基于ARM的UHF RFID读写器的设计与实现
|
摘要
物联网被誉为继计算机、互联网之后,世界信息产业的第三次发展浪潮。21世纪以来,物联网技术得到了快速的发展,与其相关的应用产品已经越来越多的应用于生产生活之中。作为物联网的关键技术之一,射频识别(RFID, Radios Frequency Identification)技术是目前研究的热点。射频识别技术是一种非接触式的识别技术,通过发射特定频率的无线电讯号来识别特定目标,继而进行信息交换。
目前,低频(125k-134.2kHz)和高频(13.56MHz)技术已经成熟；超高频(915MHz)技术开始应用,并处于快速发展阶段；微波(2.45GHz)技术由于技术门槛较高,现阶段应用范围较小。与低频、高频相比,超高频技术拥有读写距离远、速度快、安全性高等特点,同时技术要求远低于微波频段,因此超高频技术产品正在逐渐成为市场上的主流。超高频射频技术由三部分组成：应答器、读写器、应用软件,其中读写器是最为关键的设备。目前市场上的读写器芯片大都为国外的产品,价格较高,阻碍了超高频射频识别技术在国内的普及应用。
本文的内容是研究并设计一种超高频读写器,该读写器以LPC2132芯片为控制核心,射频前端采用通用芯片搭建。首先,本文讨论了RFID技术的发展现状、发展趋势以及存在的问题。针对具体需求,给出射频读写器的技术指标。其次,介绍RFID系统的相关技术和组成,分析ISO/IEC18000-6C等UHF频段的标准协议,根据实际需求,研究并制定实现协议要求的技术方案。之后将重点分析硬件部分数字控制电路和射频电路的设计方案,以及软件部分包含的防碰撞算法、编码解码方式、CRC纠错的实现。最后介绍现有的后台应用软件的功能及使用方法,利用该后台应用软件对设计的读写器进行测试。
测试结果表明,本文中所设计的读写器可以在1.0m距离内对标签进行正确操作,同时在距离不超过0.5m情况下可以同时识别10张标签。该读写器可以在包括物流、仓库管理、身份识别等领域得到应用。
Internet of things is known as the third development trend of the information industry following computer and Internet. Since the beginning of the21st century, the Internet of things technology has got a rapid development. The application associated with this technology has been used in the field of production and living. RFID is the focus point of the research, which is the key technology of the Internet of things. Radio frequency identification technology is a non-contact identification technology. The targets can be identified by receiving a specific frequency signal. Then, the targets can exchange information with the readers.
At present, the low-frequency (125k～134.2kHz) and high-frequency (13.56MHz) technology are matured. The ultra-high frequency (915MHz) has been applied and entered a rapid development stage. The microwave technology (2.45GHz) has a small range of the application because of its high technical threshold. Compared with the low-frequency and high-frequency technology, the UHF technology can identify further, faster and safer. At the same time, the technical difficulty is lower than the microwave technology's. For the above reasons, the UHF technology product becomes the mainstream of the market. The UHF technology consists of three parts:reader, target and the application software. The reader is the most important equipment. Now, the reader almost uses foreign chips, whose price is very high. And then the development of the Radio frequency identification technology is fallen behind in our country.
The research content is to design a UHF RFID reader. It uses the LPC2132chip as the control core, and the RF circuits use the general-purpose chips. This reader can be used in areas such as logistics, warehouse management, identification and so on. Firstly, this paper discusses the current situation of RFID technology, which includes the development trends and exiting problems. Determine the technical indicators of the reader based on demands for industrial and domestic. Secondly, introduce RFID technology and composition. Then, analysis UHF band standard protocol ISO/IEC18000-6C, and determine the technical program of the reader. Thirdly, introduce the digital control circuits and RF analog circuits. Software part, introduce anti-collision algorithm, encoding and decoding, CRC error correction and the background application software. Finally, give the test result of the system and the suggestion of improvement by analysis the result.
The results of the test proved that the reader could currently operate on the tags which are far from the reader with1.0m, at the same time, the reader can identification10pieces of the tags with0.5m.
The reader could put in to use the parts:logistics, store management and identify.
目前,低频(125k-134.2kHz)和高频(13.56MHz)技术已经成熟；超高频(915MHz)技术开始应用,并处于快速发展阶段；微波(2.45GHz)技术由于技术门槛较高,现阶段应用范围较小。与低频、高频相比,超高频技术拥有读写距离远、速度快、安全性高等特点,同时技术要求远低于微波频段,因此超高频技术产品正在逐渐成为市场上的主流。超高频射频技术由三部分组成：应答器、读写器、应用软件,其中读写器是最为关键的设备。目前市场上的读写器芯片大都为国外的产品,价格较高,阻碍了超高频射频识别技术在国内的普及应用。
本文的内容是研究并设计一种超高频读写器,该读写器以LPC2132芯片为控制核心,射频前端采用通用芯片搭建。首先,本文讨论了RFID技术的发展现状、发展趋势以及存在的问题。针对具体需求,给出射频读写器的技术指标。其次,介绍RFID系统的相关技术和组成,分析ISO/IEC18000-6C等UHF频段的标准协议,根据实际需求,研究并制定实现协议要求的技术方案。之后将重点分析硬件部分数字控制电路和射频电路的设计方案,以及软件部分包含的防碰撞算法、编码解码方式、CRC纠错的实现。最后介绍现有的后台应用软件的功能及使用方法,利用该后台应用软件对设计的读写器进行测试。
测试结果表明,本文中所设计的读写器可以在1.0m距离内对标签进行正确操作,同时在距离不超过0.5m情况下可以同时识别10张标签。该读写器可以在包括物流、仓库管理、身份识别等领域得到应用。
Internet of things is known as the third development trend of the information industry following computer and Internet. Since the beginning of the21st century, the Internet of things technology has got a rapid development. The application associated with this technology has been used in the field of production and living. RFID is the focus point of the research, which is the key technology of the Internet of things. Radio frequency identification technology is a non-contact identification technology. The targets can be identified by receiving a specific frequency signal. Then, the targets can exchange information with the readers.
