三种植物生长调节剂对草甘膦活性的影响
摘要
烯效唑(S-3307)、赤霉素(GA_3)和激动素(KT)与草甘膦混用后,通过对玉米幼苗地上部鲜重、株高、叶绿素含量、丙二醛(MDA)累积量和保护酶系统的影响,分析它们对草甘膦活性的缓解或促进作用,从中筛选出与草甘膦混用的植物生长调节剂的最佳浓度,以达到降低除草剂用量,提高除草效果和对作物安全性。研究结果如下:
S-3307(10、25、50)mg/L与草甘膦混用后,使玉米幼苗地上部鲜重显著增加,处理8d后,其中50 mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混用处理是单剂草甘膦处理的2-31倍。单独施用草甘膦使玉米幼苗的叶绿素含量显著下降,S-3307混用后提高了叶绿素含量,到第9d时10、25、50mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混合处理的幼苗叶绿素含量分别是单剂草甘膦处理的1.77、1.58和1.96倍。MDA累积量随着S-3307浓度的升高而降低,第7d时10、25、50 mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混合处理的幼苗中MDA累积量比单剂草甘膦分别降低了35.15%、44.54%和52.44%。S-3307混合处理不同程度地提高了SOD、POD、CAT的活性。S-3307可能通过提高抗氧化酶活性来保护膜的结构和功能,降低膜脂的过氧化,缓解草甘膦对玉米幼苗的伤害作用。
与单独施用草甘膦相比,不同浓度的GA_3(10、50、100)mg/L和KT(5、10、20)mg/L分别与草甘膦混用后都显著地抑制了玉米幼苗的地上部鲜重。其中100 mg/L GA_3与草甘膦混用,处理6d后的株高比单剂草甘膦增加了11.20%,处理8d后,玉米幼苗的地上部鲜重比单剂草甘膦处理减少了76.33%。GA_3和KT分别与草甘膦混用,均提高了玉米幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量的下降幅度。MDA累积量急剧增加,且随着GA_3和KT的浓度的升高而增加。叶片中的SOD、POD活性都呈先升高后下降的趋势,且比单独施用草甘膦先达到峰值,而后急剧下降,说明随着处理时间的延长,胁迫加重超出了其承受范围,两种酶的活性就下降。暗示GA_3和KT可能降低了幼苗对草甘膦的抗性达到增效的效果。
实验结果表明:S-3307与草甘膦混用对玉米幼苗的伤害均有缓解作用,以50 mg/LS-3307缓解效果最佳。GA_3和KT分别与草甘膦混用后对草甘膦的活性具有增效作用,且100 mg/L GA_3和20 mg/L KT增效效果最佳。
In order to explore a new method of reducing dose of glyphosate usage and increasing its activity in weed control,the impacts of uniconazole(S-3307),gibberellin acid(GA3) and kinetin(KT) on activities of glyphosate in maize seedlings on shoot fresh weight,plant height,chlorophyll content,MDA accumulation and protective enzyme system were studied.
After foliar spray of mixture solutions of S-3307(10、25 and 50) mg/L and glyphosate to maize seedlings,shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll content were increased.After 8 days treatment with a mixture of 50 mg/L S-3307 and glyphosate,the root fresh weight showed a 2.31 fold increase compared to single glyphosate only.Glyphosate caused a significant decrease in leaf chlorophyll content,which was increased to 1.77,1.58 and 1.96 folds, respectively,by 10,25 and 50 mg/L S-3307 after 9 days treatment.After 7 days treatment, 10,25 and 50 mg/L S-3307 decreased MDA accumulation in leaves by 35.15%,44.54% and 52.44%of that treated with glyphosate.The superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities were also increased by S-3307.These results suggested that S-3307 might reduce glyphosate toxicity due to increase the resistance of seedlings against glyphosate.
When treating maize seedlings with mixture solutions of glyphosate and GA_3 or KT, shoot fresh weight was inhibited significantly.After 6 days treatment with a mixture of 100 mg/L GA_3 and glyphosate,plant height was increased by 11.20%,and after 8 days treatment shoot fresh weight was decreased by 76.33%.GA_3 or KT reduced chlorophyll content,and increased MDA accumulation.The activities of SOD and POD also affected by GA_3 or KT.The results indicated that GA_3 and KT could decrease plant resistance to glyphosate.
