有源电力滤波器谐波和无功电流的一种实时检测方法
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展，近年来电网中象整流器、变频器、电弧炉这样具有非线性、冲击性和不平衡用电特性的负荷不断增加，引起供电网中的电流(电压)畸变，产生大量谐波。这些谐波的存在不但对电网造成了污染，而且给用电设备带来危害。谐波污染已成为供电系统中不容忽视的问题之一，已引起了人们的关注。
本论文针对谐波问题，叙述了谐波产生的原因及危害，介绍了常用的有源电力滤波器及其工作原理，并分析了有源电力滤波器采用的谐波电流检测方法，在此基础上，提出了一种分离基波幅值的谐波和无功电流检测方法即FAS法(fundamental amplitude separated)。该方法利用三角函数的特性，对畸变电流中的基波成分和无功电流分量的振幅分别进行计算，然后经过低通滤波器把它们分离出来，最后得到基波有功和无功电流分量。这种方法克服了以往采用固定频率滤波器带来的相移和频率漂移问题，而且结构简单。为了说明方法的正确性，本文除了对其进行了必要的论证还进行了仿真研究，并阐述了各个参数变化对谐波补偿效果的影响。仿真分析结果表明了该方法的可行性，并对具体电路进行了设计分析。
As technique of power electronics develops, the load with nonlinear, impactive, unbalanced characteristics such as current rectifiers, frequency converters, arc furnaces have been increasingly used in power network in recent years. They generate lots of harmonics and cause distortion in power electrical network current (voltage). Power networks had been polluted by harmonics, which do harm to electrical equipments. Harmonic pollution has been one of the non-negligible problems in power supply systems and catches people's eye.
To problem that caused by harmonic, this paper depicts the reason of harmonic's bringing and the harm of harmonic introduces active power filters that are in common use and its principle and analyzes harmonic and reactive power current detecting approaches used in active power filter. On this condition, a harmonics and reactive power current detecting approach that the amplitude of fundamental component is separated in it is advanced. This approach is called FAS. This approach uses characteristics of trigonometric function, respectively computes the amplitude of fundamental component and inactive power current separates them by low pass filter and acquires and inactive power current. This approach the problem of conquers phase excursion and frequency drift that anciently adopts fixed frequency filter and its frame is simple. In order to prove the correctness of the approach, some necessary reasoning and a simulate research based on the approach are done in this paper. The effect to compensating harmonic caused by each parameter's change is expounded. The result of the simulation indicates the feasibility of the approach. The practical circuit is designed and analyzed.
本论文针对谐波问题，叙述了谐波产生的原因及危害，介绍了常用的有源电力滤波器及其工作原理，并分析了有源电力滤波器采用的谐波电流检测方法，在此基础上，提出了一种分离基波幅值的谐波和无功电流检测方法即FAS法(fundamental amplitude separated)。该方法利用三角函数的特性，对畸变电流中的基波成分和无功电流分量的振幅分别进行计算，然后经过低通滤波器把它们分离出来，最后得到基波有功和无功电流分量。这种方法克服了以往采用固定频率滤波器带来的相移和频率漂移问题，而且结构简单。为了说明方法的正确性，本文除了对其进行了必要的论证还进行了仿真研究，并阐述了各个参数变化对谐波补偿效果的影响。仿真分析结果表明了该方法的可行性，并对具体电路进行了设计分析。
As technique of power electronics develops, the load with nonlinear, impactive, unbalanced characteristics such as current rectifiers, frequency converters, arc furnaces have been increasingly used in power network in recent years. They generate lots of harmonics and cause distortion in power electrical network current (voltage). Power networks had been polluted by harmonics, which do harm to electrical equipments. Harmonic pollution has been one of the non-negligible problems in power supply systems and catches people's eye.
To problem that caused by harmonic, this paper depicts the reason of harmonic's bringing and the harm of harmonic introduces active power filters that are in common use and its principle and analyzes harmonic and reactive power current detecting approaches used in active power filter. On this condition, a harmonics and reactive power current detecting approach that the amplitude of fundamental component is separated in it is advanced. This approach is called FAS. This approach uses characteristics of trigonometric function, respectively computes the amplitude of fundamental component and inactive power current separates them by low pass filter and acquires and inactive power current. This approach the problem of conquers phase excursion and frequency drift that anciently adopts fixed frequency filter and its frame is simple. In order to prove the correctness of the approach, some necessary reasoning and a simulate research based on the approach are done in this paper. The effect to compensating harmonic caused by each parameter's change is expounded. The result of the simulation indicates the feasibility of the approach. The practical circuit is designed and analyzed.
