高寒草甸土壤碳和氮及微生物生物量碳和氮对温度和降水量变化的响应
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摘要
土壤有机碳和氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮对温度和降水变化的响应时气候变化对陆地生态系统碳氮循环影响的关键。本研究以青藏高原的高寒草甸生态系统土壤为研究对象,采用野外控制实验方法,测定分析了不同季节不同温度和降水处理下土壤碳和氮含量以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量,以探索土壤有机碳和氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮对温度和降水变化的响应趋势、土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量的季节变化以及土壤碳和氮含量与土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量之间的相关关系。初步结果如下：
1.在冰雪覆盖前的生长季,降水量和温度变化对高寒草甸土壤有机碳和全氮含量的影响与土层及降水与温度变化的交互作用有关。降水量变化对高寒草甸土壤有机碳含量影响不大,降水量不变时增温将使高寒草甸表层土壤的有机碳含量减少,温度升高而降水量减少将使土壤底层全氮含量增加,降水量不变而温度升高将使土壤全氮含量减少。温度升高对高寒草甸土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量影响不大,温度不变而降水量减少将使底层土壤微生物生物量碳比例增加,温度升高而降水增加将使表层土壤微生物生物量氮比例增加。
2.在冰雪覆盖的休眠季,温度和降水量变化对土壤有机碳和全氮含量已经没有显著影响,但是温度升高而降水增加使得土壤碳氮比升高。温度和降水变化对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量也没有显著的影响,但降水增加增温使得土壤微生物生物量碳比例降低。
3.土壤有机碳含量在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季没有显著差别,但土壤全氮含量在休眠季后有显著升高并且土壤碳氮比在休眠季后有显著降低。土壤微生物生物量碳含量在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季没有显著差别,但土壤微生物生物量氮含量在修休眠季后有显著升高并且土壤微生物生物量碳氮比休眠季后有显著降低。土壤微生物生物量碳比例在冰雪覆盖前的休眠季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季后没有显著差别但是土壤微生物生物量氮比例在休眠季后有显著升高。
4.在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季土壤微生物生物量碳含量、微生物生物量氮含量分别与土壤有机碳及全氮含量呈显著的正相关关系。土壤微生物生物量氮含量与土壤微生物生物量碳含量也呈现显著的正相关性。土壤微生物生物量氮的比例和土壤微生物生物量碳比例的相关性不显著。土壤碳氮比和土壤微生物生物量碳氮比之间相关关系也不显著。
总结这些结果可以看出,高寒草甸生态系统中土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量对气候变化有一定响应,并且这种响应在冰雪覆盖前的生长季比在冰雪覆盖后的休眠季更加强烈。土壤有机碳和氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮呈一定的季节动态变化。土壤碳和氮与微生物生物量碳和氮呈显著的相关关系。
土壤有机碳和氮以及土壤微生物生物碳和氮对温度和降水变化响应机制非常复杂。本文还只是初步探讨了温度和降水变化对土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量影响趋势,其机制还需要进一步的深入研究。另外在研究中所设定温度的升高值较小,对于自然环境中的土壤微生物影响不够显著。建议改进实验方法,提出更为优化的方法,同时开展周期更长的试验,深入研究温度和降水变化对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响机制。
The response of soil organic carbon and soil organic nitrogen to change in temperature and precipitation is crucial for the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, alpine meadow ecosystem in Tibetan Plateau was chosen for a field experiment manipulating temperature and precipitation. The analysis of variance, the test of significance of difference were used to investigate how the soil organic carbon &nitrogen as well as microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen response to the variation of temperature and precipitation condition, the seasonal dynamics of the soil organic carbon &nitrogen as well as microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen, the relationship between the soil organic carbon & nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen.the main results are as follows:
In the growing season before snow covering, the effect of precipitation and temperature variation to the content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen is relevant to soil depth and the interaction between precipitation and temperature. The effect of the variation of precipitation amount on soil organic carbon is not significant. While increasing temperature and no changing precipitation amount would cause a decreasing in soil organic carbon content at surface soil layer, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in total soil nitrogen content at deep soil layer, while increasing temperature and on change on precipitation amount would cause a decreasing in total soil nitrogen content. Additionally, the variation of precipitation amount and temperature would not cause reduce soil microbial biomass C or N content under alpine meadows significantly, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass C at deep soil layer, while increasing temperature and increasing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass N at deep soil layer.
