西部地区循环经济发展途径探讨
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摘要
循环经济是环境优化与经济增长协调互动的可持续发展模式,是提高资源利用效率、构建节约型社会的基本手段。对于我国生态脆弱、经济落后的西部而言,发展循环经济具有十分重要的战略意义。
本文针对西部地区发展中资源与环境压力问题,以循环经济理论与实践为指导,以经济增长理论、生态经济理论、可持续发展理论为基础,通过将西部地区与国内外循环经济发展先进地区进行比较以及西部地区经济、社会、生态环境发展现状进行结合性分析,采用规范研究与实证研究相结合、个案研究与比较研究相结合的研究方法,分析其目前发展状况较好的机制因素、存在的问题以及未来循环经济发展的潜力和潜力的来源,力求从整体性、系统性、可操作性等多方面对问题的研究有所突破。
本文论证了通过发展循环经济模式提升和改造西部地区传统产业,以解决产业结构与环境之间矛盾,改变粗放型增长现状,减少资源使用量和废弃物排放量,提高废弃物在经济活动中的利用率,对保护西部地区生态环境、减少资源与环境压力、促进西部地区实现可持续发展具有积极意义,对西部大开发具有较强的实际借鉴意义。
本文坚持理论密切联系实际、重在指导实践的方向。一方面着眼于理论研究的高度和深度,同时也着力于实际应用性和可操作性。即从基本理论的高度,深入论证了循环经济为可持续发展指导思想的建立提供理论基础、重新认识自然资源的生态经济实质等问题,为进行西部大开发提供理论根据;又深入实际总结经验,有针对性地提出西部地区发展循环经济的途径和保障措施,使理论研究成果直接成为指导西部大开发的智力支持。
Circular economy is the sustainable development model with interaction between environment optimization and economic growth, is the basic means of improving efficiency of resources and building saving society. For China's ecologically fragile, economically backward western region, it has great strategic significance to develop circular economy.
This paper focus on the problems of western environment and resources, guided by recycle economic theory and practice, based on economic growth, ecological economic theory and theory of sustainable development, comparing the circular economy between western region and advanced areas, and combining the current situation of western economic, social and ecological, using standardized combination of research and empirical research, case studies and comparative study of a combination of research methods, then this paper try to find the reason of the better institutional factors and potential problems, and get the way to develop western circular economic, and break through the development analysis from a holistic, systematic, operability way.
This paper demonstrate upgrading the model of circular economic and transforming of western traditional industries in order to solve the contradiction between the industrial structure and the environment, change extensive growth of economy, reduce resource consumption and waste emissions, improve waste utilization in economic activities. It is a positive significance to protecting western ecological environment, reducing resource and environment pressure and promoting sustainable development, it is a strong practical learn in western region.
This paper adheres to combination between theory and practice, focusing on the direction to guide practice. On the one hand, this paper focusing on the height and depth of theoretical study and practical applications and operability. E.g., from the height of theoretical study, in-depth demonstrating circular economy as theory base to build ideology of sustainable development, relooking of natural resources and ecological economic, in order to provide a theoretical basis for western region development. On the other hand, in-depth summing up actual experiences to put forward the corresponding measure for western region development, to make the research results directly to be intellectual support for western region development.
本文针对西部地区发展中资源与环境压力问题,以循环经济理论与实践为指导,以经济增长理论、生态经济理论、可持续发展理论为基础,通过将西部地区与国内外循环经济发展先进地区进行比较以及西部地区经济、社会、生态环境发展现状进行结合性分析,采用规范研究与实证研究相结合、个案研究与比较研究相结合的研究方法,分析其目前发展状况较好的机制因素、存在的问题以及未来循环经济发展的潜力和潜力的来源,力求从整体性、系统性、可操作性等多方面对问题的研究有所突破。
本文论证了通过发展循环经济模式提升和改造西部地区传统产业,以解决产业结构与环境之间矛盾,改变粗放型增长现状,减少资源使用量和废弃物排放量,提高废弃物在经济活动中的利用率,对保护西部地区生态环境、减少资源与环境压力、促进西部地区实现可持续发展具有积极意义,对西部大开发具有较强的实际借鉴意义。
本文坚持理论密切联系实际、重在指导实践的方向。一方面着眼于理论研究的高度和深度,同时也着力于实际应用性和可操作性。即从基本理论的高度,深入论证了循环经济为可持续发展指导思想的建立提供理论基础、重新认识自然资源的生态经济实质等问题,为进行西部大开发提供理论根据;又深入实际总结经验,有针对性地提出西部地区发展循环经济的途径和保障措施,使理论研究成果直接成为指导西部大开发的智力支持。
Circular economy is the sustainable development model with interaction between environment optimization and economic growth, is the basic means of improving efficiency of resources and building saving society. For China's ecologically fragile, economically backward western region, it has great strategic significance to develop circular economy.
