激光烟雾透过率远程测量系统研制
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摘要
烟雾透过率的测量在大气透过率的检测、物质结构分析等工农业生产上有着广泛的应用。随着计算机的日益普及,Internet(互联网络)己经成为人们日常生活的一部分。具备Internet的接入功能,己经成为众多使用微处理器的嵌入式应用的发展方向。烟雾透过率测量系统与Internet结合使得烟雾透过率的测量更加实用和灵活。用户可通过Internet浏览器对基于嵌入式Web服务器的透过率测量系统进行远程配置和访问,利用Web内容来报告采样数据、工作状态,实现对烟雾透过率测量系统的的远程监控。这样可以充分利用嵌入式系统集成度高、可靠性好、免维护的特点,提高了系统的工业适应性,大大降低了工业生产中的成本;同时,满足了野外设站、无人值守的应用要求,大大提高了工作效率;而利用开放的TCP/IP网络通信协议,任何的计算机都可以使用通用的网络浏览软件访问设备,不需要专门的计算机和专门的软件。
本文的主要工作是基于ARM9的激光烟雾透过率测量系统的硬件和软件设计。首先分析了烟雾透过率的测量原理,以此为据设计了激光器驱动及调制电路、光电池的I-V转换电路、滤波电路、积分电路和计算机接口电路,实现了激光烟雾透过率远程测量系统的硬件部分。在硬件设计的基础上,进一步介绍了嵌入式Web服务器相关的网络协议和编程技术,并结合Socket编程技术和多线程编程技术实现了嵌入式Web服务器。在充分理解S3C2410的硬件结构的基础上,实现了Linux系统对ADC的驱动。最终实现了激光烟雾透过率远程测量系统。并在不同的条件下对系统做了测试,测试结果表明系统符合设计的要求。
The transmissivity measuring of Plume is meaningful in industry and agriculture. It is mainly used in detecting the transmissivity of atmosphere, and analyzing the structure of matter. Along with the popularization of computer, internet is already a part of our life. Therefore, embedded application with function connecting to the internet becomes the orientation in development. The combining of measuring system and internet makes measuring transmissivity more credibility and agility. The measuring system based on embedded web server can be set and visited long-distance by using internet, and can also report data and state of work. The measuring system can take full advantage of embedded system which has high integration and great reliability without maintenance. The adaptability of system in industry is improved, and the cost in industrial produce is greatly reduced. At the same time, the application request which need work outside with no workers is satisfied, and the efficiency is greatly enhanced. Every computer can use current internet browser to visit devices by making use of TCP/IP internet communication protocal.
Designing the hardware and software of the remote transmissivity measuring system of plume penetrated by laser based on ARM9 is the main job. The theory of transmissivity measuring was analysed first, and then the hardware of measuring system was realized with the circuit of processing data designed. Based on the hardware implemented, some internet protocol and technology of programming were introduced first, and then embedded web server was realized based on technology of socket programming and multi-thread programming. Besides, the driver of ADC is realized based on that the structure S3C2410 was understood. The remote transmissivity measuring system of plume penetrated by laser was realized at last. And then some experiment with different conditions was carried out. According to the result, the system worked correctly.
本文的主要工作是基于ARM9的激光烟雾透过率测量系统的硬件和软件设计。首先分析了烟雾透过率的测量原理,以此为据设计了激光器驱动及调制电路、光电池的I-V转换电路、滤波电路、积分电路和计算机接口电路,实现了激光烟雾透过率远程测量系统的硬件部分。在硬件设计的基础上,进一步介绍了嵌入式Web服务器相关的网络协议和编程技术,并结合Socket编程技术和多线程编程技术实现了嵌入式Web服务器。在充分理解S3C2410的硬件结构的基础上,实现了Linux系统对ADC的驱动。最终实现了激光烟雾透过率远程测量系统。并在不同的条件下对系统做了测试,测试结果表明系统符合设计的要求。
The transmissivity measuring of Plume is meaningful in industry and agriculture. It is mainly used in detecting the transmissivity of atmosphere, and analyzing the structure of matter. Along with the popularization of computer, internet is already a part of our life. Therefore, embedded application with function connecting to the internet becomes the orientation in development. The combining of measuring system and internet makes measuring transmissivity more credibility and agility. The measuring system based on embedded web server can be set and visited long-distance by using internet, and can also report data and state of work. The measuring system can take full advantage of embedded system which has high integration and great reliability without maintenance. The adaptability of system in industry is improved, and the cost in industrial produce is greatly reduced. At the same time, the application request which need work outside with no workers is satisfied, and the efficiency is greatly enhanced. Every computer can use current internet browser to visit devices by making use of TCP/IP internet communication protocal.
