西部地区统筹城乡发展的模式与运行机制研究
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摘要
日益扩大的城乡差距已经成为建设社会主义和谐社会进程中一个不和谐的音符,直接影响了国民经济的协调发展和社会的安定团结。因此,党中央国务院在十六大上提出了统筹城乡经济社会发展的战略思想,希望通过统筹的方式来协调和处理城乡关系,从根本上解决“三农问题”。与全国的城乡差距相比,西部地区的城乡差距表现得更为显著。2007年6月,国家批准在西部的重庆和成都设立统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区,这一举措既是推动区域协调发展的战略部署,也体现了中央解决西部地区城乡发展问题的信心和决心。在这种背景下,研究西部地区统筹城乡发展的模式和运行机制有着重要的理论和实践意义。
本论文主要包括以下六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍了本文的研究背景、拟解决的问题、国内外研究动态以及研究内容和方法。第二部分介绍了城乡二元结构的演进以及城乡发展的理论体系,其中增长极理论、核心外围论、“次级城市发展战略”理论和城乡网络化发展理论为统筹城乡发展的可选模式提供了有效的理论依据。第三部分通过构建统筹城乡发展水平的评价指标体系对西部十个省(市、自治区)的统筹城乡发展现状进行实证分析,认为西部各地区统筹城乡发展水平的差距较大,大体上呈现由东向西发展水平逐渐降低的局面。第四部分在西部地区统筹城乡发展的宏观框架下为不同地区选择了不同的发展模式,分别是:重庆和四川采用城乡网络化发展模式;陕西、甘肃和宁夏采用以城带乡与城乡网络化相结合的发展模式;新疆和青海采用“多级中心、梯次辐射”的以城带乡模式,贵州和云南采用中等城市优先发展模式,西藏采用点轴开发模式。第五部分构建了西部地区统筹城乡发展的运行机制框架,即城市和农村在政府和市场的共同作用下,通过资源配置机制来实现资源要素在城市和农村之间的合理流动和优化配置,同时以西部地区的统筹城乡发展规划为行动指南,以完善的制度体系和法律体系为保障机制,以动力机制为“推进器”,按照西部地区的统筹城乡发展的模式进行运作,通过城乡联系和相互作用,最终实现西部地区的城乡统筹发展,然后以重庆地区为例来剖析其运行机制作用的过程和方式,并对重庆地区的经验和启示进行了总结。第六部分为结论,对全文的研究成果进行了总结。
The increasing disparity between the rural and urban areas has become an inharmonious element during the construction of the harmonious socialism, which influences both the coordinative development of national economy and the stability of the society. Therefore, the Communist Party and State Department of China brings forward the strategic thought aimed at improving the rural and urban economy and society. It is hoped that the disparity between rural and urban areas and three-dimensional rural issues can be solved fundamentally through this way. Compared with the whole country, the disparity between the western rural and urban areas is more distinct. However, in June, 2007, Chongqing and Chengdu, the representatives of western China have been set up as the reform testing regions, which aimed at developing the western area and displaying confidence and resolution held by the government to decrease the gap between the rural and the urban, the east and the west. Under this background, the research on the model and operational mechanism of the western China’s overall development of the rural and urban areas has significant academic and practical meaning.
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the background of the study, the problems need to be solved, research state in and outside China, the research content and the methods to approach it.
Chapter 2 introduces the evolution of the urban and rural dualistic structure and the academic system of the rural and urban development.
Chapter 3 constructs an evaluation Index System of overall development of the rural and urban area based on the status of 10 provinces in western China. Thus gets a conclusion that the disparity between the rural and urban area in different provinces is huge, and it decreases from east area to west area.
Chapter 4 chooses different development patterns of different areas under the macro frame of overall development of western rural and urban areas: Chongqing and Sichuan adopts the pattern of the urban-rural networking; Shaanxi,Ningxia and Gansu adopts the pattern of both urban-rural networking and developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas; Xinjiang and Qinghai adopts the pattern of developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas; Guizhou and Yunnan and adopts the pattern of developing the medium level city first; Tibet adopts the pattern of the dot-axis development.
