汽车变速器产品拆卸序列规划技术研究
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摘要
随着汽车工业的蓬勃发展,汽车的产量和社会保有量急剧上升,与此同时,废旧汽车的数量也在同步增长,由此所导致的资源短缺和报废汽车遗留垃圾对环境的严重污染等一系列问题,正逐渐为人类所共识。变速器作为汽车传动系统的重要组成部分,对汽车的动力性与经济性、操纵的可靠性与轻便性、传动的平稳性与效率都有直接的影响。因此,如何进行报废变速器等汽车关键零部件的拆卸回收并尽可能地提高其再利用率已成为当前汽车“绿色技术”研究热点,也是汽车工业所面临的重要课题。
本文首先基于图论构建了产品可拆卸性设计的网络模型,进行产品零部件拆卸规划分析,在分析产品拆卸信息需求、拆卸信息提取及描述方法的基础上,总结出汽车变速器产品拆卸建模理论体系,并建立汽车变速器的拆卸模型。
其次,为了实现产品拆卸序列规划,对汽车变速器产品拆卸回收序列的自动生成理论和技术进行了研究,采用基于Petri网不变量的性能分析方法,对包括零部件回收价值及拆卸成本在内的产品拆卸Petri网模型进行求解,得到最佳拆卸序列的产品最新拆卸序列规划;将Petri网理论运用到汽车变速器产品的拆卸回收决策,提出基于Petri网的汽车变速器产品拆卸序列规划方法,运用Petri网的关联矩阵进行线性规划运算,实现了汽车变速器产品中零部件子拆卸体的聚类和产品拆卸序列的优化评价。为汽车变速器产品的拆卸回收提供了一种可靠的自动实现拆卸序列决策的新途径。
最后,设计开发了汽车变速器产品拆卸分析系统。该系统由拆卸建模、信息提取,拆卸序列规划等模块组成,使用VC++6.0和SolidWorks开发。可以实现汽车变速器产品拆卸建模、拆卸规划、拆卸序列优化和拆卸分析。
With the rapid development of automotive industry,the production output and the gross of automobile are rising rapidly.At the same time,with the amount of old automobile increasing qucikly,some problems such as resource shortage, environment pollution and so on have been concerned more and more.Automobile transmission is a very important subassembly of automobile,which affects the auotmobile dynamic characteristics and economy,control reliability and portability, transmission smoothness and efficiency etc.Therefore,how to disassemble scrap transmission of automobile for recycle and how to use in the most extent is a study hostpot in automobile "Green Technology",which is also an important research subject in the automobile field.
Firstly,product disassembly design network model is built based on graph theory technology,product part disassembly sequence plan is analyzd based on analyzing products disassemble information demand,automobile transmission product modeling theoretics is summarized on the basis of disassembly information extractation and describing method,and the automobile transmission disassembly model is built.
Secondly,In order to realize the product disassembly planning,automatical generating disassembly sequence theory and technology of automobile transmission is studied,product disassembly model is solved on the basis of petri net including recycling value and disassembly cost to obtain the best disassembly sequence. automobile transmission disassembly sequence planning method is put forward based on petri net,product subdisassembly part clustering and sequence optimizing is realized by using Petri-net related-matrix linear planning operation,which provides a new reliable method for automatically generating disassembly sequence plan.
At last,the automobile transmission disassembly sequence plan analysis system is designed and developed,which is composed of product information exaction, disassembly sequence plan etc,the system is developed by using VC++6.0 and SolidWorks.It can support to build automobile transmission model,disassembly plan, generation,disassembly sequence plan optimization and so on.
本文首先基于图论构建了产品可拆卸性设计的网络模型,进行产品零部件拆卸规划分析,在分析产品拆卸信息需求、拆卸信息提取及描述方法的基础上,总结出汽车变速器产品拆卸建模理论体系,并建立汽车变速器的拆卸模型。
其次,为了实现产品拆卸序列规划,对汽车变速器产品拆卸回收序列的自动生成理论和技术进行了研究,采用基于Petri网不变量的性能分析方法,对包括零部件回收价值及拆卸成本在内的产品拆卸Petri网模型进行求解,得到最佳拆卸序列的产品最新拆卸序列规划;将Petri网理论运用到汽车变速器产品的拆卸回收决策,提出基于Petri网的汽车变速器产品拆卸序列规划方法,运用Petri网的关联矩阵进行线性规划运算,实现了汽车变速器产品中零部件子拆卸体的聚类和产品拆卸序列的优化评价。为汽车变速器产品的拆卸回收提供了一种可靠的自动实现拆卸序列决策的新途径。
最后,设计开发了汽车变速器产品拆卸分析系统。该系统由拆卸建模、信息提取,拆卸序列规划等模块组成,使用VC++6.0和SolidWorks开发。可以实现汽车变速器产品拆卸建模、拆卸规划、拆卸序列优化和拆卸分析。
With the rapid development of automotive industry,the production output and the gross of automobile are rising rapidly.At the same time,with the amount of old automobile increasing qucikly,some problems such as resource shortage, environment pollution and so on have been concerned more and more.Automobile transmission is a very important subassembly of automobile,which affects the auotmobile dynamic characteristics and economy,control reliability and portability, transmission smoothness and efficiency etc.Therefore,how to disassemble scrap transmission of automobile for recycle and how to use in the most extent is a study hostpot in automobile "Green Technology",which is also an important research subject in the automobile field.
