天然气发动机起动及怠速转速闭环控制的试验研究
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摘要
随着世界能源危机问题的突显和环境保护呼声的日益高涨,近年来天然气作为一种新型的代用燃料已经得到了人们广泛的关注与支持。
本文介绍了自主开发的发动机信号模拟发生装置,其可以真实地模拟出发动机的传感器信号;内置数码管显示,且人机界面友好,操作简单;该发动机信号模拟发生装置能够为电控单元ECU的调试提供各种发动机传感器信号,能够较好地反应出在发动机工况变化中传感器的内在关系,为ECU动态软件调试提供了良好的传感器信号模拟条件,是一种便携、低廉的发动机ECU辅助调试工具。
本文还介绍了自主开发的发动机转速采集系统,其可以实时准确地对发动机的转速信号进行采集,而且采集到的试验数据可以存储在Excel文件内,便于进行后期的离线数据分析;转速采集系统能够为发动机台架试验提供辅助作用,是一种方便、低廉的发动机台架试验测试工具。
除此之外,本文的主要研究内容就是应用自主开发的车用天然气发动机多片式ECU控制系统,通过独立的控制策略设计与程序开发,采用经过改装后的JL465Q5发动机作为试验台架,进行了天然气发动机的冷起动试验、怠速转速闭环控制试验、断缸试验和过渡工况试验等一系列研究工作。
在进行起动试验过程中,通过自主开发的天然气发动机冷起动试验监控系统在线调整冷起动时的天然气喷射脉宽、点火提前角、旁通空气阀开度等参量进行起动过程的对比试验研究,论述了发动机缸内残余废气、冷却水温度、点火能量、多次点火等因素对天然气发动机起动过程的影响。
在进行怠速转速闭环控制试验过程中,分别采用了怠速单闭环和双闭环两种控制策略。所谓的单闭环控制就是在怠速工况下只对旁通空气进气量进行PID算法控制,而点火提前角和天然气喷射脉宽采用固定值,通过试验研究了影响旁通空气进气量的比例项系数Air_Kp、积分项系数Air_Ki、天然气喷射脉宽和点火提前角对天然气发动机怠速工况的影响,并分别选取目标转速为1600rpm、1200rpm和850rpm进行了试验研究分析。所谓双闭环控制就是在怠速单闭环的基础上衍生出来的,发动机的电控系统ECU除了对旁通空气进气量进行PID控制之外,同时也对天然气喷射脉宽进行PID算法控制,两者之间相互独立,具备各自的PID参数设置。试验针对怠速目标转速分别为1200rpm、850rpm和800rpm进行了单闭环与双闭环的对比试验研究,并得到了一些试验结论。除此之外,还进行了750rpm和700rpm的较低怠速目标转速的试验研究。
所谓的断缸试验,其目的就是为了验证天然气发动机怠速转速闭环控制的效果,通过模拟出发动机在怠速工况下火花塞的故障情况,切断发动机连接一缸火花塞的高压线,从而研究怠速闭环控制的可靠性。
所谓的过渡工况试验,其目的就是要控制天然气发动机在不同的怠速转速之间过渡的平顺性试验。由于怠速目标转速设定与发动机的冷却水温度有着较大的联系,随着冷却水温度的逐渐升高,怠速目标转速应逐渐降低。为了使不同的目标转速之间的怠速转速过渡较为平稳,进行了天然气发动机过渡工况试验研究。
As world energy crisis is more and more serious and environmental protection is widely concerned, recently natural gas as a new alternative fuel has been attentive and supported.
In this paper a simulating device producing engine signals is developed independently. It can simulate engine sensor signals. The value of Signals can be shown in the nixietube. There are some advantages such as friendly man-machine interface,simple operation and so on. All kinds of engine sensor signals used for ECU debugging can be provided by a simulating device. Internal relationship of sensors during different engine conditions can be reflected. A good sensor simulation conditions is provided for dynamic software debugging of ECU. The results show that all kinds of combined analog signals can be produced flexibly by the simulating device. The simulating device can play an excellent auxiliary role in ECU software logical debugging and fault test.
In this paper a set of engine speed acquisition system developed independently is introduced. Engine speed signal can be real-time acquired accurately. Engine speed data can be saved in the Excel file in order to analyse them conveniently. The engine speed acquisition system can play an excellent auxiliary role in engine experiments. And it is a set of simple and convenient testing tool in engine bench test.