This paper focus on the problems of western environment and resources, guided by recycle economic theory and practice, based on economic growth, ecological economic theory and theory of sustainable development, comparing the circular economy between western region and advanced areas, and combining the current situation of western economic, social and ecological, using standardized combination of research and empirical research, case studies and comparative study of a combination of research methods, then this paper try to find the reason of the better institutional factors and potential problems, and get the way to develop western circular economic, and break through the development analysis from a holistic, systematic, operability way.
This paper demonstrate upgrading the model of circular economic and transforming of western traditional industries in order to solve the contradiction between the industrial structure and the environment, change extensive growth of economy, reduce resource consumption and waste emissions, improve waste utilization in economic activities. It is a positive significance to protecting western ecological environment, reducing resource and environment pressure and promoting sustainable development, it is a strong practical learn in western region.
This paper adheres to combination between theory and practice, focusing on the direction to guide practice. On the one hand, this paper focusing on the height and depth of theoretical study and practical applications and operability. E.g., from the height of theoretical study, in-depth demonstrating circular economy as theory base to build ideology of sustainable development, relooking of natural resources and ecological economic, in order to provide a theoretical basis for western region development. On the other hand, in-depth summing up actual experiences to put forward the corresponding measure for western region development, to make the research results directly to be intellectual support for western region development.
引文
[1]郑易生.中国西部减贫与可持续发展[C].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008
[2]钟水映,简新华.人口、资源与环境经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007
[3]王松霈.西部大开发的绿色经济道路[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2007
[4]曲格平.发展循环经济是21世纪的大趋势[J].当代生态农业,2002(1)
[5]陈德敏.我国资源综合利用的技术政策和法制环境研究[J].科技进步与对策。2002(12)
[6]陆钟武.关于循环经济几个问题的分析研究[J].环境科学研究,2003(5)
[7]牛文元.循环经济:实现可持续发展的理想经济模式[J].中国科学院院刊,2004(6)
[8]刘雪娟,苏敬勤.关于生态工业园的几点思考[J].科技管理研究,2003(6)
[9]张天柱.循环经济的概念框架[J].环境科学动态,2004(2)
[10]季昆森.循环经济原理与应用[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2004
[11]黄贤金.循环经济:产业模式与政策体系[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2004
[12]张凯.循环经济理论研究与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004
[13]尹继佐.建设循环经济型的国际大都市[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2004