Firstly,product disassembly design network model is built based on graph theory technology,product part disassembly sequence plan is analyzd based on analyzing products disassemble information demand,automobile transmission product modeling theoretics is summarized on the basis of disassembly information extractation and describing method,and the automobile transmission disassembly model is built.
Secondly,In order to realize the product disassembly planning,automatical generating disassembly sequence theory and technology of automobile transmission is studied,product disassembly model is solved on the basis of petri net including recycling value and disassembly cost to obtain the best disassembly sequence. automobile transmission disassembly sequence planning method is put forward based on petri net,product subdisassembly part clustering and sequence optimizing is realized by using Petri-net related-matrix linear planning operation,which provides a new reliable method for automatically generating disassembly sequence plan.
At last,the automobile transmission disassembly sequence plan analysis system is designed and developed,which is composed of product information exaction, disassembly sequence plan etc,the system is developed by using VC++6.0 and SolidWorks.It can support to build automobile transmission model,disassembly plan, generation,disassembly sequence plan optimization and so on.
引文
[1]黄天泽.世界汽车工业发展动向[J].湖南大学学报,1997,10(5):43-49
[2]李尹熙.浅谈汽车材料回收利用[J].汽车工艺与材料,2001,2:26-29
[3]朱静璇.全球资源环境可持续利用---兼论中国废弃物循环利用的立法研究,2005年中国环境资源法学研讨会:258-260
[4]何庆.绿色设备管理与维修[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,7:9-10.
[5]Mauro.G.Computer Recycling in Layman's terms,Texas General land office,Mar:126-130
[6]Leo.AAlting etal.,The Life Cycle Concept as a basic for Sustianable Industrial Production,Annals of the CIRP,vol.42,1,(1993):163-167
[7]Ishii.K.Design for product retirement and modularity based on technology life-cycle ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,Manu -facturing Science and Engineering,vol.32:921-933
[8]Rosy Wei Chen,Dundee Navin-Chandra.Product Design for Recyclability:A Cost Benefit Analysis Model and its Application,IEEE,(1993),8:178-183
[9]Spath.D.Tools to support environmentally conscious design and economical disassembly of technical consumer products,10th ICED95 Praha:1006-1072
[10]Johnson M.R,Wang M.H.Planning product disassembly for material recover y,internatio -nal Journal of Environmentally Conscious design and Manuf acturing,4(2),19:105-112
[11]Coutlter S,Bras B,Winslow G.,Yester S.Designing for material sepatation:lessons form automo tive recycling,Proceedings of the 1996 ASMEDET and CIE Conference,96DETC/DFM-1270:501-509
[12]Tony Amezquita,Rick Hammond,Marc Salazar,Bert Bras,Characterizing the re-manufactur ability of engineering system,21 st Advances in design Automative Conference,DE-vol.82:271-278
[13]Isshii.K Burton Lee,Reverse fishbone diagrame:a tool in aid of design for product retirement,Proceedings of the ASMEDET and CIE Conference,96-DETC/DFM-1272:1-18
[14]Warren,J.L.Weitz,K.A..Development of an Integrated Life-Cycle Cost Assessment Model,IEEE,1994:155-163
[15]Steele N.,Allen,D.Evaluation of Recycling and Disposal Option For Batteries,IEEE,No.3,1996:135-140
[16]TJ.Veasey,Anoverview of Metals Recycling by Physical Separation Methods,IMech E 1997
