纳米流体在矩形微槽道内阻力特性研究
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摘要
微细通道在微机电系统、微电子、生物等的广泛应用,使得微通道流动与传热的研究成为当今科学及工业领域的热点之一,微尺度下的传热与传质是一个复杂、又有着巨大和广泛应用价值的前沿课题。大量的实验及分析结果表明,微通道内流动与常规尺度通道不同,具有明显的尺寸效应。本文以Al2O3/水纳米流体为工质,对高为2mm,宽分别为0.6mm、1mm、2mm的铝制矩形槽的单相及汽液两相流动阻力特性进行了实验与理论的研究。
本文首先研究了两种不同体积分数的纳米流体在三种槽道内的单相流动阻力特性,实验结果表明:三种不同槽道的摩擦压降均随着雷诺数的增大而增大,在相同的雷诺数下,0.6mm槽道的摩擦压降最大,2mm槽道的最小,体积分数大的纳米流体的摩擦压降比体积分数小的纳米流体的摩擦压降大。三种槽道的摩擦阻力系数f均随着雷诺数Re的增大而相应的减小,它们的乘积为不同的常数。在相同的雷诺数下,0.6mm 2mm槽道的摩擦系数f最大,2mm 2mm槽道的摩擦系数f最小。对层流情况下摩擦阻力系数f与雷诺数Re关系曲线进行拟合,2mm 2mm槽道的流动阻力特性与常规尺度槽道比较一致,1mm 2mm槽道和0.6mm 2mm槽道的f Re值均比经典理论值f Re = 64大,两种不同体积分数的纳米流体在同一槽道内的f Re值相差不大。
然后对槽道内两相摩擦压降进行了实验研究和对比。实验结果表明,两相摩擦压降随着热流密度和出口干度的增大而增大。相同条件下,体积分数小的纳米流体出口干度和两相压降均比体积分数大的纳米流体出口干度大。尺寸小的槽道两相压降明显大很多,热流密度大时,微槽的进出口总压降产生的不规则的周期性波动要剧烈。同时还将实验与L-M模型进行了比较,发现摩擦乘子随着热流密度和出口干度的增大而增大,随着质量流速的增大而减小。L-M模型预测的压降相比实验压降较小,误差较大,因此L-M模型不能很好的预测本实验的两相压降。
Microchannels were widely used in Micro-electro mechanical systems, micro-electronics, biology, making flow and heat transfer in microchannel become one of the hottest spot in science and industrial field. The study on micro heat and mass transfer is a complicated subject, but with extensive value. Many experimental data and analysis showed that flow performances in microchannel were different from that of in conventional channel. Experiments on flow resistance of single-phase and two-phase are conducted in aluminium rectangular microchannels with Al2O3/water nanofluid as working fluid. All the heights are uniformly 2mm, and the width is 2mm, 1mm and 0.6mm respectively.
Firstly, experiments on single phase flow was conducted in aluminium rectangular microchannels with nanofluids with two various volume fractions as working fluid. It was found that, the pressure drop increases with the increase of the Re, the pressure drop of high volume fraction nano-fluid is bigger than that of low volume fraction nano-fluid. The frictional resistance coefficient decreases with the increase of the Re and it is biggest in 0.6mm microchannel, smallest in 2mm microchannel. According to the experimental data, the product of f Re is const and higher than classical theory prediction. The product of f Re in two various volume fractions of nanofluid have little difference in the same microchannel.
Secondly, experiments on two-phase flow were studied and contrasted. The experimental results showed that: two-phase frictional pressure drop increases with the increase of dryness of outlet and heat flux. The dryness of outlet at high volume fraction nano-fluid is higher than that of at low volume fraction nano-fluid. The size of microchannel had a great impact on two-phase friction pressure drop. Two-phase friction pressure drop was increasing as the size was decreasing. As the heat flux increases, irregular and more severe cyclical pressure drop fluctuation was observed. Finally, Values between experiment and L-M model were compared. The results showed that the two-phase frictional multiplier increases with the increase of the dryness of outlet and the heat flux, decrease with the increase of mass flux. The volume of L-M model is obviously smaller than that of the experiment, So, L-M model couldn‘t predict very well in this experiment.
本文首先研究了两种不同体积分数的纳米流体在三种槽道内的单相流动阻力特性,实验结果表明:三种不同槽道的摩擦压降均随着雷诺数的增大而增大,在相同的雷诺数下,0.6mm槽道的摩擦压降最大,2mm槽道的最小,体积分数大的纳米流体的摩擦压降比体积分数小的纳米流体的摩擦压降大。三种槽道的摩擦阻力系数f均随着雷诺数Re的增大而相应的减小,它们的乘积为不同的常数。在相同的雷诺数下,0.6mm 2mm槽道的摩擦系数f最大,2mm 2mm槽道的摩擦系数f最小。对层流情况下摩擦阻力系数f与雷诺数Re关系曲线进行拟合,2mm 2mm槽道的流动阻力特性与常规尺度槽道比较一致,1mm 2mm槽道和0.6mm 2mm槽道的f Re值均比经典理论值f Re = 64大,两种不同体积分数的纳米流体在同一槽道内的f Re值相差不大。
然后对槽道内两相摩擦压降进行了实验研究和对比。实验结果表明,两相摩擦压降随着热流密度和出口干度的增大而增大。相同条件下,体积分数小的纳米流体出口干度和两相压降均比体积分数大的纳米流体出口干度大。尺寸小的槽道两相压降明显大很多,热流密度大时,微槽的进出口总压降产生的不规则的周期性波动要剧烈。同时还将实验与L-M模型进行了比较,发现摩擦乘子随着热流密度和出口干度的增大而增大,随着质量流速的增大而减小。L-M模型预测的压降相比实验压降较小,误差较大,因此L-M模型不能很好的预测本实验的两相压降。
Microchannels were widely used in Micro-electro mechanical systems, micro-electronics, biology, making flow and heat transfer in microchannel become one of the hottest spot in science and industrial field. The study on micro heat and mass transfer is a complicated subject, but with extensive value. Many experimental data and analysis showed that flow performances in microchannel were different from that of in conventional channel. Experiments on flow resistance of single-phase and two-phase are conducted in aluminium rectangular microchannels with Al2O3/water nanofluid as working fluid. All the heights are uniformly 2mm, and the width is 2mm, 1mm and 0.6mm respectively.