In addition, in this paper multi-chip ECU control system developed independently for vehicle-used natural gas engine is applied. Control strategy is designed independently. Program is developed by C language. Refitting JL465Q5 engine is applied as the test bench. A lot of experiment study has been done. For example, cold starting experiment, idle speed closed-loop control experiment, cylinder disconnection experiment and transient condition experiment and so on.
When cold starting experiment is done, some parameters can be controlled through experimental monitoring system in order to do some comparative experimental study with different values, for example injection pulse width of natural gas, ignition advance angle, and bypass air valve opening and so on. Some influencing factors to starting process of natural gas engine are discussed, for example, residual gas in cylinder, cold water temperature, ignition energy multi-time ignition and so on.
When idle speed closed-control experiment is done, two control strategies are applied, they are idle speed control with single closed loop and idle speed control with double closed loop. Single closed loop is to control idle speed through bypass air intake quantity with PID algorithm. And injection pulse width of natural gas and ignition advance angle keep invariant. In the experiment goal speed is set as follow, 1600rpm, 1200rpm and 850rpm. From the experiment results the author analyses different parameters to idle condition influence of natural gas engine. The parameters are as follow, Air_Kp, Air_Ki, injection pulse width of natural gas and ignition advance angle. Double closed loop is derived from single closed loop. In addition to control bypass air intake quantity with PID algorithm, ECU also control injection pulse width of natural gas with PID algorithm at the same time. They are independent each other and have PID parameters respectively. Comparative experimental study between single closed loop and double closed loop is done when the goal speed is respectively set as follow, 1200rpm, 850rpm and 800rpm. A series of test conclusions are acquired. In addition, lower idle speed experiment is done, such as 750rpm and 700rpm.
The goal of the cylinder disconnection experiment is to verify the effect of idle speed closed-loop control. Fault condition of spark plug is simulated in order to study the reliability of idle speed closed-loop control through disconnecting the high voltage wire connecting the spark plug in idle condition.
The goal of the transient condition experiment is to study the ride comfort from one speed to another speed. The goal idle speed is greatly related with cold water temperature of natural gas engine. The goal idle speed should be fallen gradually as cold water temperature is higher. Therefore, the transient condition experiment must be done in order to obtain stability at different speed transition.
本文介绍了自主开发的发动机信号模拟发生装置,其可以真实地模拟出发动机的传感器信号;内置数码管显示,且人机界面友好,操作简单;该发动机信号模拟发生装置能够为电控单元ECU的调试提供各种发动机传感器信号,能够较好地反应出在发动机工况变化中传感器的内在关系,为ECU动态软件调试提供了良好的传感器信号模拟条件,是一种便携、低廉的发动机ECU辅助调试工具。
本文还介绍了自主开发的发动机转速采集系统,其可以实时准确地对发动机的转速信号进行采集,而且采集到的试验数据可以存储在Excel文件内,便于进行后期的离线数据分析;转速采集系统能够为发动机台架试验提供辅助作用,是一种方便、低廉的发动机台架试验测试工具。
除此之外,本文的主要研究内容就是应用自主开发的车用天然气发动机多片式ECU控制系统,通过独立的控制策略设计与程序开发,采用经过改装后的JL465Q5发动机作为试验台架,进行了天然气发动机的冷起动试验、怠速转速闭环控制试验、断缸试验和过渡工况试验等一系列研究工作。
在进行起动试验过程中,通过自主开发的天然气发动机冷起动试验监控系统在线调整冷起动时的天然气喷射脉宽、点火提前角、旁通空气阀开度等参量进行起动过程的对比试验研究,论述了发动机缸内残余废气、冷却水温度、点火能量、多次点火等因素对天然气发动机起动过程的影响。
在进行怠速转速闭环控制试验过程中,分别采用了怠速单闭环和双闭环两种控制策略。所谓的单闭环控制就是在怠速工况下只对旁通空气进气量进行PID算法控制,而点火提前角和天然气喷射脉宽采用固定值,通过试验研究了影响旁通空气进气量的比例项系数Air_Kp、积分项系数Air_Ki、天然气喷射脉宽和点火提前角对天然气发动机怠速工况的影响,并分别选取目标转速为1600rpm、1200rpm和850rpm进行了试验研究分析。所谓双闭环控制就是在怠速单闭环的基础上衍生出来的,发动机的电控系统ECU除了对旁通空气进气量进行PID控制之外,同时也对天然气喷射脉宽进行PID算法控制,两者之间相互独立,具备各自的PID参数设置。试验针对怠速目标转速分别为1200rpm、850rpm和800rpm进行了单闭环与双闭环的对比试验研究,并得到了一些试验结论。除此之外,还进行了750rpm和700rpm的较低怠速目标转速的试验研究。
所谓的断缸试验,其目的就是为了验证天然气发动机怠速转速闭环控制的效果,通过模拟出发动机在怠速工况下火花塞的故障情况,切断发动机连接一缸火花塞的高压线,从而研究怠速闭环控制的可靠性。
所谓的过渡工况试验,其目的就是要控制天然气发动机在不同的怠速转速之间过渡的平顺性试验。由于怠速目标转速设定与发动机的冷却水温度有着较大的联系,随着冷却水温度的逐渐升高,怠速目标转速应逐渐降低。为了使不同的目标转速之间的怠速转速过渡较为平稳,进行了天然气发动机过渡工况试验研究。
As world energy crisis is more and more serious and environmental protection is widely concerned, recently natural gas as a new alternative fuel has been attentive and supported.
