地震沉积学及其在葡萄花油田的应用研究
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摘要
地震沉积学是建立在地球物理学、沉积学、地震地层学及层序地层学等学科基础上的一门新学科,主要是在地质规律(尤其是沉积环境及沉积相模式)的指导下利用三维地震信息和现代地球物理技术进行地层岩石宏观研究和沉积体系、沉积相平面展布以及沉积发育史的研究。随着地球物理技术的快速发展和隐蔽油气藏勘探日益迫切的需要,地震技术的应用越来越普遍。
本文以葡萄花油田葡I油组为例,开展了地震沉积学研究。针对研究区砂体“窄、薄”的特征,在精细构造解释的基础上,运用合理的标准层标定及沿层地震属性提取和解释,实现了空间地震属性变化解释小于最小分辨率砂体的变化,揭示了“窄、薄”砂体的分布。同时,论文还从储层野外露头观察出发,引入探地雷达技术,建立了露头区储层原型模型。以该模型为指导,在研究区运用90°相位转换、地层切片、属性分析及分频解释等关键技术开展地震沉积学研究。90°相位转换是为了使同相轴和较薄砂体对应,赋予地震同相轴以地质意义。地层切片技术的运用是为了使地震解释更符合地质意义,建立等时地层格架。地层切片所建立的等时格架中提取属性及分频解释,可以得到具有时间意义的属性切片。
通过开展研究区地震沉积学的研究,得到了等时沉积单元的砂体展布,与井数据所成的砂体展布图相比,更为精细地刻画出砂体在平面上的分布形态。
Seismic sedimentology is a new subject which based on geophysics, sedimentology, seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. With the fast development of geophysical technology and the need of the exploring of the subtle reservoir, seismic technology is used generally. Under the direction of geology regularity, this subject aims to carry out a study on macroscopic sedimentary sets, sedimentary facies planar distribution and sedimentary evolution history through the 3D seismic information and modern geophysics technology.
This paper was studied the interest region by seismic sedimentology, example of the Putaohua oil field PI oil layer. The seismic sedimentary facies explanation can be carried in the study area in which the sand bodies are narrow and thin. The research of reservoir prototype model occupies an important position in seismic sedimentology and it can be regarded as a bridge that connects these two research fields of seismology and geology. Several key technologies of seismic sedimentology are 90°phase change, stratal slicing, attribute analysis and interpretation of frequency. 90°phase change is used to correspond the phase axis and thin sand, giving geological sense to seismic event. The application of stratal slicing technique is to make seismic interpretation more in line with geological significance, so establishing isochronous stratigraphic framework. Through extracting properties from isochronous framework established by stratal slicing and making frequency-division interpretation, property section with time sense can be achieved. Under the guidance of the prototype model of the reservoir, sand prediction and research of sediments history can be made.
Through the study of seismic sedimentology, Obtained distribution of sand body, and same as the well data into the sand body, more precise portrait of sand distribution.
本文以葡萄花油田葡I油组为例,开展了地震沉积学研究。针对研究区砂体“窄、薄”的特征,在精细构造解释的基础上,运用合理的标准层标定及沿层地震属性提取和解释,实现了空间地震属性变化解释小于最小分辨率砂体的变化,揭示了“窄、薄”砂体的分布。同时,论文还从储层野外露头观察出发,引入探地雷达技术,建立了露头区储层原型模型。以该模型为指导,在研究区运用90°相位转换、地层切片、属性分析及分频解释等关键技术开展地震沉积学研究。90°相位转换是为了使同相轴和较薄砂体对应,赋予地震同相轴以地质意义。地层切片技术的运用是为了使地震解释更符合地质意义,建立等时地层格架。地层切片所建立的等时格架中提取属性及分频解释,可以得到具有时间意义的属性切片。
通过开展研究区地震沉积学的研究,得到了等时沉积单元的砂体展布,与井数据所成的砂体展布图相比,更为精细地刻画出砂体在平面上的分布形态。
Seismic sedimentology is a new subject which based on geophysics, sedimentology, seismic stratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy. With the fast development of geophysical technology and the need of the exploring of the subtle reservoir, seismic technology is used generally. Under the direction of geology regularity, this subject aims to carry out a study on macroscopic sedimentary sets, sedimentary facies planar distribution and sedimentary evolution history through the 3D seismic information and modern geophysics technology.