引文
1 熊一权。电力系统中的谐波污染及对策。黑龙江电力，2001(8)
2．林海雪，孙树勤。电力网中的谐波。北京：中国电力出版社，1998
3．王兆安，杨君，刘进军。谐波抑制和无功功率补偿。北京：机械工业出版社，1998
4．汤钰鹏，徐建军。高次谐波产生的原因、危害及其抑制。电气传动自动化，2000(2)
5. Power Harashima F electronics and motion control —a future perspective Proceeding of IEEE, 1994, 82 (8): 1107—1111
6. New Akagi H trends in active filters. In:Proceedings of EPE' 95, Sevila, 1995, 17-26
7. Kanazawa Akagi Nabase H Y, Generalized A. theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits. IEEE&JIEE, Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: IEEE, 1983. 1375-1386
8．沈龙大等。电网高次谐波有源抑制装置的工业应用。电气传动，1993(5)
9．陆延信等。有源型谐波抑制无功补偿装置计算机仿真及实验研究。电气传动，1989(6)
10．颜晓庆，王兆安。电力有源滤波器及其新发展。电工技术杂志，1998(7)
11. Cameron Malcom M. Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering . IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1993, vol. 29(1)
12．杨君，王兆安，卓放。基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测。电力电子技术，1992(2)
13．卓放，王兆安。有源电力滤波器的发展与应用。电源技术应用，2000(6)
14．李玉梅，马伟明，唐爱红。电力有源滤波器的研究现状及其发展。海军工程学院学报，1999(3)
15. Yocichi Hayashi, Noriaki Sato, Kinzo Takahashi. A novel control of a current-source active filter for ac power system harmonic compensation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1991.27 (2)
16. Luigi Malesani, Leopoldo Rossetto, Paolo Tenti. Active power filter with hybrid energy storge. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1991, 6(3)
17. Hirofumi Akagi, Yushifumi Tsukamoto, Akira Nabae. Analysisi and design of an active power filter using quad-series voltage source PWM converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1990.26(1)
18. Simone Buso, Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli. Comparison of Current Control Techniques for ActiveFilter Applications. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 1998, 45 (5)
19. Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli, Paolo Tomasion. High-Performace Hystersis
Modulation Technique for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics. 1997, 12(5)
20. Moran L A, Dixon JW, Watlance R R. A Three- Phase Active Power Filter Operating with Fixed Switching Frequency for Reactive Power and Current Harmonic Compensation. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electron-ics, 1995,42(4):402～408
21．Doulal P, et al．刘彦军，李庚银摘译，有源电力滤波器的协调三相滞后控制法，电力情报，1995(2)
22．唐中琦，谢运祥．有源滤波器补偿电流的检测与控制．电工电能新技术，1998(4)
23．邹云屏，李潇。信号变换与处理。华中理工大学出版社。1994，202～206
24．吴竟昌。供电系统谐波，中国电力出版社。1998 383～384
25. Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabase A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1984, 20 (3) :625～630
26．李民，王兆安，卓放。基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测。电力电子技术，1992(2)
27．叶忠明，董伯藩，钱照明。谐波电流的提取方法。电力系统自动化。1997，Vol．21，No．12
28．童师白。模拟电子技术基础。北京：高等教育出版社，1988
29．孙亮，自动控制原理。北京：高等教育出版社，1998
30．杨君，王兆安．三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J]．电工技术学报，1995(2)
31．杨君．谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究[D]．西安：西安交通大学，1996．
32．王群，吴宁，苏向丰．一种适用于有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测方法[A]．第五届全国电路理论及应用学术研讨会论文集[C]．1997：137～140．
33．程卫国，冯峰，王雪梅，刘艺。MATLAB5.3精要、编程及高级应用。北京：机械工业出版社，2000
34．马晓军，陈建业，王仲鸿，韩英铎，陈伟基，陈永红。单相并联型有源滤波器的研究。清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1997(7)
