programs reasonably in the external Changyuan of Daqing oil field in the future.
引文
[1]范宜仁,邓少贵,刘兵开.淡水驱替过程中的岩石电阻率实验研究[J].测井技术.1997,21(4):235-240
[2] Carlos A,Grattoni and Richard A. Dawe. The Effect of Differences of Multiphase Spatial Distributions on the Electrical Properties of Porous Media The Log Analyst, 7~8,1986: 47~59
[3]杨景强,马宏宇,刘如红,杨青山.对水淹层测井评价中几个问题的认识[J].测井技术.2009,33(6):511-516
[4]B. M. Elashahab, X. D. Jing and J. S. Archer The Effects of Temperature and Wettability on Resistivity Index Measurements on Rocks Samples SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium AAA, 1995
[5]Anderson. Wettability Literature Survey—Part3: The Effects of Wettability on the Electrical Properties of Porous Media. JPT, Dec.1986
[6]王亚丽,杨晓东.多种测井信息在水淹层解释中的应用[J].中国石油集团测井有限公司测井解释技术优秀论文集255-259
[7]谭廷栋.中国水驱油田测井新进展[J].测井技术,1997,21(4):235-240.
[8]岳兴举,马德华.朝阳沟油田水淹层评价方法研究,大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(2),55-58
[9]刘传平,杨青山.薄差层水淹层测井解释技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发2004,23(5),118-120
[10]杜宗君,荆万学.利用测井资料定量计算水淹层地层水电阻率[J].测井技术,1999,23(1),43-45
[11]陈立萍,徐仁起.低渗油藏高含水期水淹层测井解释方法[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(3),58-59
[12]雷从众,袁述武.特低渗透裂缝砾岩油藏水淹层识别技术[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(12),13-14
[13]邓刚,刘江.大庆油田含钙薄互储层水淹层判别方法[J].测井技术,2007,31(5),447-451
[14]姜鹏飞,孙红.扶余油田水淹层岩石物理相电阻率下降解释方法[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2007,22(4),56-59
[15]王超,蔡敏.大庆西部低渗透水淹层识别方法研究[J].石油天然气学报2008,30(3下) 249-252
[16]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].石油大学出版社
[17]赵培华.油田开发水淹层测井解释技术[M].石油工业出版社
[18]Lweis, M. G, et al. Techniques for Measuring the Electrical Properties of Sandstone Cores. SPE 18178, 1988
[19]Jing, X. D,Archer, J.S, and Daltabam, T.S. The use of Synthetic Shaly Samples for the Study of Rock Electrical Properties at Reservoir Conditions. International meeting on well logging Techniques, Beijing, China,1990
[20]Wei Jun-Zhi and Lile, O.B. Hysteresis of the Resistivity Index in Berea Sandstone, European Core Analysis Symposiam, Eurocas 1, London, 1990
[2] Carlos A,Grattoni and Richard A. Dawe. The Effect of Differences of Multiphase Spatial Distributions on the Electrical Properties of Porous Media The Log Analyst, 7~8,1986: 47~59
[3]杨景强,马宏宇,刘如红,杨青山.对水淹层测井评价中几个问题的认识[J].测井技术.2009,33(6):511-516
[4]B. M. Elashahab, X. D. Jing and J. S. Archer The Effects of Temperature and Wettability on Resistivity Index Measurements on Rocks Samples SPWLA 36th Annual Logging Symposium AAA, 1995
[5]Anderson. Wettability Literature Survey—Part3: The Effects of Wettability on the Electrical Properties of Porous Media. JPT, Dec.1986
[6]王亚丽,杨晓东.多种测井信息在水淹层解释中的应用[J].中国石油集团测井有限公司测井解释技术优秀论文集255-259
[7]谭廷栋.中国水驱油田测井新进展[J].测井技术,1997,21(4):235-240.
[8]岳兴举,马德华.朝阳沟油田水淹层评价方法研究,大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(2),55-58
[9]刘传平,杨青山.薄差层水淹层测井解释技术研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发2004,23(5),118-120
[10]杜宗君,荆万学.利用测井资料定量计算水淹层地层水电阻率[J].测井技术,1999,23(1),43-45
[11]陈立萍,徐仁起.低渗油藏高含水期水淹层测井解释方法[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(3),58-59
[12]雷从众,袁述武.特低渗透裂缝砾岩油藏水淹层识别技术[J].油气田地面工程,2007,26(12),13-14
[13]邓刚,刘江.大庆油田含钙薄互储层水淹层判别方法[J].测井技术,2007,31(5),447-451
[14]姜鹏飞,孙红.扶余油田水淹层岩石物理相电阻率下降解释方法[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版)2007,22(4),56-59
[15]王超,蔡敏.大庆西部低渗透水淹层识别方法研究[J].石油天然气学报2008,30(3下) 249-252
[16]雍世和,张超谟.测井数据处理与综合解释[M].石油大学出版社
[17]赵培华.油田开发水淹层测井解释技术[M].石油工业出版社
[18]Lweis, M. G, et al. Techniques for Measuring the Electrical Properties of Sandstone Cores. SPE 18178, 1988
[19]Jing, X. D,Archer, J.S, and Daltabam, T.S. The use of Synthetic Shaly Samples for the Study of Rock Electrical Properties at Reservoir Conditions. International meeting on well logging Techniques, Beijing, China,1990
[20]Wei Jun-Zhi and Lile, O.B. Hysteresis of the Resistivity Index in Berea Sandstone, European Core Analysis Symposiam, Eurocas 1, London, 1990