At present, the low-frequency (125k～134.2kHz) and high-frequency (13.56MHz) technology are matured. The ultra-high frequency (915MHz) has been applied and entered a rapid development stage. The microwave technology (2.45GHz) has a small range of the application because of its high technical threshold. Compared with the low-frequency and high-frequency technology, the UHF technology can identify further, faster and safer. At the same time, the technical difficulty is lower than the microwave technology's. For the above reasons, the UHF technology product becomes the mainstream of the market. The UHF technology consists of three parts:reader, target and the application software. The reader is the most important equipment. Now, the reader almost uses foreign chips, whose price is very high. And then the development of the Radio frequency identification technology is fallen behind in our country.
The research content is to design a UHF RFID reader. It uses the LPC2132chip as the control core, and the RF circuits use the general-purpose chips. This reader can be used in areas such as logistics, warehouse management, identification and so on. Firstly, this paper discusses the current situation of RFID technology, which includes the development trends and exiting problems. Determine the technical indicators of the reader based on demands for industrial and domestic. Secondly, introduce RFID technology and composition. Then, analysis UHF band standard protocol ISO/IEC18000-6C, and determine the technical program of the reader. Thirdly, introduce the digital control circuits and RF analog circuits. Software part, introduce anti-collision algorithm, encoding and decoding, CRC error correction and the background application software. Finally, give the test result of the system and the suggestion of improvement by analysis the result.
The results of the test proved that the reader could currently operate on the tags which are far from the reader with1.0m, at the same time, the reader can identification10pieces of the tags with0.5m.
The reader could put in to use the parts:logistics, store management and identify.
引文
[1]Klaus Finkenzeller著,陈大才译,射频识别(RFID)技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001
[2]郎为民著,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[3]Behzad Razavi著,余志平,周润德译,射频微电子[M].北京：北京清华大学出版社,2006
[4]Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko著,王子宇,张肇仪,徐承和等译,射频电路设计理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[5]卢亮亮915MHz超高频RFID读卡器设计[D][硕士论文].郑州：郑州大学2011
[6]中国射频识别(RFID)技术政策白皮书[R].2006.6.9
[7]梁晓兵,谈树峰,王朱丹等.超高频射频识别读写器设计[J].现代电子技术2012
[8]曲丹.符合ISO/IEC 18000-6C标准的UHF RFID标签芯片数字处理单元设计[D].天津：天津大学2010
[9]李幂.基于IS018000-6C标准的UHF RFID读写器电路的设计与实现[D].[硕士论文].成都：电子科技大学2011
[10]苏冠群.RFID相关标准总览[J].中国包装工业,2006年7月：53-54
[11]姚建永,郎为民,王建秋等.EPCglobal组织的RFID标准[J].物流技术,2006年第7期：27-32
[12]UHF Gen 2 System Overview. Texas Instruments Proprietary Information, Sept. 2005
[13]樊昌信等著,通信原理(第6版)[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[14]毛利远.超高频无源RFID标签芯片调制解调系统电路设计与版图设计[D].[硕士论文]天津：天津大学2008
[15]Sun-Youb Kim, Jung-Ki Lee, Seung-Woo Lee, Hyoung-Keun Park, Yu-Chan Ra. A Study on Control Method to Reduce Collisions and Interferences between Multiple RFID readers and RFID tag[C] 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science:339-343