In the dormancy season with snow covering, the variation of temperature and precipitation amount had no significant effect to the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. While increasing temperature and increasing precipitation amount would cause an increasing the soil C:N ratio. The variation of temperature and precipitation also had no significant effect to the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, while increasing precipitation amount and increasing temperature would cause a decreasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass C at deep soil layer.
The soil organic carbon content showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the soil total nitrogen content increased after the dormancy season and the soil C:N decreased. The soil microbial biomass carbon content showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the soil microbial biomass nitrogen content increased after the dormancy season and the ratio of soil microbial biomass C:N decreased. The ration soil microbial biomass C showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the ratio of microbial biomass N decreased after the dormancy season.
In the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, the soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen content showed significantly positively correlation with the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content; the microbial biomass carbon content was positively significantly correlated with the microbial biornass nitrogen content; the ratio soil microbial biomass C showed no significantly correlation with the ratio of microbial biomass N; the ratio of soil C:N showed no significantly correlation with the ratio of microbial biomass C:N.
The results indicated that the soil organic carbon & total nitrogen content and, microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content under alpine meadow was slightly respond to the variation of temperature and precipitation.This response in the growing season before snow covering was stronger than that in the dormancy season with snow covering. The soil organic carbon & nitrogen content and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content all had the seasonal dynamic. The soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen content showed significantly positively correlation with the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content.
The mechanisms of soil organic carbon & nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation were complex. This study only investigated the trend of the soil organic carbon & nitrogen content and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation. The mechanisms of these need further study. The variation of the temperature in this study was not enough to effect on the soil microorganisms in field. So the experiment methods should be improved and the long-term field experiment should be constructed. The mechanisms of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation should also be further studied.
1.在冰雪覆盖前的生长季,降水量和温度变化对高寒草甸土壤有机碳和全氮含量的影响与土层及降水与温度变化的交互作用有关。降水量变化对高寒草甸土壤有机碳含量影响不大,降水量不变时增温将使高寒草甸表层土壤的有机碳含量减少,温度升高而降水量减少将使土壤底层全氮含量增加,降水量不变而温度升高将使土壤全氮含量减少。温度升高对高寒草甸土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量影响不大,温度不变而降水量减少将使底层土壤微生物生物量碳比例增加,温度升高而降水增加将使表层土壤微生物生物量氮比例增加。
2.在冰雪覆盖的休眠季,温度和降水量变化对土壤有机碳和全氮含量已经没有显著影响,但是温度升高而降水增加使得土壤碳氮比升高。温度和降水变化对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮含量也没有显著的影响,但降水增加增温使得土壤微生物生物量碳比例降低。
3.土壤有机碳含量在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季没有显著差别,但土壤全氮含量在休眠季后有显著升高并且土壤碳氮比在休眠季后有显著降低。土壤微生物生物量碳含量在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季没有显著差别,但土壤微生物生物量氮含量在修休眠季后有显著升高并且土壤微生物生物量碳氮比休眠季后有显著降低。土壤微生物生物量碳比例在冰雪覆盖前的休眠季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季后没有显著差别但是土壤微生物生物量氮比例在休眠季后有显著升高。
4.在冰雪覆盖前的生长季和冰雪覆盖的休眠季土壤微生物生物量碳含量、微生物生物量氮含量分别与土壤有机碳及全氮含量呈显著的正相关关系。土壤微生物生物量氮含量与土壤微生物生物量碳含量也呈现显著的正相关性。土壤微生物生物量氮的比例和土壤微生物生物量碳比例的相关性不显著。土壤碳氮比和土壤微生物生物量碳氮比之间相关关系也不显著。
总结这些结果可以看出,高寒草甸生态系统中土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量对气候变化有一定响应,并且这种响应在冰雪覆盖前的生长季比在冰雪覆盖后的休眠季更加强烈。土壤有机碳和氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮呈一定的季节动态变化。土壤碳和氮与微生物生物量碳和氮呈显著的相关关系。
土壤有机碳和氮以及土壤微生物生物碳和氮对温度和降水变化响应机制非常复杂。本文还只是初步探讨了温度和降水变化对土壤有机碳和全氮含量以及微生物生物量碳和氮含量影响趋势,其机制还需要进一步的深入研究。另外在研究中所设定温度的升高值较小,对于自然环境中的土壤微生物影响不够显著。建议改进实验方法,提出更为优化的方法,同时开展周期更长的试验,深入研究温度和降水变化对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响机制。
The response of soil organic carbon and soil organic nitrogen to change in temperature and precipitation is crucial for the effects of climate change on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles. In this study, alpine meadow ecosystem in Tibetan Plateau was chosen for a field experiment manipulating temperature and precipitation. The analysis of variance, the test of significance of difference were used to investigate how the soil organic carbon &nitrogen as well as microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen response to the variation of temperature and precipitation condition, the seasonal dynamics of the soil organic carbon &nitrogen as well as microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen, the relationship between the soil organic carbon & nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen.the main results are as follows:
