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基于混沌理论的电力推进船舶电力负荷预测
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摘要
基于混沌理论对电力推进船舶电力负荷进行预测研究的目的是以研究混沌动力学为基础,结合电力推进船舶电力负荷的特点,从负荷的混沌特性分析、数据预处理到预测,为电力推进船舶初步建立一套负荷预测体系,进而提高船舶电力系统的安全稳定性和航行的经济性。
     本文首先采用功率谱分析方法从定性的角度对电力推进船舶电力负荷进行混沌特性分析,同时对负荷的相关维数及最大Lyapunov指数进行定量计算,验证船舶电力负荷具有混沌特性,从而对电力推进船舶电力负荷序列有了新的认识,并可应用混沌理论对电力推进船舶电力负荷进行预测。
     其次为提高电力推进船舶电力负荷数据质量,基于小波方法对负荷数据进行奇异性分析,并运用分形维数对负荷数据和由于冲击震荡、采样干扰等因素产生的噪声进行自适应分离,为预测提供良好的数据基础。
     然后以自相似轨道搜寻为基础,建立混沌局域预测与关联度相结合的电力推船舶电力负荷单变量预测模型;同时提出采用相似日负荷作为样本应用于电力推进船舶电力负荷混沌局域预测模型。实例计算结果表明以上两种预测方法对电力推进船舶电力负荷单变量预测的准确性。
     最后针对电力推进船舶电力负荷影响因素多的特点,以单变量时间序列的相空间重构为基础,进行多变量时间序列相空间重构,建立多变量混沌预测模型。并针对负荷的规律性变化,运用小波分解将其分解为固有负荷分量和载重量影响负荷分量,对固有负荷分量采用混沌局域关联模型进行重点预测;对载重量影响负荷分量采用线性回归模型进行预测,实现预测精度的进一步提高。
On the base of analying chaotic characterics, the aim is to establish a ship power load forecasting system combine with ship power load character, which did assure secure and economic operation of electric propulsion ship. The forecasting system covers three aspects: the chaos character analysis, the historial data beforehand processing and the forecasting of ship power load.
     Chaos character of electric propulsion ship power load is analyzed through the quality and ration angle. Power spectrum approach to quality angle is presented, correlation dimension and the most Lyapunov exponent are computed to ration angle, which did validate chaos character of electric propulsion ship power load. So it gives us a new acquaintance to the complexity of ship power load time series, and the ship power load could be forecasted through chaos theory.
     The reliability and reality of load historial data is the foundation of electric propulsion ship power load forecasting. But, the impact load in running ship power system, and the disturb data in collecting load data may cause fault data in load historial data. Focusing on beforehand processing historial load data, the singularity of ship power load is analyzed using wavelet method, and the ship power load data can be of self-adaptability to be apart from its noises based on fractal dimension, then fault data can be eliminated, which did provide better data basis for the electric propulsion ship power load forecasting.
     The univariate time series of electric propulsion ship power load forecasting model is set up. The self-similar trajectory is looked for, and the correlation degree is acted on chaos local forecasting model. Moreover, the similar days load is input into chaos local forecasting model. The practical examples express that the above methods have more precision to univariate forecasting of ship power load.
     To counter the influence of different factors on ship power load, the multivariate chaos forecasting model of electric propulsion ship power load is set up. Based on the phase space reconstruction of univariate time series, phase space of multivariate time series is reconstructed, and then chaos forecasting model of multivariate time series can be established to forecast the electric propulsion ship power load. Moreover, to cunter the varying rule of the ship power load itself, wavelet transform is applied to decompose electric propulsion ship power load. Ship power load is divided into normal load and dead weight influence load. A chaos local correlation forecasting model is built for normal load, and a polynomial regressive model is built for dead weight influence load. The practical examples express that the methods are effective and feasible.
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