[14]戴世明.循环经济的机理分析[J].南通职业大学学报,2004(1)
[15]冯之浚.循环经济:社会发展模式的深刻革命[J].环境经济,2005
[16]吴季松.新循环经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[17]诸大建.可持续发展呼唤循环经济[J].科技导报,1998(9)
[18]诸大建.C模式:中国发展循环经济的战略选择[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2005(6)
[19]曹葵,牛桓云.发展循环经济的内生经济增长模型.张坤.循环经济理论与实践[C].北京:中国环境出版社,2003
[20]刘学敏.我国推进循环经济的深层障碍[J].经济纵横,2005(07)
[21]孙国强.循环经济的新范式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[22]李禾.发改委把循环经济指标纳入规划纲要[N].科技日报.2005
[23]崔胜辉,洪华生,黄云凤.关于循环经济的哲学思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003(20)
[24]汪斌,董贇.从古典到新兴古典经济学的专业化分工理论与当代产业集群 的演进[J].学术月刊,2005(2)
[25]黄英娜,张天柱,颜辉武.循环经济产生和发展的经济学基础[J].环境经济,2004(8)
[26]李周.环境与生态经济学研究的进展[J].浙江社会科学,2002(1)
[27]毕秀水.有效经济增长研究-资源与环境约束下的现代经济增长分析[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2005
[28]吴易风,朱勇.内生增长理论的新发展[J].中国人民大学学报,2005(5)
[29]姜国刚.从劳动分工到资源分工的内生演进分析[J].商业研究,2006(8)
[30]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[31]杨通进.环境伦理学的三个理论焦点[J].哲学动态,2002(5)
[32]邱成利.制度创新与产业集聚的关系研究[J].中国软科学,2001(9)
[33]常晓素.外部性与环境保护[J].合作经济与科技,2006(4)
[34]佟光霁.我国农业科技园区的功能定位、建设原则与发展对策[J].科技导报,2002
[35]尚杰,佟光霁.论绿色食品与农业环境保护[J].学术交流,2000(1)
[36]Carson Rachel.Silent Spring.BostonMass.:Houghton MifflinCompany,1962
[37]Carson Rachel.Silent Spring[M].Boston Mass.:Houghton Mifflin Company,1962
[38]Hardin Garrett J..Tragedy of The Commons [M].Science,1968,,Vol.2:1243-1248
[39]Meadows Donella H..Limits to Growth[M].London:Earth Island Ltd.,1972
[40]Cohen J.E..How Many People Can the Earth Suooort[M].New York:W.W.Norton & Co.,1995
[41]Flapper S.D.P..Proceedings of the First International Working Seminar on Reuse[M].The Netherlands:Eindhoven,1996
[42]A.J.Mc Michael,C.D.Butler,CarlFolke..New Visions for Addressing Sustainability[J].Science,Dec 2003,Vol.302:1919
[43]Visker Cinty.Using Agro-industrial By-products[J].BioCycle.Jun 1995,Vol.36:67
[44]Bye John.Farm Composting Project Explores Key Areas[J].BioCycle,Jul 1991,Vol.32:38-40
[45]Anonymous.Composting Reduces Fuel and Labor Costs on Family Farms [J].Biocycle,May 2000,Vol.41:72-73.
[46] Anonymous. Agricultural Utilization of Yard Waste [J]. BioCycle, Aug 1991, Vol.32:54-57.
[47] Anonymous.Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials [J]. BioCycle, Feb 1997, Vol. 38:18
[48] Ayres Robert U.. Metals Recycling: Economic and Environmental Implications [J] .Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Nov 1997, Vol. 21: 45-173.
[49] Anderson Peter, Kelly Scott. Redesigning for Recycling [J]. BioCycle, July 1995,Vol.36:64-65
[50] Orr D.W.. Ecological Literacy : Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World [M]. New York: State University of New York, 1992.
[51 ] Finnveden Goran, Johansson Jessica, Lind per, Moberg Asa. Life Cycle Assessment of Energy From Solid Waste [J] Journal of Cleaner Production, Feb2005, Vol. 13:213-240.