In this paper a simulating device producing engine signals is developed independently. It can simulate engine sensor signals. The value of Signals can be shown in the nixietube. There are some advantages such as friendly man-machine interface,simple operation and so on. All kinds of engine sensor signals used for ECU debugging can be provided by a simulating device. Internal relationship of sensors during different engine conditions can be reflected. A good sensor simulation conditions is provided for dynamic software debugging of ECU. The results show that all kinds of combined analog signals can be produced flexibly by the simulating device. The simulating device can play an excellent auxiliary role in ECU software logical debugging and fault test.
In this paper a set of engine speed acquisition system developed independently is introduced. Engine speed signal can be real-time acquired accurately. Engine speed data can be saved in the Excel file in order to analyse them conveniently. The engine speed acquisition system can play an excellent auxiliary role in engine experiments. And it is a set of simple and convenient testing tool in engine bench test.
In addition, in this paper multi-chip ECU control system developed independently for vehicle-used natural gas engine is applied. Control strategy is designed independently. Program is developed by C language. Refitting JL465Q5 engine is applied as the test bench. A lot of experiment study has been done. For example, cold starting experiment, idle speed closed-loop control experiment, cylinder disconnection experiment and transient condition experiment and so on.
When cold starting experiment is done, some parameters can be controlled through experimental monitoring system in order to do some comparative experimental study with different values, for example injection pulse width of natural gas, ignition advance angle, and bypass air valve opening and so on. Some influencing factors to starting process of natural gas engine are discussed, for example, residual gas in cylinder, cold water temperature, ignition energy multi-time ignition and so on.
When idle speed closed-control experiment is done, two control strategies are applied, they are idle speed control with single closed loop and idle speed control with double closed loop. Single closed loop is to control idle speed through bypass air intake quantity with PID algorithm. And injection pulse width of natural gas and ignition advance angle keep invariant. In the experiment goal speed is set as follow, 1600rpm, 1200rpm and 850rpm. From the experiment results the author analyses different parameters to idle condition influence of natural gas engine. The parameters are as follow, Air_Kp, Air_Ki, injection pulse width of natural gas and ignition advance angle. Double closed loop is derived from single closed loop. In addition to control bypass air intake quantity with PID algorithm, ECU also control injection pulse width of natural gas with PID algorithm at the same time. They are independent each other and have PID parameters respectively. Comparative experimental study between single closed loop and double closed loop is done when the goal speed is respectively set as follow, 1200rpm, 850rpm and 800rpm. A series of test conclusions are acquired. In addition, lower idle speed experiment is done, such as 750rpm and 700rpm.
The goal of the cylinder disconnection experiment is to verify the effect of idle speed closed-loop control. Fault condition of spark plug is simulated in order to study the reliability of idle speed closed-loop control through disconnecting the high voltage wire connecting the spark plug in idle condition.
The goal of the transient condition experiment is to study the ride comfort from one speed to another speed. The goal idle speed is greatly related with cold water temperature of natural gas engine. The goal idle speed should be fallen gradually as cold water temperature is higher. Therefore, the transient condition experiment must be done in order to obtain stability at different speed transition.
引文
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