Chapter 5 constructs the operational mechanism of overall development of the western rural and urban areas. Namely, to utilize and circulate the resource in the city and countryside by the resource collocated mechanism, under the effect of government and market,. Takes the layout of the overall development of western rural and urban areas as guide and takes the motivity as a thruster according to the pattern of the overall development of western rural and urban areas. Though this way, implements the development of western rural and urban areas to achieve the reciprocity between urban and rural areas.
Chapter 6 gives a conclusion of the whole paper.
本论文主要包括以下六个部分:第一部分为绪论,主要介绍了本文的研究背景、拟解决的问题、国内外研究动态以及研究内容和方法。第二部分介绍了城乡二元结构的演进以及城乡发展的理论体系,其中增长极理论、核心外围论、“次级城市发展战略”理论和城乡网络化发展理论为统筹城乡发展的可选模式提供了有效的理论依据。第三部分通过构建统筹城乡发展水平的评价指标体系对西部十个省(市、自治区)的统筹城乡发展现状进行实证分析,认为西部各地区统筹城乡发展水平的差距较大,大体上呈现由东向西发展水平逐渐降低的局面。第四部分在西部地区统筹城乡发展的宏观框架下为不同地区选择了不同的发展模式,分别是:重庆和四川采用城乡网络化发展模式;陕西、甘肃和宁夏采用以城带乡与城乡网络化相结合的发展模式;新疆和青海采用“多级中心、梯次辐射”的以城带乡模式,贵州和云南采用中等城市优先发展模式,西藏采用点轴开发模式。第五部分构建了西部地区统筹城乡发展的运行机制框架,即城市和农村在政府和市场的共同作用下,通过资源配置机制来实现资源要素在城市和农村之间的合理流动和优化配置,同时以西部地区的统筹城乡发展规划为行动指南,以完善的制度体系和法律体系为保障机制,以动力机制为“推进器”,按照西部地区的统筹城乡发展的模式进行运作,通过城乡联系和相互作用,最终实现西部地区的城乡统筹发展,然后以重庆地区为例来剖析其运行机制作用的过程和方式,并对重庆地区的经验和启示进行了总结。第六部分为结论,对全文的研究成果进行了总结。
The increasing disparity between the rural and urban areas has become an inharmonious element during the construction of the harmonious socialism, which influences both the coordinative development of national economy and the stability of the society. Therefore, the Communist Party and State Department of China brings forward the strategic thought aimed at improving the rural and urban economy and society. It is hoped that the disparity between rural and urban areas and three-dimensional rural issues can be solved fundamentally through this way. Compared with the whole country, the disparity between the western rural and urban areas is more distinct. However, in June, 2007, Chongqing and Chengdu, the representatives of western China have been set up as the reform testing regions, which aimed at developing the western area and displaying confidence and resolution held by the government to decrease the gap between the rural and the urban, the east and the west. Under this background, the research on the model and operational mechanism of the western China’s overall development of the rural and urban areas has significant academic and practical meaning.
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the background of the study, the problems need to be solved, research state in and outside China, the research content and the methods to approach it.
Chapter 2 introduces the evolution of the urban and rural dualistic structure and the academic system of the rural and urban development.
Chapter 3 constructs an evaluation Index System of overall development of the rural and urban area based on the status of 10 provinces in western China. Thus gets a conclusion that the disparity between the rural and urban area in different provinces is huge, and it decreases from east area to west area.
Chapter 4 chooses different development patterns of different areas under the macro frame of overall development of western rural and urban areas: Chongqing and Sichuan adopts the pattern of the urban-rural networking; Shaanxi,Ningxia and Gansu adopts the pattern of both urban-rural networking and developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas; Xinjiang and Qinghai adopts the pattern of developing the rural areas with the aid of the urban areas; Guizhou and Yunnan and adopts the pattern of developing the medium level city first; Tibet adopts the pattern of the dot-axis development.
Chapter 5 constructs the operational mechanism of overall development of the western rural and urban areas. Namely, to utilize and circulate the resource in the city and countryside by the resource collocated mechanism, under the effect of government and market,. Takes the layout of the overall development of western rural and urban areas as guide and takes the motivity as a thruster according to the pattern of the overall development of western rural and urban areas. Though this way, implements the development of western rural and urban areas to achieve the reciprocity between urban and rural areas.
