工程建设项目施工阶段的环境管理
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摘要
建筑企业是工业企业的一部分,也是造成环境污染的一大行业。建筑企业在生产建筑产品过程中,给环境带来严重影响,主要影响包括:对于地球资源、能源的巨大消耗和浪费;对地域生态环境的影响甚至破坏;在工程建设过程中对周围相关环境的污染和破坏;工程建设的绿化、水面严重不足所导致的空气污浊、噪音干扰、温度升高、气候干燥,物理环境日趋恶化等等。
本文通过对目前国内工程建设项目环境管理现状的分析,针对工程建设项目环境管理的特点,详细研究了如何有效确定和评价环境影响因素,分析了工程建设项目在施工过程中对周围环境造成的污染,对主要的环境影响因素提出了具体的防治措施,并结合上海古北米兰花园住宅小区项目施工的实例阐述了如何运行和建立施工企业的环境管理体系。
Construction enterprise is one part of industrial enterprise, also a big profession which causes environmental pollution. Construction enterprise brings serious environmental influence in the process of producing construction products. The influences include the large consumption and waste towards the earth resources and energy; the effect even damage towards the regional ecological environment; the pollution and destruction towards the surrounding related environment during the process of engineering construction; the dirty air, noise interference, increased temperature, arid climate, and the physical environment's gradual deterioration and so on caused by the severe lack of green places and spaces and the area of a body of water of engineering constriction.
The paper is compiled by analyzing current situation of environment management of domestic engineering construction project, focusing on the features of environment management in engineering construction project, dedicatedly studying on how to calculate and evaluate environmental influence factors, on what major damages and pollutions engineering construction project has made to surrounding environment during construction, on what preventive measures we should take to cope with them. The author also spares no efforts to elaborate on how to operate and establish environmental management system for building and construction industry by application in the engineering construction project of ShangHai GuBei MiLan garden residential district.
本文通过对目前国内工程建设项目环境管理现状的分析,针对工程建设项目环境管理的特点,详细研究了如何有效确定和评价环境影响因素,分析了工程建设项目在施工过程中对周围环境造成的污染,对主要的环境影响因素提出了具体的防治措施,并结合上海古北米兰花园住宅小区项目施工的实例阐述了如何运行和建立施工企业的环境管理体系。
Construction enterprise is one part of industrial enterprise, also a big profession which causes environmental pollution. Construction enterprise brings serious environmental influence in the process of producing construction products. The influences include the large consumption and waste towards the earth resources and energy; the effect even damage towards the regional ecological environment; the pollution and destruction towards the surrounding related environment during the process of engineering construction; the dirty air, noise interference, increased temperature, arid climate, and the physical environment's gradual deterioration and so on caused by the severe lack of green places and spaces and the area of a body of water of engineering constriction.
The paper is compiled by analyzing current situation of environment management of domestic engineering construction project, focusing on the features of environment management in engineering construction project, dedicatedly studying on how to calculate and evaluate environmental influence factors, on what major damages and pollutions engineering construction project has made to surrounding environment during construction, on what preventive measures we should take to cope with them. The author also spares no efforts to elaborate on how to operate and establish environmental management system for building and construction industry by application in the engineering construction project of ShangHai GuBei MiLan garden residential district.