[16]周立功,张华等编著,深入浅出ARM7—LPC213x/214x[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[17]Alexandre Vouilloz, Michel Declecq, and Catherine Dehollain, "A Low-Power CMOS Super-Regenrative Receive at 1 GHz"IEEE Joural of Solid-State Ciruits, Vol.36, No.3
[18]ISO/IEC 18000-6 typeC[S].2006
[19]孟琨泰.基于ARM的915MHz射频识别读写器研究[D].[硕士论文].天津：天津大学2008
[20]盛晓春.基于碰撞时隙的防碰撞算法研究[D][硕士论文].成都：电子科技大学2012
[21]郑玉杰.基于ISO/IEC 18000-6的RFID标签数字系统及防冲突实现[D].天津：天津大学2008
[22]ISO/IEC. ISO/IEC 18000-6 Information technology-Radio frequency identification for item management-part 6 Paramenters for air interface communication at 860MHz to 960MHz,2006
[23]白煜,超高频射频识别UHF RFID系统抗干扰策略的研究[D][硕士论文].天津：天津大学2009
[24]王俊宇,刘丹,谈熙等.一种带碰撞检测功能的RFID读写器及其碰撞检测方法[P].中国专利,200710045652,2007
[25]张光山,张烁,张有光.基于随机时隙的RFID读写器防冲突方法[N].北京：北京航空航天大学学报2012
[26]姚七栋,张春玉.CRC校验及其软件实现[J].现代电子技术2007
[27]韩晓明.基于ISO/IEC18000-6C Class C RFID阅读器数字系统设计[D].成都：电子科技大学2011
[28]赵鸿,彭碧玉,王宏卓.基于VHDL的CRC校验及其在测控通信中的应用[J].通信技术2010
[29]王鹏飞.基于ARM920t的RFID阅读器基带部分的设计实现[D].南京：南京邮电大学2012
[30]吴静静.基于ISO/IEC18000-6C标准的阅读器数字基带系统的设计与实现[D][硕士论文]南京：南京邮电大学2012
[31]刘宏伟,李成ISO/IEC 18000-6C解析[J]集成电路,2007
[2]郎为民著,射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[3]Behzad Razavi著,余志平,周润德译,射频微电子[M].北京：北京清华大学出版社,2006
[4]Reinhold Ludwig, Pavel Bretchko著,王子宇,张肇仪,徐承和等译,射频电路设计理论与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2005
[5]卢亮亮915MHz超高频RFID读卡器设计[D][硕士论文].郑州：郑州大学2011
[6]中国射频识别(RFID)技术政策白皮书[R].2006.6.9
[7]梁晓兵,谈树峰,王朱丹等.超高频射频识别读写器设计[J].现代电子技术2012
[8]曲丹.符合ISO/IEC 18000-6C标准的UHF RFID标签芯片数字处理单元设计[D].天津：天津大学2010
[9]李幂.基于IS018000-6C标准的UHF RFID读写器电路的设计与实现[D].[硕士论文].成都：电子科技大学2011
[10]苏冠群.RFID相关标准总览[J].中国包装工业,2006年7月：53-54
[11]姚建永,郎为民,王建秋等.EPCglobal组织的RFID标准[J].物流技术,2006年第7期：27-32
[12]UHF Gen 2 System Overview. Texas Instruments Proprietary Information, Sept. 2005
[13]樊昌信等著,通信原理(第6版)[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2006
[14]毛利远.超高频无源RFID标签芯片调制解调系统电路设计与版图设计[D].[硕士论文]天津：天津大学2008
[15]Sun-Youb Kim, Jung-Ki Lee, Seung-Woo Lee, Hyoung-Keun Park, Yu-Chan Ra. A Study on Control Method to Reduce Collisions and Interferences between Multiple RFID readers and RFID tag[C] 2009 International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science:339-343
[16]周立功,张华等编著,深入浅出ARM7—LPC213x/214x[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[17]Alexandre Vouilloz, Michel Declecq, and Catherine Dehollain, "A Low-Power CMOS Super-Regenrative Receive at 1 GHz"IEEE Joural of Solid-State Ciruits, Vol.36, No.3
[18]ISO/IEC 18000-6 typeC[S].2006
[19]孟琨泰.基于ARM的915MHz射频识别读写器研究[D].[硕士论文].天津：天津大学2008
[20]盛晓春.基于碰撞时隙的防碰撞算法研究[D][硕士论文].成都：电子科技大学2012
[21]郑玉杰.基于ISO/IEC 18000-6的RFID标签数字系统及防冲突实现[D].天津：天津大学2008
[22]ISO/IEC. ISO/IEC 18000-6 Information technology-Radio frequency identification for item management-part 6 Paramenters for air interface communication at 860MHz to 960MHz,2006
[23]白煜,超高频射频识别UHF RFID系统抗干扰策略的研究[D][硕士论文].天津：天津大学2009
[24]王俊宇,刘丹,谈熙等.一种带碰撞检测功能的RFID读写器及其碰撞检测方法[P].中国专利,200710045652,2007
[25]张光山,张烁,张有光.基于随机时隙的RFID读写器防冲突方法[N].北京：北京航空航天大学学报2012
[26]姚七栋,张春玉.CRC校验及其软件实现[J].现代电子技术2007
[27]韩晓明.基于ISO/IEC18000-6C Class C RFID阅读器数字系统设计[D].成都：电子科技大学2011
[28]赵鸿,彭碧玉,王宏卓.基于VHDL的CRC校验及其在测控通信中的应用[J].通信技术2010
[29]王鹏飞.基于ARM920t的RFID阅读器基带部分的设计实现[D].南京：南京邮电大学2012
[30]吴静静.基于ISO/IEC18000-6C标准的阅读器数字基带系统的设计与实现[D][硕士论文]南京：南京邮电大学2012
[31]刘宏伟,李成ISO/IEC 18000-6C解析[J]集成电路,2007