[2]钟水映,简新华.人口、资源与环境经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2007
[3]王松霈.西部大开发的绿色经济道路[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2007
[4]曲格平.发展循环经济是21世纪的大趋势[J].当代生态农业,2002(1)
[5]陈德敏.我国资源综合利用的技术政策和法制环境研究[J].科技进步与对策。2002(12)
[6]陆钟武.关于循环经济几个问题的分析研究[J].环境科学研究,2003(5)
[7]牛文元.循环经济:实现可持续发展的理想经济模式[J].中国科学院院刊,2004(6)
[8]刘雪娟,苏敬勤.关于生态工业园的几点思考[J].科技管理研究,2003(6)
[9]张天柱.循环经济的概念框架[J].环境科学动态,2004(2)
[10]季昆森.循环经济原理与应用[M].合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,2004
[11]黄贤金.循环经济:产业模式与政策体系[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2004
[12]张凯.循环经济理论研究与实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004
[13]尹继佐.建设循环经济型的国际大都市[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2004
[14]戴世明.循环经济的机理分析[J].南通职业大学学报,2004(1)
[15]冯之浚.循环经济:社会发展模式的深刻革命[J].环境经济,2005
[16]吴季松.新循环经济学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[17]诸大建.可持续发展呼唤循环经济[J].科技导报,1998(9)
[18]诸大建.C模式:中国发展循环经济的战略选择[J].中国人口.资源与环境,2005(6)
[19]曹葵,牛桓云.发展循环经济的内生经济增长模型.张坤.循环经济理论与实践[C].北京:中国环境出版社,2003
[20]刘学敏.我国推进循环经济的深层障碍[J].经济纵横,2005(07)
[21]孙国强.循环经济的新范式[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[22]李禾.发改委把循环经济指标纳入规划纲要[N].科技日报.2005
[23]崔胜辉,洪华生,黄云凤.关于循环经济的哲学思考[J].科技进步与对策,2003(20)
[24]汪斌,董贇.从古典到新兴古典经济学的专业化分工理论与当代产业集群 的演进[J].学术月刊,2005(2)
[25]黄英娜,张天柱,颜辉武.循环经济产生和发展的经济学基础[J].环境经济,2004(8)
[26]李周.环境与生态经济学研究的进展[J].浙江社会科学,2002(1)
[27]毕秀水.有效经济增长研究-资源与环境约束下的现代经济增长分析[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2005
[28]吴易风,朱勇.内生增长理论的新发展[J].中国人民大学学报,2005(5)
[29]姜国刚.从劳动分工到资源分工的内生演进分析[J].商业研究,2006(8)
[30]蓝盛芳,钦佩,陆宏芳.生态系统能值分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[31]杨通进.环境伦理学的三个理论焦点[J].哲学动态,2002(5)
[32]邱成利.制度创新与产业集聚的关系研究[J].中国软科学,2001(9)
[33]常晓素.外部性与环境保护[J].合作经济与科技,2006(4)
[34]佟光霁.我国农业科技园区的功能定位、建设原则与发展对策[J].科技导报,2002
[35]尚杰,佟光霁.论绿色食品与农业环境保护[J].学术交流,2000(1)
[36]Carson Rachel.Silent Spring.BostonMass.:Houghton MifflinCompany,1962
[37]Carson Rachel.Silent Spring[M].Boston Mass.:Houghton Mifflin Company,1962
[38]Hardin Garrett J..Tragedy of The Commons [M].Science,1968,,Vol.2:1243-1248
[39]Meadows Donella H..Limits to Growth[M].London:Earth Island Ltd.,1972
[40]Cohen J.E..How Many People Can the Earth Suooort[M].New York:W.W.Norton & Co.,1995
[41]Flapper S.D.P..Proceedings of the First International Working Seminar on Reuse[M].The Netherlands:Eindhoven,1996
[42]A.J.Mc Michael,C.D.Butler,CarlFolke..New Visions for Addressing Sustainability[J].Science,Dec 2003,Vol.302:1919
[43]Visker Cinty.Using Agro-industrial By-products[J].BioCycle.Jun 1995,Vol.36:67
[44]Bye John.Farm Composting Project Explores Key Areas[J].BioCycle,Jul 1991,Vol.32:38-40
[45]Anonymous.Composting Reduces Fuel and Labor Costs on Family Farms [J].Biocycle,May 2000,Vol.41:72-73.
[46] Anonymous. Agricultural Utilization of Yard Waste [J]. BioCycle, Aug 1991, Vol.32:54-57.
[47] Anonymous.Industrial Uses of Agricultural Materials [J]. BioCycle, Feb 1997, Vol. 38:18
[48] Ayres Robert U.. Metals Recycling: Economic and Environmental Implications [J] .Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Nov 1997, Vol. 21: 45-173.
[49] Anderson Peter, Kelly Scott. Redesigning for Recycling [J]. BioCycle, July 1995,Vol.36:64-65
[50] Orr D.W.. Ecological Literacy : Education and the Transition to a Postmodern World [M]. New York: State University of New York, 1992.
[51 ] Finnveden Goran, Johansson Jessica, Lind per, Moberg Asa. Life Cycle Assessment of Energy From Solid Waste [J] Journal of Cleaner Production, Feb2005, Vol. 13:213-240.