In the growing season before snow covering, the effect of precipitation and temperature variation to the content of soil organic carbon and nitrogen is relevant to soil depth and the interaction between precipitation and temperature. The effect of the variation of precipitation amount on soil organic carbon is not significant. While increasing temperature and no changing precipitation amount would cause a decreasing in soil organic carbon content at surface soil layer, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in total soil nitrogen content at deep soil layer, while increasing temperature and on change on precipitation amount would cause a decreasing in total soil nitrogen content. Additionally, the variation of precipitation amount and temperature would not cause reduce soil microbial biomass C or N content under alpine meadows significantly, while increasing temperature and reducing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass C at deep soil layer, while increasing temperature and increasing precipitation amount would cause an increasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass N at deep soil layer.
In the dormancy season with snow covering, the variation of temperature and precipitation amount had no significant effect to the content of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content. While increasing temperature and increasing precipitation amount would cause an increasing the soil C:N ratio. The variation of temperature and precipitation also had no significant effect to the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, while increasing precipitation amount and increasing temperature would cause a decreasing in the ratio of soil microbial biomass C at deep soil layer.
The soil organic carbon content showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the soil total nitrogen content increased after the dormancy season and the soil C:N decreased. The soil microbial biomass carbon content showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the soil microbial biomass nitrogen content increased after the dormancy season and the ratio of soil microbial biomass C:N decreased. The ration soil microbial biomass C showed no significant difference in the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, but the ratio of microbial biomass N decreased after the dormancy season.
In the growing season before snows covering and the dormancy season with snow covering, the soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen content showed significantly positively correlation with the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content; the microbial biomass carbon content was positively significantly correlated with the microbial biornass nitrogen content; the ratio soil microbial biomass C showed no significantly correlation with the ratio of microbial biomass N; the ratio of soil C:N showed no significantly correlation with the ratio of microbial biomass C:N.
The results indicated that the soil organic carbon & total nitrogen content and, microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content under alpine meadow was slightly respond to the variation of temperature and precipitation.This response in the growing season before snow covering was stronger than that in the dormancy season with snow covering. The soil organic carbon & nitrogen content and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content all had the seasonal dynamic. The soil microbial biomass carbon or nitrogen content showed significantly positively correlation with the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content.
The mechanisms of soil organic carbon & nitrogen and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation were complex. This study only investigated the trend of the soil organic carbon & nitrogen content and soil microbial biomass carbon & nitrogen content responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation. The mechanisms of these need further study. The variation of the temperature in this study was not enough to effect on the soil microorganisms in field. So the experiment methods should be improved and the long-term field experiment should be constructed. The mechanisms of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen responding to the variation of temperature and precipitation should also be further studied.
引文
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