饶阳凹陷留西—河间地区古近系储层沉积学研究
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摘要
本文以层序地层学、沉积学、储层地质学理论为指导,从地层划分对比入手,将研究区古近系划分为10个三级层序,并进一步细分为27个体系域。根据岩心、钻井、测井、地震资料的综合分析认为,研究区古近系主要发育河流、辫状河三角洲、湖泊、冲积扇和扇三角洲等5种沉积相,并进一步划分出15种亚相和近50种微相类型,其中辫状河道、水下分流河道、河口坝、席状砂、河道充填、心滩、河漫滩和滩坝是本区主要的微相类型,并详细总结出各种亚相和微相在岩石类型、颜色、结构、沉积构造、韵律性、测井曲线响应和地震相中的识别标志。系统研究了不同三级层序和体系域下沉积相和砂体的平面展布特征,认为本区古近系储层的砂体类型主要为辫状河三角洲相的三角洲前缘砂体、河流相中的河道砂体、浅湖亚相中的滩坝砂体。
依据大量岩石薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析,系统研究了不同成因类型储集砂体的岩石学特征、物性特征以及储层的孔隙类型,认为本区砂岩储层的成分成熟度与结构成熟度中等偏低;储层在沙河街组以低孔低渗为主,中孔低渗和低孔特低渗次之,东营组大多为中高孔中高渗储层,少数为低孔低渗储层;研究区砂岩储层孔隙类型分为原生粒间孔、残留粒间孔和由溶蚀作用形成的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、自生矿物晶间微孔及微裂缝等。本区储层主要受构造、沉积和成岩作用影响。构造在宏观上控制着沉积体系的发育,进而控制砂体的分布,不同构造部位发育不同成因类型的砂体。相同的埋深条件下,沉积相带基本控制着储层物性的好坏,优质储层多分布于河流相中的河道砂体和心滩砂体、辫状河三角洲相的分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体。压实作用对储层物性的影响表现在埋深小于4000m范围内,每增加100m,孔隙度平均降低0.75%。胶结作用在埋深2500～3500m范围内,对储层物性起较强的破坏作用。溶解作用是改善埋深在2800～4000m的深部储层储集性能的主要因素。
In this paper, directed by sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and reservoir geology, starting with stratigraphic classification and correlation, Paleogene is divided into 10 third grade sequences with 21 system tracts in the research area. By taking full advantage of the core, drilling, logging and seismic data, it is shown that the main sedimentary facies are fluvial facies,braided river deltas, lakes, alluvial fans and fan deltas in Paleogene of this area, and it can be further divided into subdivided into 15 subfacies and nearly 50 microfacies, among them, the main microfacies of the area are braided channel, underwater distributary channel, mouth bar, sheet sand, channel fill, diara, flood-plain and beach bar, and detailedly summarize all kinds of subfacies and microfacies identifier on rock type, colour, texture, sedimentary structures, rhythmicity, logging and seismic. In addition, the paper systematically study the plane distribution of sedimentary facies and sandstones in different 3-order sequences and system tracts, and it is shown that the main reservoir bodies in Paleogene of the area include the sandbodies in the delta front and the river sandbodies of fluvial facies as well as beach-bar sandstone in the shallow lake.
According to plenty of thin section, casting lamella and scanning electron microscope, petrologic characterishcs, physical properties and the pore types of different genetic type reservoir bodies are systematically studied, and it is shown that reservoir sandstone has medium and somewhat low compositional maturity and medium textural maturity; in Shahejie Formation reservoir primarily belongs to low porosity and low permeability,secondly medium porosity and low permeability or low porosity and extra-low permeability, reservoir primarily belongs to middle-high porosity and middle-high permeability in Dongying Formation, few low porosity and low permeability; pore type in the resevoir of the area includes primary intergranular pores, rudimental intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pore, intragranular dissolved pore, moldic pore, intercrystalline pore and fracture formed by corrosion. Reservoir is mainly influenced by tectonic, deposition and diagenesis. Tectonics controls the development of depositional systems macroscopically, and then control the distribution of sandstone, different sand body types developed in different tectonic positions. At the same range of depth, the reservoir property are basically controlled by sedimentary facies zones, usually, the favorable reservoir mainly distributed in the channel sandbodies and diaras of the fluvial facies, the sandbodies of distributary channel and river mouth dam of braided river deltas. The influence in squeezingaction shows that porosity decreases 0.75% for each additional 100 meters in the range of 0～4000m. Cementaction have strong damaging effect on reservoir properties in the range of 2500～3500m. Dissolution plays a leading role in improving sandstone reservoir quality of deep reservoirs in the range of 2800～4000m.