Firstly, experiments on single phase flow was conducted in aluminium rectangular microchannels with nanofluids with two various volume fractions as working fluid. It was found that, the pressure drop increases with the increase of the Re, the pressure drop of high volume fraction nano-fluid is bigger than that of low volume fraction nano-fluid. The frictional resistance coefficient decreases with the increase of the Re and it is biggest in 0.6mm microchannel, smallest in 2mm microchannel. According to the experimental data, the product of f Re is const and higher than classical theory prediction. The product of f Re in two various volume fractions of nanofluid have little difference in the same microchannel.
Secondly, experiments on two-phase flow were studied and contrasted. The experimental results showed that: two-phase frictional pressure drop increases with the increase of dryness of outlet and heat flux. The dryness of outlet at high volume fraction nano-fluid is higher than that of at low volume fraction nano-fluid. The size of microchannel had a great impact on two-phase friction pressure drop. Two-phase friction pressure drop was increasing as the size was decreasing. As the heat flux increases, irregular and more severe cyclical pressure drop fluctuation was observed. Finally, Values between experiment and L-M model were compared. The results showed that the two-phase frictional multiplier increases with the increase of the dryness of outlet and the heat flux, decrease with the increase of mass flux. The volume of L-M model is obviously smaller than that of the experiment, So, L-M model couldn‘t predict very well in this experiment.
引文
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[4] Choi.U.S. Ehanching Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles. Development and applications of non-Newtonian flows[J].Appl.Phys 1995(66):99-103
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[6] Pfahler J, Harvay J, Bau H. Gas and Liquid Flow in Small Channels[J]. ASME DSC. 1991, 32:49-60
[7] Turkerman D.B., Pease R.F.W. Optimized Convective Cooling Using Micro machined Structures[J].Electro chemical Society. 1982, 98 (3):1232-1245
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[9]郭航,黄峰等.微流道换热器阻力特性的实验研究[J].制冷. 1998, 65(4):8-13
[10] Acosta R, Muller R,Tobias C,Transport processes in narrow(capillary) channels[J]. AIChE Journal.1985(31):473-482
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[13] Pfund D A, Shekarriz A, Popescu A etal. Pressure drops measurements in microchannels[J]. Proceedings of MEMS, ASME DSC, 1998, 66:193-198
[14] Li Z X,DuDX,Guo Z Y. Experimental study on flow characteristics of liquid in circular microtubesl[J]. Microscale Thermophysics Engineering, 2003, 7:253 -265
[15] Tuckerman D B, Pease R F W. Ultrahigh Thermal Conductance Microstructres for Cooling Integrated Circuits[J]. Procs. 32nd Electronics Components Conf, 1982, IEEA EIA, CHMT:145-149
[16] Wu P Y and Little W A. Measurement of heat transfer characteristics of gas flow in very fine channels used for microminiature Joule-Thomson refrigerators[J]. Cryogenics 1984. 24 (8):415-420
[17] Acosta R E, Muller R.H, Tobias W C. Transport processes in narrow (Capillary) channels[J]. AIChE. 1985. 31 (1-3):473-482
[18] Harms T M., Kazmierczak M J, Gerner F M. Developing convective heat transfer in deep rectangular microchannels[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 1999. Vo1.20 No.2: 149-157
[19] Peng X. F.,Peterson G P. Convective Heat Transfer and Flow Friction for Water Flow in Microchannel Structures[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1996, 39 (12): 2599-2608
[20] Peng X.F., Peterson G.P., Wang B.X.. Frictional flow characteristics of water flowing through rectangular microchannels[J]. Exp. Heat Transfer, 1994, 7: 249-265
[21]蒋洁,郝英立,施明恒.矩形微通道中流体流动阻力和换热特性实验研究[J].热科学与技术, 2006, 5(3):189-194
[22]周继军,申盛,徐进良.微槽道内单相流动阻力与传热特性[J].化工学报, 2005, 56(10):1849-1854
[23] Stanley R.S.. Two-phase flow in microchannels[D]. Ruston, LA.: Louisiana Tech University, 1997
[24]姜明健,罗晓惠,刘伟力.水在微尺度槽道中单相流动和换热研究[J].北京联合大学学报, 1998,12(1):71-75
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