Chapter 6 gives a conclusion of the whole paper.
引文
[1]王华,陈烈.西方城乡发展理论研究进展[J].经济地理, 2006, 26(3):463-468.
[2]宣讯.城乡统筹论[D].成都:西南财经大学, 2004.
[3]郑慧玲.基于城乡统筹视角的城市化问题研究[D].成都:西南财经大学, 2006.
[4]常欣.青岛市城乡统筹发展研究与优化[D].青岛:山东科技大学, 2006.
[5]张伟.试论城乡协调发展及其规划[J].城市规划, 2005, (1):79-83.
[6]赵勇.城乡良性互动战略[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2004:38.
[7]谢培秀. CGE模型与中国二元经济结构转化研究[J].重庆工商大学学报, 2006, 16(6):23-25.
[8]曾菊新.现代城乡网络化发展模式[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[9] STOHR, TAYLOR. Development from above or below ? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries [M].Wiley, Chichester, 1981.
[10] GERMAN ADELL. Theories and models of the peri-urban interface: a changing conceptual landscape [EB/OL]. Strategic Environmental Planning and Management for the Peri-urban Interface Research Project, 1999.http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/pui,1999.
[11] FRIEDMAN J R. Regional development policy: a case study of Venezuela [A]. Combridge: The MIT press, 1966.
[12] DOUGLASS, MIKE. A regional network strategy for reciprocal rural-urban linkages [J]. An Agenda for Policy Research with Reference to Indonesia. Third World Planning Review, 1998(a), 20(1).
[13] LIPTON, MICHAEL. Why poor people stay poor: urban bias in world development [M]. Maurice T. Smith, London, 1977.
[14] CORBREIDGE S. Urban bias, rural bias and industrialization: an appraisal of the works of Michael Lipton and terry byres[A]. In HARRISSJ, eds. Rural Development: Theories of Peasant Economy and Agrarian Change[C]. Hutchins ton, London, 1982. 94-116.
[15] UNWIN, TIM. Urban-rural interaction in developing countries: a theoretical perspective [A]. In POTTER, UNWIN, eds. The Geography of Urban-rural Interaction in Developing Countries: Essavs for Alan B[C]. Mount joy, Rout ledge, London, 1989.
[16] FRIEDMAN, JOHN, MIKE DOUGLASS. Agropolitan development: towards a new strategy for regional planning in Asia [M]. University of California, Los Angeles, 1975.
[17] RONDINELLI, DENNIS, HUGH ECANS. Integrated regional development planning: linking urban centers and rural areas in Bolivia [J]. In World Development, 1983,11(1).
[18] MCGEE T G. Labor force change and mobility in the extended metropolitan regions of Asia [A]. In ROLAND FUCHS, eds. Mega-City Growth and The Future [C]. U N: University Press, 1994.62-102.
[19]曾磊,雷军,鲁奇.我国城乡关联度评价指标体系构建及区域比较分析[J].地理研究, 2002, 21(6) :763-771.
[20]李岳云,陈勇,孙林.城乡统筹及其评价方法[J].农业技术经济, 2004, (1):24-30.
[21]高珊,徐元明,徐志明.城乡统筹的评估体系探讨[J].农业现代化研究, 2006, 27(4): 262-265.
[22]段娟,鲁奇,文余源.我国区域城乡互动与关联发展综合评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2005, 15(1): 76-81.
[23]付海英,郝晋珉,朱德举,安萍莉.市域城乡统筹现状评价及其影响因素关联分析[J].农业技术经济, 2006, (5): 44-49.
[24]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕等著.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[25]张文学.西部农村教育的困境及发展对策探析[J].中国教育创新, 2008,(2).
[26]武康平,费淳璐.西部经济增长的方式和途径[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2004..
[27]陈德敏,孟帮燕,林勇.区域生产力布局模式选择分析[J].开发研究, 2005, (4) : 77-80.
[28]陈德敏.论西部大开发中战略重点的抉择[J].中国软科学, 2002, (2): 89-92.
[29]陈德敏,唐浩阳,秦鹏.可持续发展理念下的经济战略选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2003,13(2):6-10.
[30]刘炜,黄忠伟.统筹城乡社会发展的战略选择及制度构建[J].改革, 2004(4): 10-18.