[17]Navin Chandra,D.,Desingfor Environmentability,ASME,Vol31,(199 1):119-125
[18]刘学平.机电产品拆卸分析基础理论及回收评估方法的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2000:07
[19]刘志峰,刘光复.产品的可拆卸性及其设计方法[J].机械设计与研究,1997(1):712-715
[20]刘志峰,林巨广,刘光复等.废旧产品回收工艺流程评价决策支持系统研究开发[J].中国机械工程,2002,10(20):1773-1776
[21]张华,刘飞,李友如.绿色工艺规划的决策模型及应用案例研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):979-982
[22]张波.产品拆卸回收方法研究及经济分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2001(4):47-48
[23]郭季,王晓梅.美国、德国、日本国外报废汽车回收各有所长[EB/OL].http://www.qiche.com.cn,2008-08-16/2008-10-04
[24]任之.西方国家汽车回收热[J].机电新产品导报,2003:1-2
[25]龙少海.我国汽车回收产业现状及市场前景分析[J].中国资源综合利用:2-3
[26]王亮.浅析汽车变速器原理.http://autol.jrj.com.cn/news/20050401/0000000 20250.htm,1998-08-16/1998-10-04
[27]赵树恩.汽车零部件拆卸序列自动生成的理论研究及实现[D].重庆大学,2005:11:61-67
[28]薛俊芳.拆卸序列可行性检验及拆卸过程仿真的研究[D].清华大学,2003:04:12-19
[29]李梁.机电产品可拆卸性设计理论研究及实现[D].安徽理工大学:2005:23-24
[30]Home de Mello;L.S.,Sanderson,A.C.,A correct and complete algorithm for the Generation of mathematical assembly sequences.IEEE trans.,Robotics and Automation,1991,7(2):228-240
[31]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2003
[32]江志斌.Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[33]Lambert,A,J,D,Optimal Disassembly of Complex Products,PrOC of the 1994 Northeast Decision Sciences Institute Conf.,1994,PP:74-80
[34]K.E.MOOre,A.Gungorand S.M.GuPta.Disassembly Process Planning Using Petri Nets.Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International SymPosium on Electronics and the Environment,Oak Brook,Illinois.1998,4:88-93
[35]ZUssman.E,Zhou.M.C.MethodolOgy for Modeling and AdaPtive Planning of Disassembly Proeesses.IEEE Trans.on Rob.AndAut.1999,2:190-194
[36]Elif.Kongar,Surendra.M.GuPta.DISassembly sequeneing using genetical gorithm.IntJAdv Manuf Technol,2005:1-10
[37]Beatriz Gonzalez,Belarmino Adenso-Dfaz.A scatter search approach to the optimum disassembly sequence problem.Computers & Operations Research.2006,33(6):1776-1793
[38]倪俊芳,蔡建国.面向产品回收设计的拆卸序列规划.机械设计.2001(3):12-14
[39]VanderAalst,M P.Modeling and analyzing interorganizational workflows.Proceed-ings of International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design,Fnknshim a.1998:262-272
[40]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.产品拆卸回收评估中的拆卸与或图建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2002,(12):26-31
[41]Kovalyov A,McLeod R D.,New rank theorems for Petri nets and their application to workflow management.Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetcies.SanDiego.1998.226-231
[42]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进等.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究[J].制造技术与机床,2002(4):13-16
[43]王波,王宁生.基于Petri网产品拆卸模型的研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,2003(3):87-90
[44]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:101-115
[45]江志斌.Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:12-20
[46]袁崇义.Petri网原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998:12
[47]潘晓勇.三维环境下产品拆卸分析及关键技术研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003(10):36-37
[48]曹跃颖.机电产品拆卸序列自动生成模型的理论研究及实现[D].合肥工业大学,2002(05):16-20
[2]李尹熙.浅谈汽车材料回收利用[J].汽车工艺与材料,2001,2:26-29
[3]朱静璇.全球资源环境可持续利用---兼论中国废弃物循环利用的立法研究,2005年中国环境资源法学研讨会:258-260
[4]何庆.绿色设备管理与维修[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,7:9-10.
