松辽盆地北部泉三四段成岩研究与储层评价
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摘要
本文在全面搜集和梳理松辽盆地北部泉三四段储层分析化验资料的基础上,进行了一些新的测试工作,研究了松辽盆地北部泉三四段的成岩作用。泥岩的成岩作用相对简单,只有粘土矿物转化和有机质热演化,但它们却控制着成岩环境的酸碱度和砂岩的成岩作用。松辽盆地北部泉三四段砂岩的成岩作用有机械压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用等,但使储层孔隙度减小的主要成岩作用是压实作用,其次是胶结作用。储层的填隙物主要是泥质和碳酸盐胶结物。溶蚀作用可以形成次生孔隙,改善储层的物性,松辽盆地北部泉三四段的次生孔隙主要由长石、岩屑和碳酸盐胶结物的溶蚀作用形成,而且长石的溶蚀作用强于碳酸盐。吉布斯自由能的计算表明,长石越深越易溶,方解石和浊沸石越深越难溶;长石比方解石和浊沸石都易溶;3000±m以上方解石比浊沸石难溶,以下方解石比浊沸石易溶。
在普通薄片镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、铸体薄片、包裹体均一温度、镜质组反射率、孢粉颜色、X-衍射和热解分析的基础上,依据石油行业碎屑岩成岩阶段划分规范,松辽盆地北部泉三四段的碎屑岩成岩作用可划分为早成岩阶段A期、B期,中成岩阶段A1亚期、A2亚期和B期两个阶段五个(亚)期,其底界埋深分别为400±m、900±m、1300±m、2350±m和>2350±m。
根据松辽盆地北部泉三四段储层的物性和其他参数,将其分为四类,Ⅰ类储集层主要分布在近物源方向,且埋藏深度相对较浅的地区,如北部倾没区、东北隆起区、西部斜坡区;同一层位的其他各类储集层亦从近盆地边部向中心由好逐渐变差。大庆长垣以西是泉三四段储集层发育相对最差的地区,属Ⅲ-Ⅳ储集层。
松辽盆地北部泉三四段在纵向上发育三个异常高孔带,其深度范围分别为300～700m、750～1450m、1500～2350m;第Ⅰ高孔带主要由大气水淋滤形成,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ高孔带则主要由有机酸溶蚀形成,粘土矿物脱水过程中排放的H+也有一定贡献。通过叠加成岩相图与沉积相图,圈定了有利储层发育区,ID<0.71,成岩相为早期机械压实胶结相和溶蚀相,且沉积相带为河道、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、水上分流河道和水下分流河道的砂体发育区为有利储层发育区。
On the basis of completely collecting the test data of Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin, we have done more tests and studied the diageneses of the region. Diageneses of mudstones are relatively simple, no more than the transformation of clay minerals and the thermal evolution of organic matter, but they control pH of diagenetic environments and diageneses of sandstones. Diageneses of sandstones in Quan3 and Quan4 members include mechanical compaction, pressure solution, cementation and dissolution. Both compactions and cementations diminish the porosity of the reservoirs, but compaction is more important than cementation in the basin. The pore-fillings of the reservoirs are dominantly clay minerals and carbonate cements. Dissolutions generate secondary pores and enhance the porosity and permeability. Materials dissolved in Quan3 and Quan4 members are feldspars, debris and carbonate cements, but the dissolutions of feldspars are more intense than those of carbonates. Calculation of Gibbs free energy shows that feldspar dissolving becomes easier and easier with the depth increasing, while calcites and laumontites are opposite. Feldspar dissolving is much easier than calcites and laumontites do. Above 3000±m calcite dissolving is harder than laumontites do, otherwise, the result is opposite.
Based on the test data of thin sections, SEM, epoxy resin-impregnated thin sections, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions, Ro, the diageneses of clastic rocks in Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin can be divided into stage A and B of early diagenesis, stage A1, A2 and B of middle diagenesis, their bottom depths are 400±m, 900±m, 1300±m, 2350±m and even deeper respectively.
Considering the porosity and permeability and other factors of the reservoirs of Quan3 and Quan4 members in Northern Songliao Basin, the reservoirs are divided into four types, typeⅠi s mainly distributed nearly on the edge region of the basin, such as Northern Pitching Area, Northeastern Uplift And Western Slope. From the edge of the basin to center, the quality of other kinds of reservoirs in the same layer also gradually becomes worse. The reservoirs of Quan3 and Quan4 members in the western area of Daqing placanticline are relatively the worst, belonging to typeⅢ-Ⅳ.