依据大量岩石薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析,系统研究了不同成因类型储集砂体的岩石学特征、物性特征以及储层的孔隙类型,认为本区砂岩储层的成分成熟度与结构成熟度中等偏低;储层在沙河街组以低孔低渗为主,中孔低渗和低孔特低渗次之,东营组大多为中高孔中高渗储层,少数为低孔低渗储层;研究区砂岩储层孔隙类型分为原生粒间孔、残留粒间孔和由溶蚀作用形成的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、自生矿物晶间微孔及微裂缝等。本区储层主要受构造、沉积和成岩作用影响。构造在宏观上控制着沉积体系的发育,进而控制砂体的分布,不同构造部位发育不同成因类型的砂体。相同的埋深条件下,沉积相带基本控制着储层物性的好坏,优质储层多分布于河流相中的河道砂体和心滩砂体、辫状河三角洲相的分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体。压实作用对储层物性的影响表现在埋深小于4000m范围内,每增加100m,孔隙度平均降低0.75%。胶结作用在埋深2500～3500m范围内,对储层物性起较强的破坏作用。溶解作用是改善埋深在2800～4000m的深部储层储集性能的主要因素。
In this paper, directed by sequence stratigraphy, sedimentology and reservoir geology, starting with stratigraphic classification and correlation, Paleogene is divided into 10 third grade sequences with 21 system tracts in the research area. By taking full advantage of the core, drilling, logging and seismic data, it is shown that the main sedimentary facies are fluvial facies,braided river deltas, lakes, alluvial fans and fan deltas in Paleogene of this area, and it can be further divided into subdivided into 15 subfacies and nearly 50 microfacies, among them, the main microfacies of the area are braided channel, underwater distributary channel, mouth bar, sheet sand, channel fill, diara, flood-plain and beach bar, and detailedly summarize all kinds of subfacies and microfacies identifier on rock type, colour, texture, sedimentary structures, rhythmicity, logging and seismic. In addition, the paper systematically study the plane distribution of sedimentary facies and sandstones in different 3-order sequences and system tracts, and it is shown that the main reservoir bodies in Paleogene of the area include the sandbodies in the delta front and the river sandbodies of fluvial facies as well as beach-bar sandstone in the shallow lake.
According to plenty of thin section, casting lamella and scanning electron microscope, petrologic characterishcs, physical properties and the pore types of different genetic type reservoir bodies are systematically studied, and it is shown that reservoir sandstone has medium and somewhat low compositional maturity and medium textural maturity; in Shahejie Formation reservoir primarily belongs to low porosity and low permeability,secondly medium porosity and low permeability or low porosity and extra-low permeability, reservoir primarily belongs to middle-high porosity and middle-high permeability in Dongying Formation, few low porosity and low permeability; pore type in the resevoir of the area includes primary intergranular pores, rudimental intergranular pores and intergranular dissolved pore, intragranular dissolved pore, moldic pore, intercrystalline pore and fracture formed by corrosion. Reservoir is mainly influenced by tectonic, deposition and diagenesis. Tectonics controls the development of depositional systems macroscopically, and then control the distribution of sandstone, different sand body types developed in different tectonic positions. At the same range of depth, the reservoir property are basically controlled by sedimentary facies zones, usually, the favorable reservoir mainly distributed in the channel sandbodies and diaras of the fluvial facies, the sandbodies of distributary channel and river mouth dam of braided river deltas. The influence in squeezingaction shows that porosity decreases 0.75% for each additional 100 meters in the range of 0～4000m. Cementaction have strong damaging effect on reservoir properties in the range of 2500～3500m. Dissolution plays a leading role in improving sandstone reservoir quality of deep reservoirs in the range of 2800～4000m.
引文
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[9]纪友亮,张世奇.陆相断陷湖盆层序地层学[M]北京:石油工业出版社, 1996
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[13]谢渊,王剑,刘家铎等.鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延长组湖盆致密砂岩储层层序地层与油气勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2004:1～42,71～106.
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