This paper was studied the interest region by seismic sedimentology, example of the Putaohua oil field PI oil layer. The seismic sedimentary facies explanation can be carried in the study area in which the sand bodies are narrow and thin. The research of reservoir prototype model occupies an important position in seismic sedimentology and it can be regarded as a bridge that connects these two research fields of seismology and geology. Several key technologies of seismic sedimentology are 90°phase change, stratal slicing, attribute analysis and interpretation of frequency. 90°phase change is used to correspond the phase axis and thin sand, giving geological sense to seismic event. The application of stratal slicing technique is to make seismic interpretation more in line with geological significance, so establishing isochronous stratigraphic framework. Through extracting properties from isochronous framework established by stratal slicing and making frequency-division interpretation, property section with time sense can be achieved. Under the guidance of the prototype model of the reservoir, sand prediction and research of sediments history can be made.
Through the study of seismic sedimentology, Obtained distribution of sand body, and same as the well data into the sand body, more precise portrait of sand distribution.
引文
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[2]邱荣华,陈文礼,林社卿,等.焉耆盆地中生界层序地层和沉积体系分析[J].地球科学,2001,26(6):615-620
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[4]齐永安,胡斌.塔里木盆地下志留统塔塔埃尔塔格组痕迹化石与海进期沉积及海进体系域[J].沉积学报,1998,16(1):23-26
[5]曾允孚,覃建雄.沉积学发展现状与前瞻[J].成都理工学院学报,1999,26(1): 2-7
[6]邓宏文.层序地层基准面的识别、对比技术及应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1996,17(3):177-183
[7]邓宏文.沉积物体积分配原理-高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313
[8]樊太亮.沉积基准面变化分析技术及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):108-113
[9]郑荣才.浅谈陆相盆地高分辨率层序地层研究[J].成都理工学院学报,2000,27(3):241-244
[10]王洪亮.地层基准面原理在湖相储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,1997,18(2):96-102
[11]赵国连.层序地层学的研究现状[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2000,20(3):100~101
[12]郑荣才,尹世民,彭军.基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析[J].沉积学报,2000,18(3):369~375
[13] Mitchum R. M.,Vail P. R.,Thompson S.Ⅲ,et al.Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level,Part 2:The Depositional Sequence as a Basinunit for Stratigraphic Analysis [M] Payton C E. Seismic stratigraphy application to hydrocarbon exploration[J] :AAPG Memoir, 1977:3-62
[14] Galloway W. E..Genetic Stratigraphic Sequences in Basin Analysis.Ⅰ: Architecture and Genesis of Flooding Surface Bounded Depositional Units[J ] .AAPG Bulletin ,1989 ,73 :125 - 142
[15] Catuneanu O. Principles of Sequence Straigraphy [M] .Oxford :Elsevier, 2006 :20.
[16] Van Wagoner J. C. ,Posamentier H. W.,Mitchum R. M. ,et al .An Overview of Sequence Stratigraphy and Key Definitions [M]Anon.Wilgus C W, et al .Sea level changes:An integrated approach:SEPM Special Publication ,1988 :39 - 45.
[17]林正良,王华.地震沉积学研究现状及进展综述[J].地质科技情报,2009,28(5):131~137
[18] Zeng H L ,Henry S. C. ,Riola J. P. .Stratal Slicing ,part II :Real 3D Seismic Data[J ] .Geophysics ,1998 ,63(2) :514-522
[19] Hongliu Zeng and Charles Kerans.Seismic Frequency Control on Carbonate Seismic Stratigraphy:A Case Study of the Kingdom Abo Sequence,West Texas.AAPG Bulletin, 2003,87 (2):273-293
[20]林承焰,张宪国,董春梅.地震沉积学及其初步应用[J].石油学报,2007(2):69-72
[21]林承焰,张宪国.地震沉积学探讨[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(11):1141-1144
[22]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.有关地震沉积学若干问题的探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):405-409
[23]董春梅,张宪国,林承焰.地震沉积学的概念、方法和技术[J].沉积学报,2006,24(5):698-704
[24]张军华,周振晓,谭明友.地震切片解释中的几个理论问题[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(3):348-352.
[25]魏嘉,朱文斌,朱海龙,等.地震沉积学-地震解释的新思路及沉积研究的新工具[J].勘探地球物理进展,2008,31(2):95-102
[26]陆永潮,杜学斌.油气精细勘探的主要方法体系-地震沉积学研究[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(1):1-5
[27]隋新光,赵敏娇.水平井挖潜技术在大庆油田高含水后期厚油层剩余油开发中的应用[J].大庆石油学院院报,2006,30(1):112-133
[28]房宝财.应用高分辨率三维地震技术对已开发老油藏精细描述-以大庆葡南油田为例[D].四川成都:成都理工大学,2004:10-19.
[29]王建功,王天琦,卫平生,等.大型坳陷湖盆浅水三角洲沉积模式-以松辽盆地北部葡萄花油层为例[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(2):28-34
[30]刘本培.地史学教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1986:34-43
[31]王永刚.地震资料综合解释方法[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2007:60-88.
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