35．王群，姚为正，王兆安。低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响。西安交通大学学报，1999(4)
36．方佩敏，张国华。最新集成电路应用指南。北京：电子工业出版社，1996。
2．林海雪，孙树勤。电力网中的谐波。北京：中国电力出版社，1998
3．王兆安，杨君，刘进军。谐波抑制和无功功率补偿。北京：机械工业出版社，1998
4．汤钰鹏，徐建军。高次谐波产生的原因、危害及其抑制。电气传动自动化，2000(2)
5. Power Harashima F electronics and motion control —a future perspective Proceeding of IEEE, 1994, 82 (8): 1107—1111
6. New Akagi H trends in active filters. In:Proceedings of EPE' 95, Sevila, 1995, 17-26
7. Kanazawa Akagi Nabase H Y, Generalized A. theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits. IEEE&JIEE, Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: IEEE, 1983. 1375-1386
8．沈龙大等。电网高次谐波有源抑制装置的工业应用。电气传动，1993(5)
9．陆延信等。有源型谐波抑制无功补偿装置计算机仿真及实验研究。电气传动，1989(6)
10．颜晓庆，王兆安。电力有源滤波器及其新发展。电工技术杂志，1998(7)
11. Cameron Malcom M. Trends in power factor correction with harmonic filtering . IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1993, vol. 29(1)
12．杨君，王兆安，卓放。基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测。电力电子技术，1992(2)
13．卓放，王兆安。有源电力滤波器的发展与应用。电源技术应用，2000(6)
14．李玉梅，马伟明，唐爱红。电力有源滤波器的研究现状及其发展。海军工程学院学报，1999(3)
15. Yocichi Hayashi, Noriaki Sato, Kinzo Takahashi. A novel control of a current-source active filter for ac power system harmonic compensation. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1991.27 (2)
16. Luigi Malesani, Leopoldo Rossetto, Paolo Tenti. Active power filter with hybrid energy storge. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1991, 6(3)
17. Hirofumi Akagi, Yushifumi Tsukamoto, Akira Nabae. Analysisi and design of an active power filter using quad-series voltage source PWM converters. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., 1990.26(1)
18. Simone Buso, Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli. Comparison of Current Control Techniques for ActiveFilter Applications. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, 1998, 45 (5)
19. Luigi Malesani, Paolo Mattavelli, Paolo Tomasion. High-Performace Hystersis
Modulation Technique for Active Filters. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics. 1997, 12(5)
20. Moran L A, Dixon JW, Watlance R R. A Three- Phase Active Power Filter Operating with Fixed Switching Frequency for Reactive Power and Current Harmonic Compensation. IEEE Trans. Industrial Electron-ics, 1995,42(4):402～408
21．Doulal P, et al．刘彦军，李庚银摘译，有源电力滤波器的协调三相滞后控制法，电力情报，1995(2)
22．唐中琦，谢运祥．有源滤波器补偿电流的检测与控制．电工电能新技术，1998(4)
23．邹云屏，李潇。信号变换与处理。华中理工大学出版社。1994，202～206
24．吴竟昌。供电系统谐波，中国电力出版社。1998 383～384
25. Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabase A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components. IEEE Trans Ind Appl, 1984, 20 (3) :625～630
26．李民，王兆安，卓放。基于瞬时无功功率理论的高次谐波和无功功率检测。电力电子技术，1992(2)
27．叶忠明，董伯藩，钱照明。谐波电流的提取方法。电力系统自动化。1997，Vol．21，No．12
28．童师白。模拟电子技术基础。北京：高等教育出版社，1988
29．孙亮，自动控制原理。北京：高等教育出版社，1998
30．杨君，王兆安．三相电路谐波电流两种检测方法的对比研究[J]．电工技术学报，1995(2)
31．杨君．谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究[D]．西安：西安交通大学，1996．
32．王群，吴宁，苏向丰．一种适用于有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测方法[A]．第五届全国电路理论及应用学术研讨会论文集[C]．1997：137～140．
33．程卫国，冯峰，王雪梅，刘艺。MATLAB5.3精要、编程及高级应用。北京：机械工业出版社，2000
34．马晓军，陈建业，王仲鸿，韩英铎，陈伟基，陈永红。单相并联型有源滤波器的研究。清华大学学报(自然科学版)，1997(7)
35．王群，姚为正，王兆安。低通滤波器对谐波检测电路的影响。西安交通大学学报，1999(4)
36．方佩敏，张国华。最新集成电路应用指南。北京：电子工业出版社，1996。