[2]宣讯.城乡统筹论[D].成都:西南财经大学, 2004.
[3]郑慧玲.基于城乡统筹视角的城市化问题研究[D].成都:西南财经大学, 2006.
[4]常欣.青岛市城乡统筹发展研究与优化[D].青岛:山东科技大学, 2006.
[5]张伟.试论城乡协调发展及其规划[J].城市规划, 2005, (1):79-83.
[6]赵勇.城乡良性互动战略[M].北京:商务印书馆, 2004:38.
[7]谢培秀. CGE模型与中国二元经济结构转化研究[J].重庆工商大学学报, 2006, 16(6):23-25.
[8]曾菊新.现代城乡网络化发展模式[M].北京:科学出版社, 2001.
[9] STOHR, TAYLOR. Development from above or below ? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries [M].Wiley, Chichester, 1981.
[10] GERMAN ADELL. Theories and models of the peri-urban interface: a changing conceptual landscape [EB/OL]. Strategic Environmental Planning and Management for the Peri-urban Interface Research Project, 1999.http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dpu/pui,1999.
[11] FRIEDMAN J R. Regional development policy: a case study of Venezuela [A]. Combridge: The MIT press, 1966.
[12] DOUGLASS, MIKE. A regional network strategy for reciprocal rural-urban linkages [J]. An Agenda for Policy Research with Reference to Indonesia. Third World Planning Review, 1998(a), 20(1).
[13] LIPTON, MICHAEL. Why poor people stay poor: urban bias in world development [M]. Maurice T. Smith, London, 1977.
[14] CORBREIDGE S. Urban bias, rural bias and industrialization: an appraisal of the works of Michael Lipton and terry byres[A]. In HARRISSJ, eds. Rural Development: Theories of Peasant Economy and Agrarian Change[C]. Hutchins ton, London, 1982. 94-116.
[15] UNWIN, TIM. Urban-rural interaction in developing countries: a theoretical perspective [A]. In POTTER, UNWIN, eds. The Geography of Urban-rural Interaction in Developing Countries: Essavs for Alan B[C]. Mount joy, Rout ledge, London, 1989.
[16] FRIEDMAN, JOHN, MIKE DOUGLASS. Agropolitan development: towards a new strategy for regional planning in Asia [M]. University of California, Los Angeles, 1975.
[17] RONDINELLI, DENNIS, HUGH ECANS. Integrated regional development planning: linking urban centers and rural areas in Bolivia [J]. In World Development, 1983,11(1).
[18] MCGEE T G. Labor force change and mobility in the extended metropolitan regions of Asia [A]. In ROLAND FUCHS, eds. Mega-City Growth and The Future [C]. U N: University Press, 1994.62-102.
[19]曾磊,雷军,鲁奇.我国城乡关联度评价指标体系构建及区域比较分析[J].地理研究, 2002, 21(6) :763-771.
[20]李岳云,陈勇,孙林.城乡统筹及其评价方法[J].农业技术经济, 2004, (1):24-30.
[21]高珊,徐元明,徐志明.城乡统筹的评估体系探讨[J].农业现代化研究, 2006, 27(4): 262-265.
[22]段娟,鲁奇,文余源.我国区域城乡互动与关联发展综合评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2005, 15(1): 76-81.
[23]付海英,郝晋珉,朱德举,安萍莉.市域城乡统筹现状评价及其影响因素关联分析[J].农业技术经济, 2006, (5): 44-49.
[24]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕等著.灰色系统理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2004.
[25]张文学.西部农村教育的困境及发展对策探析[J].中国教育创新, 2008,(2).
[26]武康平,费淳璐.西部经济增长的方式和途径[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2004..
[27]陈德敏,孟帮燕,林勇.区域生产力布局模式选择分析[J].开发研究, 2005, (4) : 77-80.
[28]陈德敏.论西部大开发中战略重点的抉择[J].中国软科学, 2002, (2): 89-92.
[29]陈德敏,唐浩阳,秦鹏.可持续发展理念下的经济战略选择[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2003,13(2):6-10.
[30]刘炜,黄忠伟.统筹城乡社会发展的战略选择及制度构建[J].改革, 2004(4): 10-18.