引文
[1]崔莉凤,《环境影响评价和案例分析》,北京,中国标准出版社,2005
[2]关坪主,《环境保护管理与污染治理》,北京,国防工业出版社,1995
[3]中华人民共和国建设部(GB/T50326-2006),《建设工程项目管理规范》,北京筑工业出版社,2006
[4]U.S.Department of Energy.Monthly Energy[J].Washington DC:Energy information Administration,March,2001
[5]U.s.enviromental Proteetion Agengy.CharacteriZation of Building — Related Construetion and Debris in the United States[M].Washington DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agengy1998
[6]Levin,H.Systematic evaluation and assessment of building environmental Performance.Proeeeding of 2rid international conference on building and environment[M]Paris:CSTB and CIB,1997,3-10
[7]Augenbroe G.PearceAR.Sustainable construetion in the United States of Ameriea(CIB~W82 RePort)[J].Atlanda:Georgia Institute of Technology,Augest,1998
[8]George ofori,Clive Briffett.ImPact of ISO14000 on construction enterprise in SingaPore[J].Construction Management and Economies,2000,(18):935-947
[9]杜晓玲,《建设工程项目管理》,北京,机械工业出版社,2006
[10]宫立鸣,黄建平,《工程项目管理》,北京,化学工业山版社,2005
[11]《建设工程项目管理规范》编写委员会,《建设工程项目管理规范实施手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006,8:298-302
[12]张检身,《建设项目管理指南》,北京,中国计划出版社,2001
[13]李春田,《环境管理体系的建立与内部审核》,北京,中国标准出版社,2001
[14]光耀华,《环境及职业健康安全管理体系认证咨询导则》,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2006
[15]C.M.Tam,W.Y.Tam,W.S.Tsui.Green construction assessment for environmental management in the construction industry of Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Project Management.2004,22(7):563-571
[16]Robert Ries.Uncertainty in environmental assessment for the built environment[J].Construction Research.2003,(120):50-59
[17]张建国,熊茂林,《建筑施工企业管理体系实施手册》,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[18]田振郁,《工程项目管理适用手册》,第二版,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[19]吕殿录等,《环境保护简明教程》,北京,中国环境科学出版社,2000
[20]Harold Kerzner,杨爱华等译,《项目管理计划、进度和控制的系统方法》,北京,电子工业出版社,2007,10:25-26
[21]国家标准ISO14001:1996《环境管理体系规范及使用指南》,北京,国家技术标准局,1996
[22]四川省环境工程评估中心《建设项目环境管理影响评价工作手册》,成都,四川环保局,2002
[23]王顺琪,张晓林,《ISO14001:2004环境管理体系的建立、实施与认证》,北京,中国标准出版社,2005
[24]吴孝仁等,《工程建设行业职业健康安全管理体系规范理解与实施》,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2004
[25]刘立生等,《ISO14000环境管理体系培训教程》,北京,中国标准出版社,2004
[26]中国建筑工程总公司,《施工现场环境控制规程》,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[27]李君,《工程建设企业环境管理体系内部审核员培训教程》,北京,中国标准出版社,2005
[28]周青振.建设项目环境管理的现状与对策[J].山西建筑,2008,34(6):221-222.
[29]邓元胜,环境因素的识别,工业安全与环保,2004,30,8-10
[30]于启武.环境管理标准化的理论与方法——企业实施ISO14000指南.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2001.193-213
[31]邵火炉.企业如何建立ISO14000环境管理体系.经济纵横,2000(9):38-39
[32]黄金夫.建筑企业如何建立和实施环境管理体系.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.6-51
[33]United States Environmental Program.Industry and Environment.Cleaner Production Assessment Manual,1995:36-38
[34]王洪,田金信.建筑企业环境管理初探.建筑管理现代化,2001(1):21-22
[35]张传艳.建设项目实施环境管理初探.煤炭工程,2006(8):114-115
[36]彭刚华:《环境监测质量管理现状及发展对策初探》,《中国环境监测》2006年,第2期
[37]Rose,Kenneth H.Organizational project management maturity model(Book Review).Project Management Journal,2004,35(1):59-60
[38]王佳宁.项目管理成熟度模型在建设工程项目管理中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学,2005
[39]汤丽萍.工业企业环境污染管理问题与策略研究[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2001
[40]Terence J Cooke-Davies,Andrew Arzymanowc.The maturity of project management in different industries:An investigation into variations between project management models.International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):471-478
[41]罗兴奇:《环保NGO:苏南地区环境管理中不可忽视的环节》,《江南论》2006,7