Designing the hardware and software of the remote transmissivity measuring system of plume penetrated by laser based on ARM9 is the main job. The theory of transmissivity measuring was analysed first, and then the hardware of measuring system was realized with the circuit of processing data designed. Based on the hardware implemented, some internet protocol and technology of programming were introduced first, and then embedded web server was realized based on technology of socket programming and multi-thread programming. Besides, the driver of ADC is realized based on that the structure S3C2410 was understood. The remote transmissivity measuring system of plume penetrated by laser was realized at last. And then some experiment with different conditions was carried out. According to the result, the system worked correctly.
引文
[1]疏学明,方俊,邵荃等.火灾烟雾颗粒的光学散射特性研究.中国工程科学, 2005, 7(1): 46-49
[2] Vytenis Babrauskas. Commentary Designing Products for Fire Performance: the State of the Art of Test Methods and Fire Models[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1995, 24(11): 299-312
[3]张庆阳,张沅,李莉等.大气探测技术发展概述.气象科技, 2003, 31(2): 119-122
[4]张波.激光羽烟透过率动态测量的信号检测与处理: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005
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[6] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux device driver. O’ReillyPress, 2005. 34-50
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[8]宋薇薇.群集系统中的几种负载均衡技术.程序, 2002, 9(13): 16-18
[9]杨和东.基于LVS的网站服务器群的负载均衡.现代图书情报技术, 2001, 4(7): l-3
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[11] Loepfe M, Ryser P, Tompkin C, et al. Optical properties of fire and non2fire aerosols. Fire Safety Journal, 1997, 29(7): 185-194
[12]林树昌,胡乃非.分析化学. (第一版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1993. 491-501
[13]张大波.嵌入式系统原理、设计与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 23-27
[14]杜春雷. ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003. 11-21
[15]叶嘉雄,常大定,陈汝钧.光电系统与信号处理.北京:科学出版社, 1997. 1-388
[16] ADI. AD536A, Integrated Circuit, True RMS-to-DC Converter. ANALOG DEVICES, 1999, 5(3): 14-22
[17] Samsung. S3C24l0X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor Developer’s Manual. Revl 2, 2002. 1-27
[18]郝永君.嵌入式Linux的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文].西安:电子科技大学图书馆, 2005
[19] Toshiyuki Miyachi, Ken-ichi Chinen, Yoichi Shinoda. Automatic configuration and execution of Internet experiments on an actual node-based testbed. Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2005, 7(3): 3-7
[20] KarimYaglunour. Building Embedded Linux System. O’REILLY, 2004. 53-77
[21]慕春棣主编.嵌入式系统的构建.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 36-112
[22] D.Tabara, H.Rijanto, B.Sabbattini. Embedded Web Technology: Adding a New Dimension to Protection and Control[J]. ABB Review, 2001. 211-217
[23] W.Richard Stevens. TCP/IP详解,卷1:协议.范建华译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000. 14-17
[24]周明天,汪文勇. TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 1993. 10-14
[25]张满怀.嵌入式TCP/IP协议研究与实现: [硕士学位论文].广东:广东工业大学图书馆, 2001
[26] W Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated. Volume 1: The Protocol.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004. 45-58
[27] Jeremy Bentham. TCP/IP Lean Web Server for Embedded Systems 2E. CMP Books, 2003. 65-70
[28] Jeremy Bentham.嵌入式系统Web服务器TCP/IP Lean.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003. 43-55, 78-90
[29] Douglas E Comer. Internetworking with TCP/IP. Prentice Hall, 1998. 99-102
[30]谢希仁.计算机网络. (第四版).北京:电子工业出版社. 2003. 181-223
[31] [美]W.Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff. Unix网络编程. (第三版).杨继张译.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005. 30-37
[32]施威铭研究室. Internet协议概念与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001. 20-32
[33] Burk.R. UNIX技术大全: Internet卷[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1998. 143-155
[34] R.Fielding. Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1. RFC2616, 1999, 10(4): 37-44
[35] J.Franks. HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication. RFC2716, 1999, 10(2): 20-22
[36] Warren W Gay.实战Linux Socket编程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002. 58-76
[37] Juszkiewicz.K. UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1: The Sockets Networking. Communications Magazine, 2004, 42(05): 20-21