In conclusion,S-3307 showed an antagonistic,while GA_3 and KT,agonistic effects to glyphosate activity.The suitable concentration for S-3307,GA_3 and KT were 50,100 and 20 mg/L,respectively.
S-3307(10、25、50)mg/L与草甘膦混用后,使玉米幼苗地上部鲜重显著增加,处理8d后,其中50 mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混用处理是单剂草甘膦处理的2-31倍。单独施用草甘膦使玉米幼苗的叶绿素含量显著下降,S-3307混用后提高了叶绿素含量,到第9d时10、25、50mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混合处理的幼苗叶绿素含量分别是单剂草甘膦处理的1.77、1.58和1.96倍。MDA累积量随着S-3307浓度的升高而降低,第7d时10、25、50 mg/L S-3307与草甘膦混合处理的幼苗中MDA累积量比单剂草甘膦分别降低了35.15%、44.54%和52.44%。S-3307混合处理不同程度地提高了SOD、POD、CAT的活性。S-3307可能通过提高抗氧化酶活性来保护膜的结构和功能,降低膜脂的过氧化,缓解草甘膦对玉米幼苗的伤害作用。
与单独施用草甘膦相比,不同浓度的GA_3(10、50、100)mg/L和KT(5、10、20)mg/L分别与草甘膦混用后都显著地抑制了玉米幼苗的地上部鲜重。其中100 mg/L GA_3与草甘膦混用,处理6d后的株高比单剂草甘膦增加了11.20%,处理8d后,玉米幼苗的地上部鲜重比单剂草甘膦处理减少了76.33%。GA_3和KT分别与草甘膦混用,均提高了玉米幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量的下降幅度。MDA累积量急剧增加,且随着GA_3和KT的浓度的升高而增加。叶片中的SOD、POD活性都呈先升高后下降的趋势,且比单独施用草甘膦先达到峰值,而后急剧下降,说明随着处理时间的延长,胁迫加重超出了其承受范围,两种酶的活性就下降。暗示GA_3和KT可能降低了幼苗对草甘膦的抗性达到增效的效果。
实验结果表明:S-3307与草甘膦混用对玉米幼苗的伤害均有缓解作用,以50 mg/LS-3307缓解效果最佳。GA_3和KT分别与草甘膦混用后对草甘膦的活性具有增效作用,且100 mg/L GA_3和20 mg/L KT增效效果最佳。
In order to explore a new method of reducing dose of glyphosate usage and increasing its activity in weed control,the impacts of uniconazole(S-3307),gibberellin acid(GA3) and kinetin(KT) on activities of glyphosate in maize seedlings on shoot fresh weight,plant height,chlorophyll content,MDA accumulation and protective enzyme system were studied.
After foliar spray of mixture solutions of S-3307(10、25 and 50) mg/L and glyphosate to maize seedlings,shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll content were increased.After 8 days treatment with a mixture of 50 mg/L S-3307 and glyphosate,the root fresh weight showed a 2.31 fold increase compared to single glyphosate only.Glyphosate caused a significant decrease in leaf chlorophyll content,which was increased to 1.77,1.58 and 1.96 folds, respectively,by 10,25 and 50 mg/L S-3307 after 9 days treatment.After 7 days treatment, 10,25 and 50 mg/L S-3307 decreased MDA accumulation in leaves by 35.15%,44.54% and 52.44%of that treated with glyphosate.The superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activities were also increased by S-3307.These results suggested that S-3307 might reduce glyphosate toxicity due to increase the resistance of seedlings against glyphosate.
When treating maize seedlings with mixture solutions of glyphosate and GA_3 or KT, shoot fresh weight was inhibited significantly.After 6 days treatment with a mixture of 100 mg/L GA_3 and glyphosate,plant height was increased by 11.20%,and after 8 days treatment shoot fresh weight was decreased by 76.33%.GA_3 or KT reduced chlorophyll content,and increased MDA accumulation.The activities of SOD and POD also affected by GA_3 or KT.The results indicated that GA_3 and KT could decrease plant resistance to glyphosate.
In conclusion,S-3307 showed an antagonistic,while GA_3 and KT,agonistic effects to glyphosate activity.The suitable concentration for S-3307,GA_3 and KT were 50,100 and 20 mg/L,respectively.
引文
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