[5]Mauro.G.Computer Recycling in Layman's terms,Texas General land office,Mar:126-130
[6]Leo.AAlting etal.,The Life Cycle Concept as a basic for Sustianable Industrial Production,Annals of the CIRP,vol.42,1,(1993):163-167
[7]Ishii.K.Design for product retirement and modularity based on technology life-cycle ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition,Manu -facturing Science and Engineering,vol.32:921-933
[8]Rosy Wei Chen,Dundee Navin-Chandra.Product Design for Recyclability:A Cost Benefit Analysis Model and its Application,IEEE,(1993),8:178-183
[9]Spath.D.Tools to support environmentally conscious design and economical disassembly of technical consumer products,10th ICED95 Praha:1006-1072
[10]Johnson M.R,Wang M.H.Planning product disassembly for material recover y,internatio -nal Journal of Environmentally Conscious design and Manuf acturing,4(2),19:105-112
[11]Coutlter S,Bras B,Winslow G.,Yester S.Designing for material sepatation:lessons form automo tive recycling,Proceedings of the 1996 ASMEDET and CIE Conference,96DETC/DFM-1270:501-509
[12]Tony Amezquita,Rick Hammond,Marc Salazar,Bert Bras,Characterizing the re-manufactur ability of engineering system,21 st Advances in design Automative Conference,DE-vol.82:271-278
[13]Isshii.K Burton Lee,Reverse fishbone diagrame:a tool in aid of design for product retirement,Proceedings of the ASMEDET and CIE Conference,96-DETC/DFM-1272:1-18
[14]Warren,J.L.Weitz,K.A..Development of an Integrated Life-Cycle Cost Assessment Model,IEEE,1994:155-163
[15]Steele N.,Allen,D.Evaluation of Recycling and Disposal Option For Batteries,IEEE,No.3,1996:135-140
[16]TJ.Veasey,Anoverview of Metals Recycling by Physical Separation Methods,IMech E 1997
[17]Navin Chandra,D.,Desingfor Environmentability,ASME,Vol31,(199 1):119-125
[18]刘学平.机电产品拆卸分析基础理论及回收评估方法的研究[D].合肥工业大学,2000:07
[19]刘志峰,刘光复.产品的可拆卸性及其设计方法[J].机械设计与研究,1997(1):712-715
[20]刘志峰,林巨广,刘光复等.废旧产品回收工艺流程评价决策支持系统研究开发[J].中国机械工程,2002,10(20):1773-1776
[21]张华,刘飞,李友如.绿色工艺规划的决策模型及应用案例研究[J].中国机械工程,2000,11(9):979-982
[22]张波.产品拆卸回收方法研究及经济分析[J].导弹与航天运载技术,2001(4):47-48
[23]郭季,王晓梅.美国、德国、日本国外报废汽车回收各有所长[EB/OL].http://www.qiche.com.cn,2008-08-16/2008-10-04
[24]任之.西方国家汽车回收热[J].机电新产品导报,2003:1-2
[25]龙少海.我国汽车回收产业现状及市场前景分析[J].中国资源综合利用:2-3
[26]王亮.浅析汽车变速器原理.http://autol.jrj.com.cn/news/20050401/0000000 20250.htm,1998-08-16/1998-10-04
[27]赵树恩.汽车零部件拆卸序列自动生成的理论研究及实现[D].重庆大学,2005:11:61-67
[28]薛俊芳.拆卸序列可行性检验及拆卸过程仿真的研究[D].清华大学,2003:04:12-19
[29]李梁.机电产品可拆卸性设计理论研究及实现[D].安徽理工大学:2005:23-24
[30]Home de Mello;L.S.,Sanderson,A.C.,A correct and complete algorithm for the Generation of mathematical assembly sequences.IEEE trans.,Robotics and Automation,1991,7(2):228-240
[31]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2003
[32]江志斌.Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2004
[33]Lambert,A,J,D,Optimal Disassembly of Complex Products,PrOC of the 1994 Northeast Decision Sciences Institute Conf.,1994,PP:74-80
[34]K.E.MOOre,A.Gungorand S.M.GuPta.Disassembly Process Planning Using Petri Nets.Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International SymPosium on Electronics and the Environment,Oak Brook,Illinois.1998,4:88-93
[35]ZUssman.E,Zhou.M.C.MethodolOgy for Modeling and AdaPtive Planning of Disassembly Proeesses.IEEE Trans.on Rob.AndAut.1999,2:190-194
[36]Elif.Kongar,Surendra.M.GuPta.DISassembly sequeneing using genetical gorithm.IntJAdv Manuf Technol,2005:1-10
[37]Beatriz Gonzalez,Belarmino Adenso-Dfaz.A scatter search approach to the optimum disassembly sequence problem.Computers & Operations Research.2006,33(6):1776-1793
[38]倪俊芳,蔡建国.面向产品回收设计的拆卸序列规划.机械设计.2001(3):12-14
[39]VanderAalst,M P.Modeling and analyzing interorganizational workflows.Proceed-ings of International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design,Fnknshim a.1998:262-272
[40]高建刚,段广洪,汪劲松.产品拆卸回收评估中的拆卸与或图建模方法[J].机械工程学报,2002,(12):26-31
[41]Kovalyov A,McLeod R D.,New rank theorems for Petri nets and their application to workflow management.Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetcies.SanDiego.1998.226-231
[42]徐小明,李成刚,胡于进等.生命周期评价工具软件系统的关键技术研究[J].制造技术与机床,2002(4):13-16
[43]王波,王宁生.基于Petri网产品拆卸模型的研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报,2003(3):87-90
[44]蒋昌俊.Petri网的行为理论及其应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003:101-115
[45]江志斌.Petri网及其在制造系统建模与控制中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:12-20
[46]袁崇义.Petri网原理[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998:12
[47]潘晓勇.三维环境下产品拆卸分析及关键技术研究[D].合肥工业大学,2003(10):36-37
[48]曹跃颖.机电产品拆卸序列自动生成模型的理论研究及实现[D].合肥工业大学,2002(05):16-20
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