There exist three anomalously high porosity zones vertically in Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin, their depth bounds are 300～700m, 750～1450m, 1500～2350m. The first high porosity zone is formed by leaching of meteoric water, and the others are formed by dissolution of organic acids, and H+ generated in the clay minerals transformations is also important. By means of superposing the sedimentary facies maps and digenetic facies maps, favorable reservoir developing regions are predicted where ID<0.71, diagenetic facies are the early compaction and cementation, dissolution, they almost occurred in the sandstones of channels, delta plains, delta fronts and branch channels.
在普通薄片镜下鉴定、扫描电镜、铸体薄片、包裹体均一温度、镜质组反射率、孢粉颜色、X-衍射和热解分析的基础上,依据石油行业碎屑岩成岩阶段划分规范,松辽盆地北部泉三四段的碎屑岩成岩作用可划分为早成岩阶段A期、B期,中成岩阶段A1亚期、A2亚期和B期两个阶段五个(亚)期,其底界埋深分别为400±m、900±m、1300±m、2350±m和>2350±m。
根据松辽盆地北部泉三四段储层的物性和其他参数,将其分为四类,Ⅰ类储集层主要分布在近物源方向,且埋藏深度相对较浅的地区,如北部倾没区、东北隆起区、西部斜坡区;同一层位的其他各类储集层亦从近盆地边部向中心由好逐渐变差。大庆长垣以西是泉三四段储集层发育相对最差的地区,属Ⅲ-Ⅳ储集层。
松辽盆地北部泉三四段在纵向上发育三个异常高孔带,其深度范围分别为300～700m、750～1450m、1500～2350m;第Ⅰ高孔带主要由大气水淋滤形成,第Ⅱ、Ⅲ高孔带则主要由有机酸溶蚀形成,粘土矿物脱水过程中排放的H+也有一定贡献。通过叠加成岩相图与沉积相图,圈定了有利储层发育区,ID<0.71,成岩相为早期机械压实胶结相和溶蚀相,且沉积相带为河道、三角洲平原、三角洲前缘、水上分流河道和水下分流河道的砂体发育区为有利储层发育区。
On the basis of completely collecting the test data of Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin, we have done more tests and studied the diageneses of the region. Diageneses of mudstones are relatively simple, no more than the transformation of clay minerals and the thermal evolution of organic matter, but they control pH of diagenetic environments and diageneses of sandstones. Diageneses of sandstones in Quan3 and Quan4 members include mechanical compaction, pressure solution, cementation and dissolution. Both compactions and cementations diminish the porosity of the reservoirs, but compaction is more important than cementation in the basin. The pore-fillings of the reservoirs are dominantly clay minerals and carbonate cements. Dissolutions generate secondary pores and enhance the porosity and permeability. Materials dissolved in Quan3 and Quan4 members are feldspars, debris and carbonate cements, but the dissolutions of feldspars are more intense than those of carbonates. Calculation of Gibbs free energy shows that feldspar dissolving becomes easier and easier with the depth increasing, while calcites and laumontites are opposite. Feldspar dissolving is much easier than calcites and laumontites do. Above 3000±m calcite dissolving is harder than laumontites do, otherwise, the result is opposite.
Based on the test data of thin sections, SEM, epoxy resin-impregnated thin sections, homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions, Ro, the diageneses of clastic rocks in Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin can be divided into stage A and B of early diagenesis, stage A1, A2 and B of middle diagenesis, their bottom depths are 400±m, 900±m, 1300±m, 2350±m and even deeper respectively.
Considering the porosity and permeability and other factors of the reservoirs of Quan3 and Quan4 members in Northern Songliao Basin, the reservoirs are divided into four types, typeⅠi s mainly distributed nearly on the edge region of the basin, such as Northern Pitching Area, Northeastern Uplift And Western Slope. From the edge of the basin to center, the quality of other kinds of reservoirs in the same layer also gradually becomes worse. The reservoirs of Quan3 and Quan4 members in the western area of Daqing placanticline are relatively the worst, belonging to typeⅢ-Ⅳ.
There exist three anomalously high porosity zones vertically in Quan3 and Quan4 members of Northern Songliao Basin, their depth bounds are 300～700m, 750～1450m, 1500～2350m. The first high porosity zone is formed by leaching of meteoric water, and the others are formed by dissolution of organic acids, and H+ generated in the clay minerals transformations is also important. By means of superposing the sedimentary facies maps and digenetic facies maps, favorable reservoir developing regions are predicted where ID<0.71, diagenetic facies are the early compaction and cementation, dissolution, they almost occurred in the sandstones of channels, delta plains, delta fronts and branch channels.
引文
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