[38]张海光.浅谈Linux下的多线程编程.中国科技信息, 2001, 7(03): 51-53
[39] W Richard Stevens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment. Addison Wesley, 2002. 284-301
[40] Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman. Linux设备驱动程序. (第三版).魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006. 46-75
[41]马忠梅,李善平,康慨等. ARM & Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004. 112-131
[2] Vytenis Babrauskas. Commentary Designing Products for Fire Performance: the State of the Art of Test Methods and Fire Models[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 1995, 24(11): 299-312
[3]张庆阳,张沅,李莉等.大气探测技术发展概述.气象科技, 2003, 31(2): 119-122
[4]张波.激光羽烟透过率动态测量的信号检测与处理: [硕士学位论文].武汉:华中科技大学图书馆, 2005
[5] Advisory group for aerospace research and development neuilly-sur-seine (France). Terminology and assessment methods of solid propellant rocket exhaust signature[R]. AGARD 2AR2287, 1993, 7(3): 3-20
[6] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux device driver. O’ReillyPress, 2005. 34-50
[7]范国闯,钟华,黄涛等. Web应用服务器研究综述.软件学报, 2003, 14(10): 1728- 1739
[8]宋薇薇.群集系统中的几种负载均衡技术.程序, 2002, 9(13): 16-18
[9]杨和东.基于LVS的网站服务器群的负载均衡.现代图书情报技术, 2001, 4(7): l-3
[10]孙景群.激光大气探测. (第一版).北京:科学出版社, 1986. 18-24
[11] Loepfe M, Ryser P, Tompkin C, et al. Optical properties of fire and non2fire aerosols. Fire Safety Journal, 1997, 29(7): 185-194
[12]林树昌,胡乃非.分析化学. (第一版).北京:高等教育出版社, 1993. 491-501
[13]张大波.嵌入式系统原理、设计与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2005. 23-27
[14]杜春雷. ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2003. 11-21
[15]叶嘉雄,常大定,陈汝钧.光电系统与信号处理.北京:科学出版社, 1997. 1-388
[16] ADI. AD536A, Integrated Circuit, True RMS-to-DC Converter. ANALOG DEVICES, 1999, 5(3): 14-22
[17] Samsung. S3C24l0X 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor Developer’s Manual. Revl 2, 2002. 1-27
[18]郝永君.嵌入式Linux的研究与应用: [硕士学位论文].西安:电子科技大学图书馆, 2005
[19] Toshiyuki Miyachi, Ken-ichi Chinen, Yoichi Shinoda. Automatic configuration and execution of Internet experiments on an actual node-based testbed. Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2005, 7(3): 3-7
[20] KarimYaglunour. Building Embedded Linux System. O’REILLY, 2004. 53-77
[21]慕春棣主编.嵌入式系统的构建.北京:清华大学出版社, 2004. 36-112
[22] D.Tabara, H.Rijanto, B.Sabbattini. Embedded Web Technology: Adding a New Dimension to Protection and Control[J]. ABB Review, 2001. 211-217
[23] W.Richard Stevens. TCP/IP详解,卷1:协议.范建华译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000. 14-17
[24]周明天,汪文勇. TCP/IP网络原理与技术.北京:清华大学出版社, 1993. 10-14
[25]张满怀.嵌入式TCP/IP协议研究与实现: [硕士学位论文].广东:广东工业大学图书馆, 2001
[26] W Richard Stevens. TCP/IP Illustrated. Volume 1: The Protocol.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004. 45-58
[27] Jeremy Bentham. TCP/IP Lean Web Server for Embedded Systems 2E. CMP Books, 2003. 65-70
[28] Jeremy Bentham.嵌入式系统Web服务器TCP/IP Lean.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003. 43-55, 78-90
[29] Douglas E Comer. Internetworking with TCP/IP. Prentice Hall, 1998. 99-102
[30]谢希仁.计算机网络. (第四版).北京:电子工业出版社. 2003. 181-223
[31] [美]W.Richard Stevens, Bill Fenner, Andrew M. Rudoff. Unix网络编程. (第三版).杨继张译.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005. 30-37
[32]施威铭研究室. Internet协议概念与实践[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2001. 20-32
[33] Burk.R. UNIX技术大全: Internet卷[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 1998. 143-155
[34] R.Fielding. Hypertext Transfer Protocol-HTTP/1.1. RFC2616, 1999, 10(4): 37-44
[35] J.Franks. HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication. RFC2716, 1999, 10(2): 20-22
[36] Warren W Gay.实战Linux Socket编程.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002. 58-76
[37] Juszkiewicz.K. UNIX Network Programming, Volume 1: The Sockets Networking. Communications Magazine, 2004, 42(05): 20-21
[38]张海光.浅谈Linux下的多线程编程.中国科技信息, 2001, 7(03): 51-53
[39] W Richard Stevens. Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment. Addison Wesley, 2002. 284-301
[40] Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman. Linux设备驱动程序. (第三版).魏永明,耿岳,钟书毅译.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006. 46-75
[41]马忠梅,李善平,康慨等. ARM & Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004. 112-131
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