[42]黄裕锋,康小东,《市政工程项目建设过程中的环境管理》,环境研究与监测,2005,18,17-18
[2]关坪主,《环境保护管理与污染治理》,北京,国防工业出版社,1995
[3]中华人民共和国建设部(GB/T50326-2006),《建设工程项目管理规范》,北京筑工业出版社,2006
[4]U.S.Department of Energy.Monthly Energy[J].Washington DC:Energy information Administration,March,2001
[5]U.s.enviromental Proteetion Agengy.CharacteriZation of Building — Related Construetion and Debris in the United States[M].Washington DC:U.S.Environmental Protection Agengy1998
[6]Levin,H.Systematic evaluation and assessment of building environmental Performance.Proeeeding of 2rid international conference on building and environment[M]Paris:CSTB and CIB,1997,3-10
[7]Augenbroe G.PearceAR.Sustainable construetion in the United States of Ameriea(CIB~W82 RePort)[J].Atlanda:Georgia Institute of Technology,Augest,1998
[8]George ofori,Clive Briffett.ImPact of ISO14000 on construction enterprise in SingaPore[J].Construction Management and Economies,2000,(18):935-947
[9]杜晓玲,《建设工程项目管理》,北京,机械工业出版社,2006
[10]宫立鸣,黄建平,《工程项目管理》,北京,化学工业山版社,2005
[11]《建设工程项目管理规范》编写委员会,《建设工程项目管理规范实施手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006,8:298-302
[12]张检身,《建设项目管理指南》,北京,中国计划出版社,2001
[13]李春田,《环境管理体系的建立与内部审核》,北京,中国标准出版社,2001
[14]光耀华,《环境及职业健康安全管理体系认证咨询导则》,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2006
[15]C.M.Tam,W.Y.Tam,W.S.Tsui.Green construction assessment for environmental management in the construction industry of Hong Kong[J].International Journal of Project Management.2004,22(7):563-571
[16]Robert Ries.Uncertainty in environmental assessment for the built environment[J].Construction Research.2003,(120):50-59
[17]张建国,熊茂林,《建筑施工企业管理体系实施手册》,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[18]田振郁,《工程项目管理适用手册》,第二版,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2000
[19]吕殿录等,《环境保护简明教程》,北京,中国环境科学出版社,2000
[20]Harold Kerzner,杨爱华等译,《项目管理计划、进度和控制的系统方法》,北京,电子工业出版社,2007,10:25-26
[21]国家标准ISO14001:1996《环境管理体系规范及使用指南》,北京,国家技术标准局,1996
[22]四川省环境工程评估中心《建设项目环境管理影响评价工作手册》,成都,四川环保局,2002
[23]王顺琪,张晓林,《ISO14001:2004环境管理体系的建立、实施与认证》,北京,中国标准出版社,2005
[24]吴孝仁等,《工程建设行业职业健康安全管理体系规范理解与实施》,北京,中国水利水电出版社,2004
[25]刘立生等,《ISO14000环境管理体系培训教程》,北京,中国标准出版社,2004
[26]中国建筑工程总公司,《施工现场环境控制规程》,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[27]李君,《工程建设企业环境管理体系内部审核员培训教程》,北京,中国标准出版社,2005
[28]周青振.建设项目环境管理的现状与对策[J].山西建筑,2008,34(6):221-222.
[29]邓元胜,环境因素的识别,工业安全与环保,2004,30,8-10
[30]于启武.环境管理标准化的理论与方法——企业实施ISO14000指南.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2001.193-213
[31]邵火炉.企业如何建立ISO14000环境管理体系.经济纵横,2000(9):38-39
[32]黄金夫.建筑企业如何建立和实施环境管理体系.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.6-51
[33]United States Environmental Program.Industry and Environment.Cleaner Production Assessment Manual,1995:36-38
[34]王洪,田金信.建筑企业环境管理初探.建筑管理现代化,2001(1):21-22
[35]张传艳.建设项目实施环境管理初探.煤炭工程,2006(8):114-115
[36]彭刚华:《环境监测质量管理现状及发展对策初探》,《中国环境监测》2006年,第2期
[37]Rose,Kenneth H.Organizational project management maturity model(Book Review).Project Management Journal,2004,35(1):59-60
[38]王佳宁.项目管理成熟度模型在建设工程项目管理中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学,2005
[39]汤丽萍.工业企业环境污染管理问题与策略研究[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2001
[40]Terence J Cooke-Davies,Andrew Arzymanowc.The maturity of project management in different industries:An investigation into variations between project management models.International Journal of Project Management,2003(21):471-478
[41]罗兴奇:《环保NGO:苏南地区环境管理中不可忽视的环节》,《江南论》2006,7
[42]黄裕锋,康小东,《市政工程项目建设过程中的环境管理》,环境研究与监测,2005,18,17-18